Abstract: An adjustable wrench comprises a supporting member having a plurality of gripping arms pivotally supported thereon. The gripping arms are moveable into and out of engagement with a hex-headed nut or bolt. The apparatus may be modified to use two or four or eight arms for gripping square-headed or octagonally-headed nuts or bolts. Obviously, the gripping structure could also be used for gripping other objects, as in a drill chuck or lathe.The apparatus has a second moveable member capable of rotary motion adjacent to the supporting member. The second moveable member has supported thereon a cylindrical cam member moveable longitudinally of said gripping arms and engageable with cam surfaces thereon to move said arms pivotally inward into gripping relation.

Abstract: An adjustable socket (10) for rotatively driving bolts and nuts is disclosed as including a plurality of jaws (18) mounted on a rotatable driver (16) for quick action adjustment between fully opened and fully closed positions upon rotation of an adjuster (22) no more than one revolution. Each jaw has an inclined camming surface (28) that is slidably engaged by a jaw positioner (20) upon axial movement thereof in response to rotation of the adjuster so as to provide radial adjustment of the jaw positions. A spring (30) biases the jaws in an outward radial direction into engagement with the positioner. In one embodiment, the jaw positioner comprises a sleeve (20) which preferably has apertures (62) that receive the jaws, and the adjuster has a 360.degree. helical locking surface (26) that cooperates with a 360.degree. locking surface (24) on the driver in an axially opposed relationship to provide locking action and jaw adjustment.

Abstract: A universal tool includes a body with an opening adapted to interchangeably receive cassette-type work elements. Connected to the body is a handle containing clamping means for securing the work piece within the surfaces of the working elements of the cassette and a screw unit which preliminarily orients the working surfaces of the cassette elements in relation to the diameter or size of the work piece. The various cassettes can contain a screw driver, reamers, wrench, pipe flare, thread cutters and other functional working surfaces or jaws.

Abstract: A combination wrench is provided having an adjustable box-end wrench at one end and an adjustable open-end wrench at the other end. The box-end wrench includes a longitudinally movable adjusting member which forms a movable wall of a polygonal box structure integral with one end of a housing. The open-end wrench includes a pair of jaw members interconnected with the other end of the housing by a camming mechanism which effects lateral adjusting movement of the jaw members relative one another upon longitudinal movement relative the housing. The adjusting member and jaw members are coupled together for simultaneous movement to achieve same size adjustment at both ends. A one-way ratchet lock mechanism acts between the adjusting member and the housing and includes a plurality of ratchet teeth precisely located and spaced to size the wrences for each English size and metric size bolt to be fitted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for making improved grafting joints between plant components, particularly woody plants. Selected plant materials may be grafted one upon another by cutting out two diametrically opposed, longitudinally diagonal sectors from each end of the plant parts to be joined. The sectors are of equal length on each plant part and are joined by slipping the sectored end of one plant part into the cooperating sectored end of the other plant part so that the parts interlock. The joint is then enveloped by tape or the like to seal the joint.Hand tools and semi-automatic machinery are disclosed for sectoring plants in a single operation and include radial cutting elements arranged perpendicularly to one another and adapted to make four simultaneous slits lengthwise and diagonally along the plant simultaneously removing the waste slit sectors.

Abstract: A self adjusting spanner wrench for screw type watch backs comprises a generally cylindrical body member having sings at one end and a plurality of adjustable gripper members extending from the opposite end and includes cam means internally of the body member for engaging the plurality of grippers for camming them radially inward for gripping a watch back or the like upon axial movement of the body member with respect to the gripping members.

Abstract: A body is provided forming a handle. A pair of complementary jaw members fit within the body and move longitudinally therein. The jaw members are configurated at their outer ends so as to be complementary and together to form a nut engaging configuration. Cam surfaces are provided on the insides of the body in a position to engage surfaces of the jaw members for camming them toward each other when a nut is engaged by the jaw members and a force is applied in a direction toward the nut. The jaw members move inwardly with respect to the body and are cammed towards each other to tightly engage and hold the nut. Preferably, the jaw members are pivoted together within the body and a spring is provided to normally urged them outwardly.