Abstract: Processes for high speed machining of workpiece materials using high performance tools with prolonged tool life and improved surface finish are provided by vibrating the tool and/or the workpiece at a frequency greater than the frequency of shear localization in the primary shear zone or chip segmentation occurring in the absence of tool vibration, with an amplitude sufficient to break up the tool-chip atomic contact, thereby decreasing the tool-chip contact length through decreasing the tool-chip contact time, thereby suppressing accelerated chemical tool wear caused by dissolution of the tool into the workpiece by nanocrystalline grain boundary diffusion and grain boundary sliding mechanisms by preventing shear localization associated with nanocrystalline grain formation in the primary shear zone of the chip, and suppressing oxidation wear of the tool by preventing segmentation of the chip.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring the contact of tool bits of a lathe with surfaces of a brake disk being machined employs a vibration sensor coupled to the lathe. Signals from the vibration sensor are processed as time-averaged segments that can be grouped within time intervals; a microprocessor employs a qualifying routine to compare the signal level to a background noise threshold value and indicates as “failed” those time periods where the average signal level is not above the background noise threshold. An accumulator records the indications over a number of intervals and compares the result to a standard to make a determination of whether the lathe is likely actively cutting the disk surfaces. To isolate intermittent, high-intensity noises, a consistency routine can check further to see whether individual segments within an interval fall within a range based on the average signal level for that interval.

Abstract: A tailstock control device supports an object to be machined by driving and controlling a servo motor which drives a driving system of a tailstock having a spring member in forward and backward directions, to cause a tailstock center connected to the tailstock to contact a center hole of the object to be machined. The tailstock control device comprises a limit torque value calculating unit which calculates, as a limit torque value (Tm), a drive torque value of the servo motor necessary for supporting the object to be machined, and a servo control unit which drives and controls the servo motor to attempt to move the tailstock at a tailstock movement velocity (Vs) which is set in advance, until an output torque value (Tr) of the servo motor reaches the limit torque value (Tm). The limit torque value (Tm) is calculated by subtracting, from the support thrust (Fa) necessary for supporting the object to be machined, an excessive thrust Fs which is calculated based on the tailstock movement velocity (Vs).

Abstract: In a method for cutting freeform surfaces, a workpiece is cut by a cutting tool such that a desired freeform surface may be achieved, the cutting tool for cutting purposes being moved along at least one defined cutting path relative to the workpiece. A cutting tool is used, the tool head of which has a greater radius than a tool shank of the cutting tool.

Abstract: An ultra-precision machining system includes a worktable, a first support device, a second support device, a rotating shaft, a cutting tool, a detector and a controller. The first support device is fixed on the worktable. The second support device is movably mounted on the worktable. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the first support device. The cutting tool is mounted on the second support device and is movable relative to the second support device along a vertical direction. The detector is fixedly connected to the first support device above the rotating shaft for detecting an axial deviation of the rotating shaft. The controller is configured for calculating the axial deviation of the rotating shaft and adjusting the position of the cutting tool relative to the rotating shaft to counteract the calculated axial deviation of the rotating shaft.

Abstract: A method for machining a surface on a workpiece having a member extending perpendicularly to the surface includes determining a position of a tool, determining a position of the workpiece, positioning at least one of the workpiece and the tool to a predefined position, rotating the workpiece, and rotating the tool to a predefined rotational speed. The predefined rotational speed synchronizes the rotation of the tool with the rotation of the workpiece in order to avoid unwanted contact between the tool and the member. The method includes the steps of translating at least one of the tool and the workpiece in a direction parallel to an axis defined by the workpiece, removing material from a first portion of the workpiece, translating at least one of the tool and the workpiece in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece, and removing material from a second portion of the workpiece.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward the design of a holding apparatus which allows contact lens lathes to hold contact lens buttons during the contact lens manufacturing process. The holding apparatus functions to hold lenses manufactured from a different sized stock than what the lens manufacturing equipment is designed to hold. In general the holding apparatus has a circular portion having a mating surface on a one side and a cylindrical protrusion extending from the other side. A contact lens lathe can hold the cylindrical protrusion of the holding apparatus while the mating surface mates with a surface on a contact lens button. The lens button and holding apparatus surfaces can be modified to allow more efficient machining of the lens buttons.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for automatically detecting the position of a cutting tool in a computerized numerically controlled lathe which is capable of preventing over-load operation of a driving motor by allowing an arm having a touch sensor mounted thereto to safely stop at a position while the driving motor stops operating. The touch sensor is pivoted by means of a gear assembly driven by the driving motor. When the arm is rotated and reaches a proper position, a worm and a worm wheel of the gear assembly are rotated until a camshaft is brought into contact with a stopper. The arm is moved toward the cutting tool and the cutting tool is brought into contact with the touch sensor in accordance with a program that is preprogramedly input into the computerized numerically controlled lathe.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing a position of a cutting tool in a computer numerical controlled machine tool is provided including an arm supporting and moving a sensor that cooperates with the cutting tool. Also provided is a housing including a gear assembly and a driving motor for moving the arm, and a stopper for defining an operating position of the arm. The driving motor supplies rotation force to the gear assembly so as to pivot the arm against the stopper and then apply force to an elastic member. When the driving motor is stopped, the elastic member applies a force, through the gear assembly, urging the arm against the stopper in the operating position.

Abstract: With the use of a tool (41), first cutting is applied to a work (W), and then second cutting is applied to the work (W) while the tool (41) is transferred in an X-axis direction. Then, an amount of deviation dy between the cutting edge height of the tool (41) and the center line of the work (W) is calculated based on a first diameter value (D1) and second diameter value (D2) measured after the first cutting and second cutting are applied, and the travel distance of the tool (41) between the first cutting and the second cutting. Machining to the work (W) is resumed after the amount of deviation is corrected.

Abstract: A preparing apparatus of an NC machining program prepares an NC machining program including a position instruction of a cutting portion of a rotary tool on the basis of a two-dimensional workpiece coordinate system having a Z-axis and an X-axis as coordinate axes. An operator inputs a lead clearance ? and a radial clearance ? to the preparing apparatus via an input operation section. A processing section converts the NC machining program prepared on the basis of the two-dimensional workpiece coordinate system into an NC machining program including a position instruction of a three-dimensional workpiece coordinate system having the X-axis, a Y-axis and the Z-axis as the coordinate axes, on the basis of the lead clearance ? and the radial clearance ?.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus in the field of computer numerically controlled machine tools. A rotating workpiece is brought into contact with a tool, the tool being disposed in a rotating tool holder and traversing an eccentric path. By rotating the tool holder and workpiece synchronously, various characteristics forms may be produced. The method in some embodiments is useful in the turning of noncircular shapes, such as ovoid pistons and other parts.

Abstract: A process for hobble lathing, and preferred process applications, for the cutting of workpieces with non-circular or discontinuous contours on programmable lathes. The use and combination of a special program e.g. of thread cycles and hobble values for the diameter and/or the longitudinal axis or the pitch, the angle of the spindle, in option of a reciprocal-step technique and interleaved machining sequences opens up virtually infinite possibilities. The preferred applications of the process allow special threads to be cut on screw-in bodies, e.g. screw-in artificial hip joint sockets and bone screws for example with neutral or virtually any angle of pitch or relief of the thread blade as well as e.g. internal and external contours on workpieces for circular wedge connections. A particularly beneficial hip joint socket is presented comprising so-called screw or threaded surfaces.

Abstract: In a rolling bearing device for a road-wheel including an inner shaft 1 that is provided with, on its outer-side end 10, a flange 4 on which a road-wheel member mounted, and an outer ring 2 disposed around the inner shaft 1, the inner shaft has, on its outer side, a hair-line pattern portion 5 that is formed by turning and that permits the manufacturing attribute of the bearing device to be identified based on the difference in the form of hair lines so formed. This permits the manufacturing attribute of the bearing device to be identified after the bearing device is assembled in a vehicle body. Furthermore, the representation of the manufacturing attribute can be readily implemented during a manufacturing step.

Abstract: A closed-loop feedback system and method for performing a machining operation. A tool's operational properties are measured in real-time. The operating parameters of the machining process are adjusted in real-time based on the measured properties.

Abstract: A control and management method for lathes and loaders for lathes, comprising the steps of: detecting geometric parameters and mechanical characteristics of a bar to be turned; determining development of the critical frequencies of the bar upon a rotation thereof about the longitudinal axis as the rotation rate and length of the bar vary; starting turning of the bar, avoiding the combinations of mandrel rotation rate and bar length at which the rotation rate of the bar intersects the curves that represent the development of the critical frequencies.

Abstract: A dynamic alignment monitoring system allows an operator to monitor the misalignment of an on-vehicle disk brake lathe with respect to a vehicle axis about which the disk to be machined rotates, and can allow the operator to discontinue further alignment when appropriate in order to speed the overall time of the alignment process. The system processes signals from an angular rate sensor and a tachometer, using a scaling routine to derive a LRO value corresponding to the LRO of the disk which would result from machining in the current alignment condition. A representation of the derived LRO value is displayed to the operator. An operator override can allow the operator to discontinue further alignment adjustments when an acceptable alignment condition is indicated. The system can aid the operator by also presenting a representation of an acceptable LRO value for the particular vehicle being serviced.

Abstract: A lens surface cutting method for a spectacle lens includes the steps of calculating the mean curvature of a lens surface (5) to be machined, calculating a helical machining path (4) that matches the mean curvature, and cutting the lens surface (5) to be machined by a cutting means. The helical machining path (4) calculated by the helical machining path calculating step is a path in which helix spacings P (=P1, P2, . . . Pn) on the lens surface (5) to be machined are equidistant and a helix spacing d (=d1, d2, . . . dn) on an X-Y projection plane 100 increases continuously from a lens outer periphery toward a center. The cutting means cuts the lens surface (5) to be machined from the outer periphery toward the center along the helical machining path (4). Thus, a spectacle lens having a lens surface with a surface accuracy that is almost uniform throughout an entire surface can be obtained.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a part selected from a plurality of part types is disclosed. The method involves the step of selecting, from a supply of workpieces, a workpiece of a type that is associated with the type of part selected, the workpiece having a void and a substantially annular outer surface. Using a lathe, the selected workpiece is machined into the selected part. The workpiece, during the machining step, is mounted to the lathe by a collet associated with the type of part selected. The collet is an expanding collet which, during machining, is received by the void and engages the workpiece in gripping relation. The part can be a bushing for an aircraft landing gear and the workpiece can be an oversized bushing. The method can be carried out at an aircraft repair facility and the oversized bushings can be procured from specialist fabricators.

Abstract: A five axis motion controlled ultra-precision machine tool is provided in which major portions are composed as a structure completely symmetric about the machining point and errors due to thermal displacement can be minimized. A pair of Y axis guide members (41,41) are secured to the top face of a base (i) at both sides of an X axis slider (3) interposed therebetween for X direction so as to movably guide Y axis sliders (4,4) in horizontal Y direction perpendicular to X axis. Y axis linear motors (42,42) and the Y axis guide members (41,41) are disposed substantially at the center of mass of the Y axis sliders (4,4) respectively, so that the Y axis sliders (4,4) can be driven in Y direction with vibration and errors in alignment minimized.

Abstract: A machining system 1 comprises a lathe 10 having end portion supporting mechanisms 13, 15 for supporting an elongated workpiece W horizontally, center rests 21 for supporting the middle portion of the workpiece W, an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the supported position of the workpiece W by adjusting the height positions of the center rests 21, a tool rest 20, and a control device 25, and a non-contact measuring device 30 for measuring the deflection amount of the workpiece W at portions thereof supported by the center rests 21 when the workpiece W is rotated. The control device 25 is configured to adjust the height positions of the center rests 21 by controlling the adjustment mechanism on the basis of the measured deflection amount, so that the height positions of both end portions of the workpiece W being rotated and the middle portion thereof become the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a machining system etc. capable of highly accurately machining a workpiece even in a case where the workpiece is deflected. A machining system 1 is configured with a lathe 10 having end portion supporting mechanisms 13, 15 for supporting both end portions of an elongated workpiece W horizontally, a tool rest 20 for holding a tool, a feed mechanism for moving the tool rest 20 in three orthogonal directions, and a control device 25 for controlling the feed mechanism, and a non-contact measuring device 30 for measuring the deflection shape of the workpiece W when the workpiece W is rotated. The control device 25 moves the tool along the deflection shape measured by the non-contact measuring device 30.

Abstract: The invention discloses a device and a method for producing microstructures with a spindle, which is adapted to be driven for rotation about its longitudinal axis and which is provided with a fixture for clamping a workpiece, having an actuator provided with a fast drive, in particular a piezo drive, adapted to produce fast movement of a tool in a direction substantially perpendicular to the workpiece surface, which actuator can be positioned along a workpiece surface to be worked with the aid of an additional drive adapted to produce a linear feed motion in a first direction, the fast drive being coupled with the tool via guide means that allow feeding of the tool in axial direction of the fast drive, against the action of a restoring force, and that is highly rigid in a plane perpendicular to that direction. The control technology used permits microstructures to be produced precisely and reproducibly utilizing the dynamic properties of the system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vibration monitoring device and methods for using the same. Specifically, the invention relates to a vibration monitoring device which may be utilized throughout a delayed coker unit operation to ascertain whether the cutting tool is boring, cutting or ramping mode.

Abstract: The cutting-edge position detecting method includes the steps of: under a condition in which the cutting edge of the tool is positioned in an image that is taken by a camera, performing first sampling scanning operations for the image in a predetermined scanning direction at predetermined first intervals, and recognizing points on an upper edge line of the cutting edge of the tool and points on a lower edge line thereof, based on brightness changing points upon the first scanning operations; connecting the recognized points on the respective two edge lines, so as to obtain two first-level approximate linear lines by a least-squares method; performing second sampling scanning operations for the respective two first-level approximate linear lines in directions perpendicular thereto at predetermined second intervals, and newly recognizing points on the upper edge line of the cutting edge of the tool and points on the lower edge line thereof, based on brightness changing points upon the second scanning operations

Abstract: With the use of a tool (41), first cutting is applied to a work (W), and then second cutting is applied to the work (W) while the tool (41) is transferred in an X-axis direction. Then, an amount of deviation dy between the cutting edge height of the tool (41) and the center line of the work (W) is calculated based on a first diameter value (D1) and second diameter value (D2) measured after the first cutting and second cutting are applied, and the travel distance of the tool (41) between the first cutting and the second cutting. Machining to the work (W) is resumed after the amount of deviation is corrected.

Abstract: In the assembly of vibration body, the first width in the lateral direction (X axis direction) is greater than the second width in the longitudinal direction (Y axis direction) in the cross sectional form perpendicular to Z axis of the first portion on the tip side from the closest node position, thereby, the rigidity of a vibration body main part in the X axis direction can be enhanced, and lateral bending vibrations on fixing portion can be restrained. Consequently, an object can be processed highly accurately by the assembly of vibration body that is controlled with a high precision.

Abstract: The invention is a CNC machine tool, namely a CNC lathe, that includes a horizontal main spindle. The unfinished parts to be machined are supplied to the machine tool horizontally to the working compartment by a handling device integrated into the CNC control, and are then supplied via the handling device to a chuck that is to the horizontal main spindle. The machine tool according to the invention is particularly well-suited for small machining runs.

Abstract: A cutting tool assembly having a tool post capable of lateral movement along a work piece to be cut and an actuator with at least one machined tool tip and possibly other tool tips. The actuator provides for control of the movement of the tool tip in an x-direction into and out of the work piece in order to make continuous or discontinuous microstructures in it. The machined tool tip provides for microstructures within microstructures. The machined work piece can be used to make microstructured articles such as films having non-adjacent lenslets.

Abstract: A 5 axis motion controlled ultra-precision machine tool is provided in which major portions are composed as a structure completely symmetric about the machining point and errors due to thermal displacement can be minimized. A pair of Y axis guide members (41,41) are secured to the top face of a base (1) at both sides of an X axis slider (3) interposed therebetween for X direction so as to movably guide Y axis sliders (4,4) in horizontal Y direction perpendicular to X axis. Y axis linear motors (42,42) and the Y axis guide members (41,41) are disposed substantially at the center of mass of the Y axis sliders (4,4) respectively, so that the Y axis sliders (4,4) can be driven in Y direction with vibration and errors in alignment minimized.

Abstract: A cutting tool assembly having a tool post capable of lateral movement along a work piece to be cut and a shank on the tool post holding at least one machined tool tip and possibly other tool tips. The tool tip has diffractive features in contact with the work piece in order to machine macro-scale features having nano-scale features. The machined work piece can be used to make articles having diffractive features such as optical films having lenslets.

Abstract: A cutting tool assembly having a tool post capable of lateral movement along a work piece to be cut and an actuator with at least one machined tool tip and possibly other tool tips. The actuator provides for control of the movement of the tool tip in an x-direction into and out of the work piece in order to make continuous or discontinuous diffractive features in it. The machined work piece can be used to make articles having diffractive features such as optical films having lenslets.

Abstract: The turning machine according to the present invention includes a displacement sensor (200) which measures a distance between an immobile reference point and a position of variable point which reflects the positional displacement of the tool, the immobile reference point being able to determine a relative positional correlation relating to a variable position of tools with the progress of machining of the workpiece (W) by the tool (421). In drawings the reference point is set up in the guide bush (90). And based on the measured result by the displacement sensor, the tool is moved so that the center height of the tool and the center line of the workpiece satisfy relatively the predetermined positional correlation. Accordingly, the center height deviation amount due to heat deformation and the like is corrected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for adjusting the position of cutting tools (5) or end tools (6) in relation to the central axis (1) of the guide bush (2) of an automatic lathe. The device according to the invention essentially comprises a miniature CCD camera (3) which is equipped with an extension tube (4) containing a gradient-index lens (9) and an achromatic lens (10). According to the invention, the extension tube (4) is introduced into the guide bush (2) and is maintained in place by the workholder of the headstock (28) which clamps a fixing end piece (27) which is in turn fixed to the camera housing (18). Once introduced into the guide bush, the assembly can be used to obtain an image of the tool through the opening of the guide bush. The tool to be position-adjusted is illuminated by a set of light-emitting diodes (16). The image is transmitted to a computer via a cable (8).

Abstract: An exemplary machining method used to machine a predetermined curved surface on a workpiece (46) comprising: (1) providing a machining apparatus (30), the machining apparatus including a vertical tool spindle (40) for mounting a tool (42) and a workpiece spindle (44) being rotatable in an axis thereof, the tool spindle being rotatable relative to a vertical direction, a rotational axis of the workpiece spindle is oblique relative to a rotational axis of the tool spindle; (2) mounting the workpiece onto the workpiece spindle; (3) driving the spindle and the workpiece spindle to rotate, and positioning the tool corresponding to the workpiece; and (4) driving a machining point of the tool to move on the predetermined curved surface and along a path passing through a top point “P” and any point “Q” of an edge of the predetermined curved surface.

Abstract: A machine for machining optical workpieces, in particular plastic spectacle lenses, which has a workpiece spindle, which drives the workpiece in rotation about a workpiece rotation axis (B), and a fast tool arrangement, which moves a turning tool in a fast tool movement plane (X-F1), wherein the workpiece spindle and the fast tool arrangement can moreover be moved relative to one another in a plane (X-Y) which contains the workpiece rotation axis (B). The fast tool movement plane (X-F1) is positioned obliquely (work angle ?) with respect to the plane (X-Y) containing the workpiece rotation axis (B). As a result, a machine is provided in which the working point of the cutting edge of the turning tool can be aligned in a particularly simple and highly precise manner on the rotation axis (B) of the workpiece spindle.

Abstract: In a method of machining a work in a numerically controlled lathe, it is possible to reduce machining cost by shortening idle time at the time of switching and to enhance the lifetime by lessening a load on a feeding mechanism of a tool rest. After completion of the machining of a work W with a tool T1 on one tool rest (13), the one tool rest (13) is moved to a standby position B and, at the same time, the other tool rest (15) is moved from a standby position D and the feed speed of the other tool rest (15) is controlled such that the one and the other tool rests (13, 15) simultaneously reach positions C and F preset between the work W and the standby positions B and D.

Abstract: In a noncircular shape machining apparatus, a tool 7 is moved reciprocally in an X-axis direction by a tool-moving mechanism. A first acceleration sensor 6 is disposed on a saddle 11, which is an immovable section of the tool-moving mechanism. Further, a second acceleration sensor 15 is disposed on a spindle bearing 5 of a spindle that holds and causes a workpiece 1 to rotate. Additionally, displacements of the saddle 11 and the workpiece 1 are measured by these two acceleration sensors 6 and 15, and displacement in the relative distance between the workpiece 1 and the tool 7 is acquired as relative displacement on the basis of the two displacements that have been obtained. Additionally, the position of the tool 7 is calculated from the obtained displacement and the output value of an X-axis linear scale 12.

Abstract: Methods are described for calibrating a turning machine having a first rotatable portion or chuck for holding a workpiece. The first rotatable portion has a first feature associated therewith. The method comprises the steps of using a measurement probe to determine the position of the first feature, rotating the first rotatable portion through an angle, and using said measurement probe to determine the new position of the first feature. The extension of the technique to swivel head mill-turn machines is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modern method for the turning machining of appropriate machines, on which a workpiece (10) with a cutting edge (16) acts on a workpiece (18), with the machines displaying a round B axis around which the workpiece as a whole can be rotated, and a round C axis by the rotation of which the workpiece rotates around its own axis. Software developed up to now does not contain steps for providing the round axes. Thus, software is used to generate control instructions for the machine as a function of the input data which provide the geometry and position of a workpiece in reference to the resting position of a round axis and which corresponds to a respective rotation of 0° approximately. Then, software that computes certain values (cutting edge position, direction of the main cut, mounting angle, and relief angle) is attached to this software. The input data for the base software can then be derived from these values.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method and apparatus for measuring the weight of a CNC workpiece. As the weight of the workpiece on a loading platform increases, the loading of a driving module which drives the loading platform in constant speed increases accordingly. On the contrary, as the weight of the workpiece on the loading platform decreases, the loading of the driving module which drives the loading platform in constant speed also decreases. This invention determines the weight of the workpiece on the loading platform by measuring the electrical signal which drives the driving module and utilizing a calibration curve data in a preconfigured database.

Abstract: A dynamic spindle adjustment permitting an adjustment movement for the compensation of a wobble of the body held by the work spindle is provided on the spindle bearing of a machine tool. The regulation is designed at least dynamically enough for the regulation to permit a reliable tracking of the rotating work spindle. As a result of this, one or more spindles can be moved relative to a stationary machine in such a manner that the path of a body held on the work spindle represents an ideal rotation about the desired body axis, that is, the axis of symmetry. The compensation motion can be achieved by energizing appropriate actuators of the bearing devices with sinusoidal and cosinusoidal adjustment signals, which are superimposed to produce a circular motion of the affected bearing device. This circular motion compensates for orbital motions of the misaligned body (7) held on the work spindle.

Abstract: A dynamic alignment monitoring system allows an operator to monitor the misalignment of an on-vehicle disk brake lathe with respect to a vehicle axis about which the disk to be machined rotates, and can allow the operator to discontinue further alignment when appropriate in order to speed the overall time of the alignment process. The system processes signals from an angular rate sensor and a tachometer, using a scaling routine to derive a LRO value corresponding to the LRO of the disk which would result from machining in the current alignment condition. A representation of the derived LRO value is displayed to the operator. An operator override can allow the operator to discontinue further alignment adjustments when an acceptable alignment condition is indicated. The system can aid the operator by also presenting a representation of an acceptable LRO value for the particular vehicle being serviced.

Abstract: A cutting tool assembly having a tool post capable of lateral movement along a work piece to be cut and an actuator with a tool tip. The actuator provides for variable control of the movement of the tool tip in an x-direction into the work piece at two simultaneously independent speeds for use in making microstructures in the work piece.

Abstract: The invention discloses a device and a method for producing microstructures with a spindle, which is adapted to be driven for rotation about its longitudinal axis and which is provided with a fixture for clamping a workpiece, having an actuator provided with a fast drive, in particular a piezo drive, adapted to produce fast movement of a tool in a direction substantially perpendicular to the workpiece surface, which actuator can be positioned along a workpiece surface to be worked with the aid of an additional drive adapted to produce a linear feed motion in a first direction, the fast drive being coupled with the tool via guide means that allow feeding of the tool in axial direction of the fast drive, against the action of a restoring force, and that is highly rigid in a plane perpendicular to that direction. The control technology used permits microstructures to be produced precisely and reproducibly utilizing the dynamic properties of the system.

Abstract: An NC automatic lathe including abase board, a headstock provided with a main spindle and so arranged as to move in a direction of Z1 axis, a back attachment provided with a sub spindle which is so arranged as to be opposed to the headstock, the back attachment being so arranged as to move in directions of Z2 axis, X2 axis and Y2 axis, a guide bush, a first turret tool post arranged at a side of the guide bush so as to move in directions of X1 axis and Y1 axis, a second turret tool post arranged at a side of the guide bush so as to move in directions of Z3 axis, X3 axis and Y3 axis, and a fixed back machining tool unit arranged at a position offset with respect to at least one of the first turret tool post and second turret tool post, to the back attachment in a direction of Z axis, and provided with tool holding portions in at least two rows and two lines in directions of X axis and Y axis.

Abstract: A toolholder with a controllable critical angle, such as a lead, trailing, rake or clearance angles, includes a tool spindle for retaining the toolholder in a tool rest of a machine tool. The machine tool includes at least one linear axis, for example, three mutually perpendicular axes, a rotary axis and a rotation axis. The rotary axis and/or rotation axis is controllable to move to a specified position in synchronization with a movement of one of the linear axes. An adaptor supports a cutting tool that is retained in the adaptor by a clamp. The cutting tool defines a critical angle, such as a lead angle, a trailing angle, a rake angle and a flank clearance angle, wherein the critical angle is corrected as a vector of movement of at least one of the linear axis is changed. In addition, the cutting tool can be positioned on opposite side of a centerline of rotation of the workpiece to effectively double the life of the cutting tool. A method of controlling a toolholder is also disclosed.

Abstract: A piece-threading device on a numerically controlled lathe comprises a supporting assembly having an inner rotatively driven body which, on a side thereof facing a workpiece to be threaded, comprises a plurality of threading tools, the rotatively driven body having a built-in electrical rotor (9) to which an electric stator (8) also built-in in the supporting assembly is operatively coupled, the stator (8) having a plurality of circumferential channels (6) for circulating therethrough a refrigerating and lubricating fluid.

Abstract: There is provided a combined machining lathe provided with a work supporting device for preventing the occurrence of chattering at the time when a work is machined. The combined machining lathe 1 has a first main spindle 10 and a second main spindle 20 to grip the work W1. An upper tool rest 30 is provided above a centerline connecting the first main spindle 10 and the second main spindle 20, and a lower tool rest 50 is provided below the centerline. The upper tool rest 30 is changeably mounted with a milling tool T1 or the like to mill the work W1. The lower tool rest 50 has a turret tool rest 70, and is provided with the work supporting device 100 in addition to a tool. The work supporting device 100 supports the work W1 from the downside to prevent the occurrence of chattering at the time of machining.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for use in production of bevel gears. The device comprises a turning machine (22), with a working spindle (22.1) and a counter-holder (23), arranged co-axially to a rotational axis (B1) of the working spindle (22.1) for the coaxial tensioning of a workpiece blank (K1). A multi-functional tool holder (24) is provided, which may be displaced relative to the workpiece blank (K1) held in the turning machine (22) and comprises a tool base (25) mounted to rotate about an axis (B2). The tool base (25) is provided for fixing one or more tools. A tool housing (26) with milling head (27) is provided, the tool housing (26) being displaceable relative to the workpiece blank (K1) held in the turning machine (22) and the milling head (27) is mounted to rotate about a milling head axis (B3).