Abstract: Provided is a machine tool hand including a body portion that is mounted so as to be attachable to and detachable from a spindle of a machine tool, and that is provided with a flow path connected to a coolant-liquid supply path formed in the spindle; and two or more hand members that are attached to the body portion such that at least one of the hand members is pivotable about a prescribed axis, and that are capable of gripping an object therebetween by being closed. The flow path is provided with discharge ports via which a coolant liquid supplied from the coolant-liquid supply path is discharged toward surfaces of the hand members that are exposed to an outside, and a pressure of the coolant liquid causes an opening operation or a closing operation of the hand members.

Abstract: A spindle device of a machine tool is provided with: a rear-side bearing and front-side bearings which rotatably support a spindle with respect to a housing; a built-in motor which is disposed around the spindle between the front-side bearings and the rear-side bearing; heat pipes which are embedded in the spindle and which transmit heat between the central part and the rear-end part of the spindle; a plurality of plate-like inner fins which are affixed to a rear part of the spindle that protrudes rearward of the rear-side bearing and which extend perpendicularly with respect to the rotation axis of the spindle; and a plurality of plate-like outer fins which are affixed to the housing and which are disposed between the plurality of inner fins in such a manner as not to contact the inner fins.

Abstract: A tool holder includes a coolant cavity opening out to a cavity inlet and outlet openings. The coolant cavity includes a cavity upper surface which extends along a cavity central axis. The cavity upper surface includes a cavity widening surface firstly which decreases in distance from the holder peripheral surface and secondly along which the cavity cross-sectional area increases, both with increasing distance from the cavity inlet opening. The cavity upper surface also includes a cavity narrowing surface, located further from the cavity inlet opening than the cavity widening surface, firstly which increases in distance from the holder peripheral surface and secondly along which the cavity cross-sectional area decreases, with increasing distance from the cavity inlet opening. A cutting tool is provided having a cutting insert releasably attached to the tool holder.

Abstract: A universal tool mounting system for a machining center relates to CNC machine tools, comprising a main drum into which mounts a plurality of tool holder unit stations, these create a platform to attach, mount and interchange tool holder units on each station, where each tool holder unit is chosen from a designed selection which can turn, mill, bore, drill and rapidly machine components with multicut tools or alternately each performs a combination of these operations and each holds a plurality of tools. The main drum is indexed to position the tool holder unit station with the attached tool holder unit to the operative position, then the tool holder unit station is indexed to position a selected tool to the machining position. The tool holder unit stations also provide live tooling functions to any attached live tooling tool holder units. Tool holder unit stations can also be preindexed.

Abstract: Multispindle lathe comprising a machine frame (12), a spindle drum (14) which is arranged in the machine frame (12), is rotatable about a spindle drum axis (16) and is made up at least partially of segments (80) which are cut out from flat material in a stacking direction (82) parallel to the spindle drum axis (16) and extend in stacking planes (88) transverse to the stacking direction (82), these segments having receiving cutouts (90) and cooling channel cutouts (92, 96, 106) which overlap with one another such that the spindle drum (14) has spindle motor receptacles (30) for spindle motors (32) and a cooling channel system (120, 130, 180) separated therefrom by wall webs (98), characterized in that the cooling channel system has several channel subsystems (120, 130, 180) for a liquid cooling medium which are fed in parallel.

Abstract: A machine tool includes a spindle side position measuring unit measuring a spindle axial position in a spindle radial direction relative to a first reference position and a tool side position measuring unit measuring the position of a tool post relative to a second reference position. The spindle side position measuring unit includes a first scale extending in the spindle radial direction and a first readout unit, one of a base end portion of the first scale and the first readout unit is disposed at a spindle axis and the other of the base end portion of the first scale and the first readout unit is disposed at the first reference position. One of a base end portion of a second scale and a second readout unit is disposed on the tool post and the other is disposed at the second reference position.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are disclosed for reducing a thickness of a thermomechanically-affected layer on an as-machined surface of a hard metal workpiece being machined by a hard cutting tool exerting a thermomechanical load on a surface of the workpiece. The method involves reducing the thermomechanical load on the surface of the workpiece, and the apparatus includes a means for reducing the thermomechanical load on the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: A temperature control system for a machine tool capable of quickly responding to an ambient temperature change. A mechanical section of the machine tool is surrounded by a machine cover. Gas of which temperature is controlled by a temperature controller is discharged from bearing portions of gas bearings in the mechanical section to a region surrounded by the machine cover through a pipe and a gas bearing channel. A branch pipe is provided for directly introducing a part of gas discharged from the temperature controller to a temperature sensor inside the machine cover. The temperature sensor measures the temperature of gas mixture obtained by mixing the gas introduced directly from the pipe with air inside the machine cover in a predetermined ratio. The result of measurement by the temperature sensor is fed back to the temperature controller to control the temperature of the gas supplied to the gas bearings.

Abstract: This invention is a method and apparatus for cutting a workpiece which may have interruptions, with a cutting insert having a cutting edge, where the cutting insert is held in a tool holder and is optionally supported by a shim. Coolant, which may contain liquid nitrogen, is introduced through a passageway to a cooling passage located near the cutting edge. The cooling passage may be located either under, behind, or under and behind the cutting edge. Coolant impacts the wall surfaces of the cooling passage near the cutting edge where it is partly evaporated thereby cooling the cutting insert.

Abstract: A spindle motor as a heating element and a spindle head having a spindle that is driven by the spindle motor are coupled to each other by a cooling flange. The cooling flange is provided with a cooling passage, the cross-sectional area of which gradually increases with distance from its gas inlet toward its gas outlet. When a high-pressure gas is injected into the cooling passage through the gas inlet, it is adiabatically expanded and cooled by the cooling passage having the gradually increasing cross-sectional area. Thus, the cooling flange restrains heat generated from the spindle motor from being transmitted to the spindle head.

Abstract: There is provided a machine tool apparatus provided with coolant supply passages for supplying a coolant in tools or tool mounts for mounting the tools. An oil coated water droplet generator/mixer is connected to the beginning end of the coolant supply passages, and a spray port having a smaller inner diameter than that of the coolant supply passages is connected to the termination end of the coolant supply passages such that the oil coated water droplets generated in an atomized state by the oil coated droplet generator/mixer flow in a liquid state through a coolant supply passages while having a droplet shape on a surface of which in the greater part of oil coated water droplets an oil film is formed and are sprayed again in an atmized state from the spray port.

Abstract: An indexable insert having a heat absorbing performance, and an indexable tool using the same. The indexable insert is attached, when used, to a shank or holder having fluid inlet and outlet passages. The heat absorption indexable insert comprises: a corridor-shaped cooling passage disposed inside of a plurality of corners and circulating the vicinities of the individual corners sequentially; and a connecting passage arranged in an end portion region of the cooling passage so as to communicate with the inlet passage and the outlet passage even when any corner is used.

Abstract: An indexable insert having a heat absorbing performance, and an indexable tool using the same.

Abstract: In a thermal equalization system a machine tool carriage preferably of aluminum but which could be made of other lightweight materials, a drilling spindle housing is mounted on the carriage. At least one spindle housing is be mounted said carriage to service work pieces mounted on a tooling plate of the work table for said spindle. The chiller unit is used to provide coolant to the spindle to compensate for the heat generated by the spindle during drilling. When the spindle is not drilling, excessive cooling of the spindle can result. Accordingly, the instant invention also includes, a conductive rubber heating pad which is attached to the spindle structure to provide a heat source for the system to compensate for excessive cooling when the drill is not generating heat. The temperature control maintains the temperature between the spindle housing, carriage and work table thereby minimizing temperature expansion differentials between the drilling position and the worktable position.

Abstract: The invention is an arrangement whereby fluid dynamics is used to provide a cooling effect to a cutting tool while in use. More specifically, the invention is based upon the principles that fluid expands when sent through a restricted diameter channel which concomitantly to expansion and reduced pressure also causes a markedly reduced temperature of the arrangement. A cooling element comprising a long, restricted channel arranged on a support plate in a tightly spaced continuous pattern and having an inlet for any desired cooling fluid and an outlet. Cooling fluids can be contained within the system for indefinite reuse or can be cycled through (i.e. air or water). Preferred cooling fluids are tap water or ambient air.

Abstract: A turn broaching machine for broaching a workpiece comprises a hollow arbor having a plurality of axially spaced apart, circumferentially extending cutting segments projecting radially outwardly from the side wall thereof. The cutting segments each have a radially outer peripheral edge provided with broaching elements. A closed loop system circulates a heated fluid through the arbor. The fluid is heated to an elevated temperature of about 100 F.-150 F. to maintain the arbor in a similarly heated condition during broaching. Maintaining the arbor at a relatively constant, elevated temperature during broaching stabilizes the broach by eliminating axial thermal expansion.

Abstract: A numerically controlled lathe includes a spindle, a hydraulic rotary cylinder driven by a pressurized working fluid for causing the spindle to rotate, a fluid pump for discharging the working fluid to be delivered to the hydraulic rotary cylinder, a reservoir for storage of the working fluid, first and second delivery conduits each having first and second ends, the first ends of the delivery conduits selectively connected to the fluid pump and the reservoir, and a fluid coupler for coupling the second ends of the delivery conduits with the hydraulic rotary cylinder.

Abstract: A temperature change of a machine tool which is influenced by a heat generating source is detected by a temperature sensor. A temperature change having substantially the same time constant as a time constant of a thermal distortion of the machine tool is calculated by using the detected temperature change. A machining error is corrected on the basis of the thermal distortion corresponding to the calculated temperature change. According to a method and an apparatus for compensating for the thermal distortion in the machine tool, it is possible to perform the compensation relative to the thermal distortion with high precision. The invention is applied to a machine tool such as a machining center and an NC lathe.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing thermal deformation of a machine tool has a feed unit which heats a heat transfer fluid and pumps it out to a heat exchanging portion. The heat exchanging portion has at least one heat exchanging unit capable of being expanded and shrunk in accordance with the heat transfer fluid therein. The heat exchanging unit is arranged in a prescribed portion of a machine tool. The portion of the machine tool is heated by the heat exchanging unit arranged therein, whereby thermal distribution of the machine tool is equalized and heat deformation thereof is suppressed. The heat transfer fluid passed through the heat exchanging unit is recovered by a discharging portion and fed back to the feed unit. The heat exchanging unit is maintained in an expanded state by controlling the flow rate of the fluid passing therethrough by a flow control valve, so that heat exchanging operation can be carried out effectively.

Abstract: A direct temperature sensing tool directly senses and provides feedback of the temperature of its cutting environment. The tool comprises a base body defining at least one cutting edge of the tool. A protective coating surrounds the base body and the cutting edge, the protective coating providing a friction-reducing surface for the tool. A thin film temperature sensing device, such as a thermocouple device, is disposed on the base body at a distance from the cutting edge. The temperature sensing device is encapsulated within the protective coating. An electrical connection is defined through the protective coating in electrical communication with the temperature sensing device. The tool is configurable with a machine tool so that the temperature sensing device is in communication with a conversion device of the machine tool for providing an indication of the temperature sensed by the temperature sensing device.

Abstract: Processing accuracy varying with thermal displacement of a machine body is automatically, rapidly adjusted. There is provided a temperature detector for detecting temperature in the vicinity of a bearing for an inner-tooth milling cutter. Based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector, temperature-related correction data to be used for correction of basic processing data is computed. In this case, the correction data related to the diameter of the circular path followed by the center of the inner-tooth milling cutter is obtained by calculating a magnification with respect to the basic processing data, while the correction data related to the center of the circular path is obtained by calculating a deviation from the basic processing data.

Abstract: The method and device are used for cooling the machining zone of a machine tool. According to a method for cooling the machining zone a gaseous cutting to a method for cooling the machining zone a gaseous cutting fluid that has previously been treated with in the field of a corona discharge initiated in an ionizer is fed to the machining zone at a rate not below the cutting speed, a controlled stabilized electric current being used for initiating a corona discharge, the intensity of the electric current is changed in accordance with a change in the rate of flow of the gaseous cutting fluid.

Abstract: A machining system including a machine tool having a workpiece holder and at least one cutting tool for machining a workpiece retained by the workpiece holder; a control for automatically controlling the machine tool; a material handling mechanism for loading and unloading workpiece material; and a hermetically sealed chamber enclosing the machine tool and the material handling mechanism. Also included in the system is a source of cryogen and a cryogen distribution network for directing cryogen toward the workpiece retained by the workpiece holder.

Abstract: A dynamic profiling system for measuring a profile of an outer surface of a moving motor component such as a commutator includes a movable probe assembly having a profile detecting probe and a probe cooling system for circulating a cooling liquid about the probe. The probe cooling system maintains the cooling liquid at a fixed temperature during circulation of the liquid. The detecting probe obtains profile measurement data from the outer surface of the rotating motor component when the motor component is at ambient and hot temperatures. Additionally data is collected while the commutator is rotating up to 4000 revolutions per minute. The system further includes a controller, an analog to digital converter for receiving and converting the data, and a monitor for displaying information processed by the controller.

Abstract: A process for removing chips jammed in a cavity of a workpiece produced during machining work by means of a jet of compressed air, wherein for quick, simple and complete removal of these chips a hot jet of compressed air is used at such a temperature and directed onto the chips for such a time that their rigidity is diminished until the chips can be removed from the cavity as a result of the jet of compressed air.

Abstract: A machine tool comprising:a toolholder for holding a tool;a spindle for detachably supporting the toolholder;a spindle support for rotatably supporting the spindle;a drive means for driving the spindle supported on the spindle support;a stop means for preventing the toolholder from rotating relative to the spindle support; anda cutting oil supply means for supplying a cutting oil to the tool via the stop means.

Abstract: A machine tool comprises a frame; a work holder operably associated with the frame; at least one carriage disposed on the frame and movable along an axis; at least one tool disposed on the carriage for operating on a work piece disposed in the work holder; at least one nozzle assembly disposed on the carriage for directing at least one fluid stream to the work piece and the tool; a screw-nut drive operably associated with the carriage, the drive including a lead screw; a device for stretching the lead screw for compensating for thermal growth of the screw during operation; and a resilient strip operably disposed between the frame and the carriage for absorbing impact forces.

Abstract: In summary, therefore, this invention is directed to a thermal growth detector and compensator for detecting and compensating for relative movement between a work holder of a machine tool and a tool holder, that includes an elongated rod made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion of substantially zero that is attached at one end thereof to a part of a machine tool, and is attached at another end thereof to a part of a work holder on the machine tool.

Abstract: In order to improve a device for the non-circular machining of workpieces comprising a machine frame, a workpiece spindle held on the machine frame and operated as C-axis for a workpiece to be machined, a Z-slide displaceable on the machine frame in the Z-direction in relation to the workpiece spindle and having a Z-axis drive, an X-axis drive in the form of a linear motor arranged on the Z-slide for advancing a tool in the X-direction towards the workpiece, and a numerical control system for activating the X-axis drive in correlation with the rotation of the workpiece spindle, such that more precise work results are obtained, it is proposed that the linear motor serving as X-axis drive be a three-phase asynchronous linear motor with a primary part fixedly arranged in the X-direction on the Z-slide and a secondary part movable relative to the primary part.

Abstract: Improved machining of various materials is disclosed by means of a material cutting insert having an internal fluid passageway which discharges a high velocity fluid jet stream in a particular manner. An improved method for use of the cutting insert is also disclosed along with apparatus employing the improvement.

Abstract: In machining a substrate surface of a photoreceptor by the use of a cutting machine which supplies cutting lubricant from a reservoir to a cutting tool of the cutting machine, the method comprises a measurement of a cutting tool temperature by a sensor and a control of both the temperature of cutting lubricant and a flow rate thereof. The control is responsive to the cutting tool temperature and suppresses a temperature fluctuation of the cutting tool.

Abstract: A headstock cooling system for a machine tool comprising a base having a top, bottom and a first fluid passageway extending centrally therethrough from the top to the bottom. A bed is mounted on the base top and provided with a second fluid passageway extending coaxially from the first fluid passageway and in fluid communication therewith. A headstock is mounted on the bed and is positioned coaxial with and directly above the second fluid passageway and includes means for communication with the second fluid passageway for directing a cooling fluid from the second fluid passageway out of the headstock thereby cooling the headstock over at least a substantial portion of the headstock.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the fragmentation and excavation of hard, solid materials such as rock formations is provided which comprises adding to the rock surface an aqueous solution including a high molecular weight nonionic polymer such as polyethylene oxide which is capable of hydrogen bonding with water to produce charge-neutralizing positive charge dipoles. The nonionic polymeric solution is thus capable of neutralizing the rock surface charge and obtaining a condition of zero surface charge (ZSC) so that the drilling, tunneling, cutting or other similar operation can be conducted with substantial increases in drilling performance and penetration rate. The method is also extremely effective in extending the lives of drill bits, cutting tools, grinding media, or other polishing or drilling tools such that an enormous savings in terms of replacing equipment can be achieved.

Abstract: A cutting tool equipped with a tool state detector which comprises temperature sensors and conductors which are placed on the tool. The invention is characterized in that two or more temperature sensors (10-13) are placed on the tool (1) at mutually different distances from the tool cutting edge (3), so that the temperature distribution in the tool (1), at least at the cutting edge (3) and its immediate vicinity, can be established from electric signal emitted by the sensors (10-13), and that at least some of the sensors are so placed that one or more of the sensors will be worn away in successive sequence as the tool (1) wears. The temperature sensors (10-13) are preferably thermoelements.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for machining processes involving the generation of frictional heat in which the workpiece is contacted by a coolant whose viscosity progressively increases with decreasing temperature and by a pressurized fluid that, upon expansion while undergoing a reduction in pressure, absorbs heat and cools the coolant and increases its viscosity to provide a consistency that enhances its lubricity to minimize the generation of frictional heat during the machining process while enhancing conductive heat transfer into the machining tool.

Abstract: Apparatus for the diamond machining of materials which detrimentally react with diamond cutting tools in which the cutting tool and the workpiece are chilled to very low temperatures. This chilling halts or retards the chemical reaction between the workpiece and the diamond cutting tool so that wear rates of the diamond tool on previously detrimental materials are comparable with the diamond turning of materials which do not react with diamond.

Abstract: A machine tool has a hollow drive spindle with a work holder attached thereto for holding work submerged in a machine liquid, such as mineral oil, contained in a machining chamber. The work is machined in the submerged state as a cutting tool is fed against the work rotating with the drive spindle. The machining liquid is additonally utilized for hydrodynamically loading the work on the work holder by drawing the liquid from the machining chamber into the hollow in the drive spindle, and for unloading the completed product from the work holder by forcing the liquid back into the machining chamber through the hollow in the drive spindle. A removable chip recovery vessel is provided for the recovery of the metal chips and particles from the machining liquid by recirculating it through the vessel. The machine tool can take various other arrangements for the performance of a variety of cutting operations.

Abstract: A drive for workpiece spindle of a machine tool comprises a drive motor to be arranged on the free end of a workpiece spindle, a motor housing, a rotor to be mounted on the workpiece spindle and a stator arranged in the motor housing. The motor housing is connectable with a spindle box and has a motor cover. Cooling medium passages extend between the motor housing and the motor cover, between the rotor and the workpiece spindle and between the spindle box and the rotor.

Abstract: Precision measuring machine (10) has a bed (12) with a tailstock (14) and headstock (16) mounted thereon. Anvils (36, 42) are respectively mounted on the tailstock and headstock. Duct walls enclose the lower portion of the bed so that fan (62) can move air therepast. Cap shrouds (72, 82) receive air from fan shrouds (68, 84) to flood air over the tailstock and headstock. Anvil shrouds (76, 90) respectively cover anvils (36, 42) and receive air through tubes (80, 92) to also flood the anvils with air. In this way, the precision measuring machine is bathed in ambient air to reduce dimensional changes due to temperature changes.

Abstract: A device which substantially compensates for the expansion or contraction of a machining apparatus to varying temperatures in and among the components of the machining apparatus links two axes of movement of the machining apparatus by providing a measurement axis defined by the intersection of a first vertical plane passing through the cutting tip of a cutting tool and a second vertical plane passing through the workface of a workpiece to be machined, and associating one end of a temperature-insensitive member with this measurement axis, the other end of the temperature-insensitive member being in the same vertical plane as a reference point which remains stationary with respect to the measurement axis regardless of the thermal growth of the components of the machining apparatus.

Abstract: The enhancement of rock fragmentation and rock excavation by neutralizing the rock surface charge with respect to the drilling, tunneling, cutting, grinding, or polishing fluid. Water-soluble, high-molecular-weight, nonionic polymers are employed to neutralize the surface charge on the rock, thereby promoting increased drilling, cutting, tunneling, grinding and polishing performance resulting in increases in drilling, tunneling, cutting, grinding and polishing penetration rate, extensions in bit, cutting tool, grinding media, and polishing tool life and dust suppression.

Abstract: A machine tool has a bed (1), a table (2), a column (3), a spindle head (4) movable along the column (3), a spindle (12) rotatably supported by the spindle head (4). The machine tool also has in the spindle head (4) a double structure having an inner wall (21), an outer wall (20) and an oil space formed between them. A cooling oil (22) through the oil space so as to cool the spindle head (4).

Abstract: This invention pertains to a head stock assembly for a chucker and bar machine which includes a special bearing system comprising three forward bearings and two rearward bearings for providing five point contacts to the spindle for maintaining stiffness and rigidity and improved accuracy in machining. It also includes cooling fin means for dissipating the heat about the bearings which would normally build up in a headstock after long periods of operation. The heat dissipation reduces growth of the headstock and therefore improves accuracy. In addition, the headstock assembly has mounted directly thereon a spindle encoder, a brake disc, a collet closer mechanism, a balancing disc, as well as a low pressure means for preventing cutting fluids and dust and dirt from entering into the bearing mechanism.