Abstract: An example method includes performing a machining operation by providing linear movement of a tool along a feed axis relative to a workpiece while superimposing oscillation of the tool onto the feed axis and providing rotation of the tool relative to the workpiece. During an optimization mode, the machining operation is performed on a first workpiece portion while providing the linear movement at an initial feed velocity, and sequentially superimposing the oscillating at a plurality of different frequencies. An optimal oscillation frequency is determined from the plurality of different frequencies which causes the tool to apply less force to the first workpiece portion at the initial feed velocity than others of the frequencies. During a run mode, the machining operation is performed on a second workpiece portion having a same composition as the first workpiece portion while superimposing the oscillation at the optimal oscillation frequency.

Abstract: A method for reducing vibrations originating in a mechanical processing for removal of swarf comprising monitoring the vibration resulting from contact between the tool and workpiece, detecting the occurrence of a regenerative vibratory phenomenon, calculating the frequency of the phenomenon, estimating a value representing a resonance frequency of the machine as a function of the frequency of the phenomenon and determining a threshold value on the basis of the value. Also, comparing the operating speed of the mandrel with the threshold value and reducing the intensity of the phenomenon by a first reduction strategy based on correction of the operating speed of the mandrel being greater than the threshold value or by a second reduction strategy based on a continuous modulation which imparts an oscillation to the speed around the value of the operating speed, when the operating speed of the mandrel is less than the threshold value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bit for processing the inside diameter of a work material, the bit having on the outer surface of a shank a vibration preventing structure comprising a vibration absorption body made of a silicone material, and a hollow wire rod, thereby absorbing the vibration generated from a machine tool, preventing resonance generated between the work material and a tool, and thus, enabling the implementation of a slickenside from ultra-precision machining.

Abstract: A drilling head (1) with an axial oscillation generator, includes a mounting (2) for coupling the head to a motor for rotating the mounting about an axis, the mounting (2) having a longitudinal axis (5) coinciding with the axis of rotation of the motor, a tool holder (3), an elastically deformable element (6) for retaining the tool holder (3) in the mounting (2) and an element (7) for guiding the tool holder (3) in the mounting (2) along the longitudinal axis (5) of the mounting, wherein the mounting of the drilling head includes a controlled generator (8) of reciprocating movements in the direction of the aforementioned axis (5) positioned between the mounting (2) and the tool holder, the tool holder and the generator being connected by a longitudinal coupling member (9) suitable for damping the impacts withstood by the tool holder while enabling the transmission of the reciprocating movements.

Abstract: A production machine for non-circular workpieces provided with a tool feed unit (1) comprising a tool carrier (2) for receiving the tool and a compensation body (3) for impulse decoupling. The work movement of the tool carrier (2) can be effected by a drive (4) acting between the tool carrier (2) and the compensation body (3). The tool carrier (2) is supported by rolling bodies (5) and the compensation body (3) is suspended via elastically deformable guide elements (6) at a housing part (7) of the tool feed unit (1). A mass of the compensation body (3) is larger than a mass of the tool carrier (2) carrying the tool so that the working movements of the tool carrier (2) effect compensation strokes of the compensation body (3) that are only within the range of the elastic deformation of the guide elements (6). The guide elements (6) thus effect the guiding and resetting of the compensation body (3).

Abstract: In the case of a method for chip-removing machining of workpieces (14), in particular for making bores in workpieces (14), wherein a tool (18) is put into rotation (20) relative to the workpiece (14) and the tool (18) is moved relative to the workpiece (14) with a feed motion, the tool (18) executes an oscillating motion in the direction (z) of the feed motion relative to the workpiece (14), a settable oscillation component being imparted to the feed motion through control means.

Abstract: First and second actuators where positive electrodes and negative electrodes are disposed on cylindrical electrostrictive polymers are disposed so as to face each other via a fixing member, a blade inserted into the first actuator is provided on the fixing member, and the blade is ultrasonically vibrated via the fixing member by driving one of the first and second actuators in a stretching and shrinking manner and driving the other in a stretching manner in synchronization with each other.

Abstract: A machine for machining workpieces, for example plastic spectacle lenses, has a workpiece spindle which rotates the workpiece about a workpiece rotation axis, and a fast tool arrangement which moves a turning tool in the direction to and from the workpiece, wherein the workpiece spindle and the fast tool arrangement can moreover be moved relative to one another in a direction transverse to the workpiece rotation axis. A tool holder is connected to the fast tool arrangement and carries the turning tool. An engraving tool is spaced from the workpiece rotation axis and has an essentially point-shaped end facing towards the workpiece. The engraving tool can be moved in the direction of the workpiece and away therefrom in a highly dynamic manner via the tool holder, so that a marking can be produced on the workpiece in particular by a needling engagement of the engraving tool with the workpiece.

Abstract: In a vibration cutting unit, a root portion of a holding member for supporting a vibration body is fixed on a fixed portion of a node portion which is common to axial vibration and bending vibration, on a jointless basis. Therefore, the node portion, namely, a vibration body main part is firmly fixed, thereby, the vibration body main part is supported stably, and vibrations of the vibration body main part is stabilized. In other words, vibrations under the mode where the vibration body main part cannot be controlled can be restrained, and works representing objects to be processed can be processed accurately.

Abstract: An exemplary cutting apparatus for cutting a workpiece includes a base, a cutting device and a first driving device. The cutting device is movably mounted on the base. The cutting device includes a first blade and a first vibrator. The first blade is movable in a moving direction toward the workpiece. The first vibrator is configured for vibrating the first blade to increase a shearing force applied to the workpiece. The first driving device is configured for driving the first blade to move.

Abstract: A tool holder (1) has a shaft (2) intended to be arranged in a tool holder in a manufacturing machine, a head (3) on which a cutter is intended to be arranged and a viscoelastic materials (4) arranged so that the cutter is in contact with the manufacturing machine solely via the viscoelastic material (4), in which at least those parts on the surface (5) of the shaft (2) that are intended to be in contact with the manufacturing machine are provided with the viscoelastic material (4). The viscoelastic material (4) is attached on a bearer material that is attached to the surface (5) of the shaft (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for damping vibrations and/or controlling the flexion of an object in machining, said device comprising at least one force exchange device which could be a force applying device or a damping device. A such force applying device is for applying a force having a force component directed at right angles to the surface of the object and/or for applying a moment to the object. A damping device of this type is for absorbing vibrations from the object and is adapted to absorb a force component directed at right angles to the surface of the object or to absorb a moment from the object.

Abstract: An angle adjusting mechanism or a linear axis of a processing machine is provided with a reciprocation device. A tool and a tool cutting mechanism are mounted on a moving part of the reciprocation device. A workpiece is processed by the tool based on a combination of the drive of the processing machine and the drive of the reciprocation device.

Abstract: An improved tool for attenuating vibration in a disk brake rotor during the machining (or facing) thereof using a disk brake lathe is described. In its most basic form, embodiments of the tool comprise a pair of substantially linear and parallel spaced apart legs that are fixedly coupled together by way of a coupling section proximate their proximal ends and have opposing pads attached to the opposing distal ends. An adjustable clamping mechanism is also provided through which the distance between the legs can be varied and/or the biasing force applied against opposing brake rotor surfaces can be varied by way of the legs acting through the pads.

Abstract: In the assembly of vibration body, the first width in the lateral direction (X axis direction) is greater than the second width in the longitudinal direction (Y axis direction) in the cross sectional form perpendicular to Z axis of the first portion on the tip side from the closest node position, thereby, the rigidity of a vibration body main part in the X axis direction can be enhanced, and lateral bending vibrations on fixing portion can be restrained. Consequently, an object can be processed highly accurately by the assembly of vibration body that is controlled with a high precision.

Abstract: Feed back vibrations of a metallic tool generated during the machining of metallic workpieces are damped by detecting an oscillatory motion of the tool, identifying a frequency of the oscillatory motion and generating a mechanical camping force having the same frequency as the oscillatory motion and applied to the tool in counter-direction to a velocity of the oscillatory motion. The damping force can be of constant amplitude or gradually decreasing amplitude.

Abstract: A method of controllably producing chips with a desired shape and size. The method generally entails machining a body with a cutting tool while superimposing modulation on the cutting tool so as to move the cutting tool relative to the body being machined and cause instantaneous and periodic separation between the cutting tool and the body at a point of contact between the cutting tool and the body, wherein each separation between the cutting tool and the body yields a chip. In this manner, the shapes and sizes of the chips are determined at least in part by the modulation cycle, and particularly the length of time the cutting tool is engaged with the body being machined.

Abstract: A tool holder assembly and method for intentionally inducing modulation in a machining process. The tool holder assembly is configured for mounting in a tool block on a machining apparatus and includes a tool holder body configured to be secured to the tool block of the machining apparatus, a tool holder mounted on the tool holder body and configured for securing a cutting tool thereto, and a device for imposing a superimposed modulation on the tool holder so as to move the cutting tool relative to the tool holder body and thereby relative to the tool. The tool holder assembly is useful in a process for producing chips having a desired shape and size, and particularly to a method of controllably producing nanocrystalline chips.

Abstract: A machine for machining optical workpieces, is equipped with a workpiece spindle, by which the workpiece can be rotatably driven about a workpiece rotation axis, and with a first fast-tool assembly, by which a turning cutter is movable in the direction of the workpiece and away from it. The workpiece spindle and the first fast-tool assembly are also movable relative to each other in a direction transverse to the workpiece rotation axis. Provided adjacent to and preferably in parallel configuration with the first fast-tool assembly is a second fast-tool assembly with a graver which has its end that faces the workpiece being essentially punctiform. The graver is movable by the second fast-tool assembly, in the direction of the workpiece and away from it, so that a marking of any geometry can be produced on the latter in the same span.

Abstract: A method for pre-scribing a workpiece to facilitate chip breaking when machining the workpiece on the same machine with the same tooling used for cutting, utilizing an invokable CNC cycle of the CNC machine completing the workpiece machining.

Abstract: A machining apparatus capable of irregularly forming a plurality of dimples on a surface of a workpiece in a short period of time. The machining apparatus includes a tool for machining a plurality of dimples on a surface of a workpiece, each dimple having a depth in a first direction; a drive unit for displacing the tool relative to the workpiece in the first direction and a second direction generally perpendicular to the first direction; a controller for controlling the drive unit so as to displace the tool relative to the workpiece in the first direction such that the tool cuts into or leaves the workpiece, while the tool is being moved relative to the workpiece in the second direction, wherein a trigger of the displacement of the tool in the first direction is timing calculated by using a second waveform, the second waveform being determined by comparing the magnitude of a first waveform with a predetermined threshold, at least one of frequency and amplitude of the first waveform being irregular.

Abstract: A device and method for vibration control in a machine for cutting, said machine comprising a cutting tool supported by a tool holder. The device comprises a control unit and converting means which are connectible to the control unit and comprise a vibration sensor and an actuator. The actuator comprises an active element which converts an A.C. voltage supplied by the control unit to the actuator into dimensional changes. Said active element is adapted to be embedded in the body of the tool holder and in such manner that said dimensional changes impart bending to the body of the tool holder.

Abstract: In the assembly of vibration body, the first width in the lateral direction (X axis direction) is greater than the second width in the longitudinal direction (Y axis direction) in the cross sectional form perpendicular to Z axis of the first portion on the tip side from the closest node position, thereby, the rigidity of a vibration body main part in the X axis direction can be enhanced, and lateral bending vibrations on fixing portion can be restrained. Consequently, an object can be processed highly accurately by the assembly of vibration body that is controlled with a high precision.

Abstract: An arrangement for reducing vibrations in a tool holder (4) with a cutting tool (3) and has a vibration sensor on the tool holder (4) that is connected to a guide unit (11). The tool holder (4) has further two piezo-electric actuators 14 and 15. Under the influence of the vibration sensor (9), the guide unit (11) provides an electric alternating current that is actively guided over time so that the actuators movably affect the tool holder (4) to reduce the vibrations in this. To also be able to dampen transients in the tool holder (4) this is movably connected with a passive dampening arrangement that is independent of the guide unit (11) and that is based on the principle of a springing (8) suspended mass (7). The invention also relates to a method for reducing vibrations. The vibrations in the tool holder are sensed and a corresponding signal is provided to a guide unit that over time provides actively guided signals to the actuators.

Abstract: A clip engages a pair of legs of a vibration attenuator to reduce the local separation of the legs, thereby increasing the force of friction pads, affixed to the legs, against a brake disk to compensate for reduced thickness of the friction pads due to wear. The clip has a first end region, which can preferably be snappably engaged with one of the legs so as to pivot thereabout. The clip has a second end region with a protrusion which can be engaged with the other leg so as to restrain it at the reduced separation. Preferably, a second protrusion is provided to allow restraining the other leg at an even smaller local separation from the leg that is rotatably engaged by the first end region. A tab preferably extends beyond the first protrusion to aid in engaging and disengaging the second end region from the other leg.

Abstract: A barstock bar feeder with a guide channel for encasing a barstock in a electro- or magneto-rheological hydrostatic oil bearing. Electro- or magneto-field generators are provided along the guide channel for selectively applying a field to the guide channel for changing the viscosity of the oil in the guide channel to dampen barstock vibration in the barfeeder.

Abstract: A device increases the surface smoothness of a turned surface. The device comprising a control system with a control unit and an actuator connectible to the control unit and connectible with a tool holder. The actuator in adapted to impart a vibrating motion in the lateral direction to the tool holder. A method will also increase the surface smoothness of a turned surface, comprising the step of controlling the vibrations of the tool holder during turning. The method also comprises the step of imparting a vibrating motion in the lateral direction to the tool holder. Moreover, a turning lathe and a turning tool holder which like the device are designed to generate vibrating motion in the lateral direction.

Abstract: An elliptical vibratory cutting apparatus includes a control mechanism which applies a sinusoidal voltage having a predetermined phase difference to piezoelectric elements. Flexure vibrations are accordingly generated in X and Y directions. The vibrations in the X direction cause interference with the vibrations in the Y direction and vice versa. An amount of interference, caused by vibrations in one direction, with vibrations in another direction, is correctively eliminated by the control mechanism (interference eliminating unit. A workpiece is thus cut by means of a cutting tool through elliptical vibrations with high precision.

Abstract: A workpiece is cut by a cutting tool that is attached to a cylindrical support body vibrated by at least two piezoelectric drive elements. The efficiency of the mechanical vibration is improved by attaching the piezoelectric drive elements to a cylindrical body portion (7,7.1,7.2) of the tool support body (2) and by providing the support body with a plurality of necked-down end sections. At least the cylindrical body portion (7,7.1,7.2) is a cylinder with a substantially circular cross-section or with a circular cross-section to provide a constant or a substantially constant bending rigidity of the cylindrical tool support body.

Abstract: A device in a tool holding assembly for axially moving a rotatable shaft on which is arranged at a first end of the shaft a device for performing work during rotation of the shaft includes an electric motor for rotating the shaft, and at least one bearing radially supporting the shaft and permitting movement of the shaft in the axial direction. The shaft has a second end forming a free end and an electromagnetic mechanism is arranged to affect or operate on the second end of the shaft to draw the shaft in the axial direction from the first end to the second end against the affect of pressure acting against the second end of the shaft in the opposite axial direction. A mechanism controls the electromagnetic mechanism to achieve axial movement of the shaft during rotation of the shaft.

Abstract: It is provided a support and guide device for small machine tools, in particular for rotating-mass balancing machines, comprising: a base element (2), at least one moving element (3) in engagement with the base element (2), support elements (4) for the moving element (3), and drive members (5) controlling shiftings of the moving element (3), the support elements (4) comprising at least one elastically deformable thin sheet (7) oscillatably supporting the moving element (3), and the drive members (5) being active on the moving element (3) to shaft the latter against the action of the elastically deformable thin sheet (7).

Abstract: A shock-absorbing device is intended to be mounted on a spindle headstock of a machine tool. The spindle headstock includes a motor driven spindle unit connected to an upright by a support. The shock-absorbing device comprises a yieldable structure connected on one side to the spindle unit and on the other side to the support, and is adapted to yield upon an accidental collision of the spindle headstock against a workpiece. A collision sensor or is associated with the yieldable structure for detecting the yielding thereof resulting from an accidental collision of the spindle headstock with a workpiece, and for transmitting in response thereto a signal to a machine tool control unit.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and controller for machining non-circular work pieces. The apparatus, method and controller are preferably used in combination with rotating, equipment, such as a turning center having an x-y table capable of gross movements. The apparatus includes at least one position sensor for deriving an angular position signal of the work piece, a preferably longitudinally-disposed, flexible tool holder attached to a rigid tool block which holds the machine tool, a preferably solid state vibration actuator imparting active vibrational forces to the end of the tool holder, thus vibrating the machine tool at high frequency to impart the desired ovality to the work piece, and a control system for generating the output signal to the vibration actuator. Preferably, the control system includes manually adjusted magnitude and phase thereby providing a non-circular work piece profile with the desired ovality and positioning thereof.

Abstract: An adaptor is inserted between a cutting tool and a clamping section of a tool machine. The adaptor comprises a tool clamping part holding the tool, and an adaptor clamping part which is held by the machine. Between the two parts there is a bearing which controls the relative movement between the two parts in such a manner that this movements does not influence machined geometry, dimension or surface of the work piece machined by the tool, to any significant degree, and an elastic damping member which ensures that a possible relative movement between two parts is damped down to a desired degree. Possible vibrations in the tool are thereby kept down on a level where they do not contribute to amplify the normal sound pressure from the machining operation, and an efficient noise suppression is achieved.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for supporting a beam having a longitudinal axis. The apparatus includes a clamping assembly that surrounds and grips a portion of the beam. The clamping assembly is relatively compliant to deflections of the beam in at least one direction transverse to the axis, but relatively resistant to axial displacements of the beam and to torsional rotations of the beam about the axis. The apparatus further includes at least one actuator situated externally to the beam and arranged to urge the beam in the compliant direction or directions.

Abstract: The present invention provides vibration damping method and apparatus that can damp vibration in more than one direction without requiring disassembly, that can accommodate varying tool dimensions without requiring re-tuning, and that does not interfere with tool tip operations and cooling. The present invention provides active dampening by generating bending moments internal to a structure such as a boring bar to dampen vibration thereof.

Abstract: A cutting method using a vibratory cutting tool enables efficient creation of chips by breaking or separating of chips, and can retard both a deterioration of machined surface roughness of a workpiece and an increase in cutting resistance. The vibration of the cutting tool is controlled so that the following expressions are satisfied when letting a period of rotation of a workpiece be T, a period of vibration of the cutting tool be t.sub.total, the time required for the cutting edge to move from a farthest position in the feed direction to a farthest position in the direction opposite to the feed direction be t.sub.d, and the time required for moving from the farthest position in the direction opposite to the feed direction to a next farthest position in the feed direction be t.sub.u in the period of vibration of the cutting edge: T.apprxeq.t.sub.total .times.n+t.sub.d, where n is 0 or a positive integer; and t.sub.d .noteq.t.sub.u.

Abstract: With a device for reciprocating a cutting tool in small steps, the cutting tool is reciprocated in small steps in such a way that a feed mark (track of the cutting tool on the workpiece) is inverted each time the workpiece makes a round, by which the chip is varied in width and cut at a track crossing portion during the machining. Thus, chips are broken into short pieces so that the cutting efficiency and the cutting quality are improved and that the chip disposal is facilitated. Moreover, a safe turning process can be achieved.

Abstract: A dynamic infeed control is used to segment swarf produced in a lathing operation into short manageable segments. The preferred dynamic method for segmenting the swarf is to add a sine wave motion to the nominal infeed motion. The amplitude of the sine wave is 0.5 times the nominal infeed, although this may vary somewhat due to the properties of the specific material being machined. The frequency of the sine wave is a non-zero integral multiple of the rotational frequency of the lens plus 0.5. Thus the minimum sine wave frequency will be 1.5 times the rotational frequency of the lens and this factor may increase by increments of 1. In equation form, W.sub.SW =(n+0.5).times.W.sub.RL where W.sub.SW is the frequency of the sine wave, W.sub.RL is the rotational frequency of the lens and n is an integer equal to or greater than 1. Thus relative minima and maxima are created during one lens rotation that correspond to the relative maxima and minima on the next lens rotation, respectively.

Abstract: A disc brake lathe for machining a brake disc on a vehicle without removing the brake disc from the vehicle but only the wheel and other parts of the brake mechanism. The disc brake lathe comprises a power drive unit for rotating a brake disc on the vehicle and a lathe head having at least one cutting tool for machining a brake disc while the brake disc on the vehicle is rotated by the power drive unit. The lathe head is adapted to be mounted on the vehicle for machining a brake disc on the vehicle and includes a motor for power feeding of the at least one cutting tool during machining. The vibration of the lathe head during machining, which causes rough surface finish on the machined brake discs, is avoided or reduced by the provision of a vibration dampener which is attached to the lathe head for absorbing energy of vibration.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling machining chip and the length of such chip make use of a lathe tool support on which an electromagnetic tool mount is disposed. The electromagnetic tool mount comprises a front clamping block and a rear clamping block for holding a machining tool. An electromagnetic coil located between the front and the rear clamping blocks is provided at the center thereof with a throgh hole for receiving the machining tool. The resumption and the interruption of power supply to the electromagnetic coil are regulated by the amplified signals sent out by an oscillation controlling circuit. The magnitude of power voltage and the cycle of power resumption of the electromagnetic coil are so adjusted as to facilitate the magnetization and the demagnetization of the machining tool. The machining chip is broken by a magnetically induced thrust and a shearing force generated by the rotation of the machining tool.

Abstract: A metal turning chip breaking apparatus includes an impulse actuator in the form of a piezoelectric element that rapidly expands and contracts in response to a rapidly applied and removed voltage. This, in turn, is used to impulsively move a cutter support in a matching fashion, causing a cutter to rapidly withdraw from and return to the cut in a chopping action. This breaks up the chip, which would otherwise form continuously. There is no need to synchronize the incremental motion of the cutter with the rotation of the workpiece.

Abstract: An apparatus for machining a non-circular workpiece such as a piston wherein a tool is moved back and forth against the workpiece in accordance with profile data defining a desired final shape of the workpiece while the workpiece is rotated at a predetermined speed. The tool is moved by a composite movement of a linear motor driven in accordance with low frequency command values, and a piezoelectric actuator driven in accordance with high frequency command values. A numerical controller of the apparatus calculates the low frequency command values using a first Fourier series and the high frequency command values using a second Fourier series. Coefficients of the first and second Fourier series are determined using least square method in such a way that errors contained in the low and high frequency command values becomes within a predetermined limit.

Abstract: A vibrating cutting tool capable of making uniform micro-vibrations at the cutter edge generated during machining. The vibrations at the cutter edge are transmitted to balls biassed by springs, compressing the springs. The vibrations are transmitted from the balls through the output shaft back to the cutter edge. While the cutting force is small, the amplitude of vibration of balls is relatively large. When it increases, the holder acts on the balls more than the spring does so that vibration is suppressed. As a result, the amplitude of vibration becomes uniform.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for balancing tools 16 is disclosed which may uniquely characterize a needed balance for each of the individual tools 16 and which may then store the needed balance conditions so as to use the balancing data upon every use of the individual tool 16. This balance is achieved, in one embodiment, by the movement of certain balancing objects 28 from a balance containment member 22 to cavities 26 within a balance reception member 24. Should the original balance condition falter, the apparatus and methodology of this invention allow the balance conditions to be updated, dynamically, and to be stored for later use.

Abstract: A vibration machining method and device in which a cutting tool is vibrated as its cutting edge cuts a workpiece. The cutting tool is so positioned that its cutting edge is inclined at a specific angle relative to the cutting speed direction, and the cutting tool is vibrated in a direction along its cutting edge, whereby the cutting fluid is allowed to readily reach the cutting point and there is no necessity of restricting the cutting speed so that the machining efficiency is improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high speed turning machine for machining a rotating workpiece to have a predetermined profile surface by using a cutting tool mounted on a pivotal tool holder that is reciprocated rapidly toward and from the workpiece surface. An armature of a linear motor is mounted on the pivotal toolholder. The toolholder is mounted in frictionless bearings. The armature is positioned on the toolholder relative to the tool and its pivot axis to provide a substantial mechanical advantage.

Abstract: The formation of intermittent chips or chip breakage are assured while machining a rotating workpiece by causing the undeformed chip thickness to vary periodically and be reduced to zero in each period of its variation. To obtain the periodic reduction of the undeformed chip thickness to zero, a cutting tool is made to oscillate along its feed advance path. Tool oscillation is controlled so that the tool's position depends on the angular displacement of the rotating workpiece. The number of cycles of tool oscillation per revolution of the workpiece may be freely chosen depending on the required length of chip segments. The oscillation amplitude needed to form intermittent chips depends on this number, feed advance per revolution, and number of simultaneously applied cutting edges of the tool. The oscillatory movement of the tool may be enforced in many ways.

Abstract: An apparatus which moves a tool back and forth in synchronism with rotation of a workpiece with respect to the workpiece to machine the workpiece into a non-circular shape. The tool is attached to a tool mount placed on a tool mount table which is connected to be moved in a direction perpendicular to the axis of a spindle by a motor. The tool is connected to be moved in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the spindle with respect to the tool mount by a high speed actuator. Profile generating movement of the tool is thus provided by a combination of movement provided by the motor and movement provided by the high speed actuator. The high speed actuator is controlled in accordance with high frequency components included in profile data while the motor is driven in accordance with low frequency components included in the profile data. As a result, the responsiveness in profile generating movement of the tool is improved, and high speed machining of a non-circular workpiece is enabled.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a body provided at one end with a surface of revolution. The axis of the apparatus is aligned with a predetermined longitudinal axis of the body. The apparatus including a mechanism for the compensation of the oscillations of the free end of the body. The apparatus is disposed around an assembly comprising a mandrel at the end of a flexible rotatable shaft, the mechanism including a bearing surrounding a component of the assembly. A plurality of means generating oscillating mechanical forces against the bearing means are guided by signals derived from rotation of the shaft to provide phase and amplitude synchronization and compensation of the oscillations of the free end of the body.