Abstract: An automatic packaging system for dry lasagna noodle product includes a vacuum drum which automatically lifts a top layer of lasagna noodle from a bottom layer. The layers are travelling on a conveyor belt. The vacuum drum replaces the top layer back onto the conveyor belt behind the bottom layer. A water knife cutter is disposed downstream from the vacuum drum. The water knife cuts the lasagna in half. An inspection/rejection station is disposed downstream from the water knife cutter. The inspection/rejection station inspects piece of lasagna to ensure that it is of uniform shape and satisfies a predetermined minimum quality standard. A swing conveyor is disposed downstream from the inspection/rejection station. The swing conveyor transmits the lasagna onto one of two travelling conveyors. The travelling conveyors transmits the lasagna onto a loading conveyor. The loading conveyors transmits the lasagna into a bucket in a bucket indexer station.

Abstract: A process and an extrusion arrangement are suggested for cutting extruded hollow profiles while heated from the extruding process heat into the required lengths by means of a high-energy beam or jet moved along with the extruding operation. The interior of the extruded hollow profile is filled with a light-weight material at least at the cutting points. The light-weight material is advantageously an expansive foam mass, such as an aluminum foam or a plastic foam. The filling of the extruded hollow profile takes place either by coextrusion or by way of an arbor or a hollow-chamber bottom die of the extrusion arrangement.

Abstract: An arrangement for processing material with a liquid jet comprising a laser for emitting a laser beam. The arrangement includes a processing module having a nozzle duct connected to a liquid supply line for forming a liquid jet. The nozzle duct has an intake opening lying in an intake opening plane. An optical element couples the laser beam into the liquid jet, and the optical element of the laser beam is focused in a focusing point range and into the intake opening plane of the nozzle duct. The liquid supply line for the nozzle duct defines an area formed above the nozzle intake opening having a height dimensioned relative to the cross-sectional area of the intake opening such that the area above the nozzle intake opening does not include a liquid retaining chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacture of duckbill valves in which the opposed lips of the valve are split by applying a high fluid pressure inside the valve. This pressure causes the valve to balloon and burst. Preferably, the valve is supported over all of its outer surface except the end to be split by a die. The system is particularly suited to duckbill valves made of thermoplastic elastomer.

Abstract: A method for cutting the leader of the web in a paper or board machine in the dryer section of the machine by a jet of pressurized water. The web is placed against the drying wire when it is being cut, and the jet is directed at the web from the free side of the web. The water jet pressure used is from about 40 bar to about 400 bar, preferably from about 100 bar to about 350 bar, which is produced by an ordinary pressure washer.

Abstract: A sound reduction system (40) reduces noise generated by a fluid cutting jet (10). The fluid cutting jet moves along a predetermined path of travel to pass the stream across another object (14) for cutting the object. The system includes a tank (42) for collecting the liquid stream from the fluid cutting jet. A plurality of tubes (46) are supported in the tank for directing the liquid stream into the tank. The tubes are arranged side-by-side in the tank along the path of travel of the stream. The tubes are positioned in the tank with their upper collection ends (54) extending above the tank and their lower drainage ends (52), directed towards the bottom of the tank. A cover (64) caps the collection ends of the tubes. A thin aperture (63) is formed in the cover to allow entry of the liquid stream into the tubes.

Abstract: A shaped and pierced hollow workpiece is made by first confining a hollow metal blank in a cavity of a die which has an inner surface and is formed with a lateral compartment. The blank is internally pressurized to press it outward against the inner surface of the cavity while forming at the compartment an outwardly projecting bulge. A tool is pressed against an outer surface of the bulge and the bulge is pressed inward so as to at least partially to invert it and press a central portion of the bulge against an opposite inside wall of the blank. A hole is then machined through the blank where the central portion of the bulge engages the opposite inside wall.

Abstract: An apertured film for use as a topsheet in absorbent products wherein the film is apertured and includes a plurality of micro-holes and a plurality of large-sized holes. A method of forming the film is disclosed, as well as an absorbent product incorporating the apertured film as a topsheet. The method includes the step of supporting the starting film on a backing member which has recessed zones into which the film may be deformed. In the preferred embodiment, fluid in the form of columnar streams is directed from at least two sets of orifices against the upper surface of the starting film. The orifices of the first set have a diameter greater than 10 mils, and the orifices of the second set have a diameter less than or equal to 10 mils. The fluid is discharged from the smaller orifices at a pressure of at least 500 psig, and the fluid is discharged from the larger orifices at a pressure less than 500 psig.

Abstract: A process for producing a hollow body provided with a transverse branch, in a forming tool from a tubular metal section, which process uses an internal high pressure forming technique. The process provides for the crown of the branch to be punched out by a platen (which supports the branch during its formation), at an internal pressure which is higher than the maximum production internal pressure (Pilmax). The end face of the platen at its head end is for this purpose of a larger dimension than the active supporting face and has a cutting edge which peripherally surrounds the active supporting face, in the manner of a collar.

Abstract: A papermaking machine uses a low pressure water jet mounted on a pneumatic actuator for movement at least as fast in the cross machine direction as the paper web moves in the machine direction for a distance of 2 to 12 inches. The jet rapidly cuts a tail with a blunt edge of 2 to 12 inches wide from the web. The actuator is mounted on a screw or belt driven carriage to traverse the web and expand the tail after it has been threaded through the dryer section until the tail encompass the entire web and thus completes the threading process. A controller coordinates an air jet positioned beneath a doctor blade and a vacuum suction roll which engages the last press roll. The air jet and vacuum suction roll are actuated when the blunt end of the tail engages the doctor blade. In this way a tail with little or no streamer is formed and blown onto a dryer fabric supported on a vacuum suction roll which leads the tail into a single tier dryer section.

Abstract: A papermaking process dry end slabbing method using high pressure fluid cutting moves generally parallel to a spool at the end of the papermaking process. The process removes multiple layers of unwanted paper which may be of the wrong grade, poor quality, mis-spooled or otherwise damaged from the spool. A first method uses a carriage mounting an articulated cutter. Vertically extensible pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders and anti-oscillation and thrust support telescopic stanchions displace the cutter in response to input from a set of sensors used to detect a surface of the paper. A track embedded in the floor guides the carriage generally parallel to the spool. The track can be a geared rack, a rail, a channel defined in the floor or a wire embedded in the floor. A driven pinion gear or wheel, undriven foot or wheel, or sensing equipment disposed within the carriage interacts with the track to guide the carriage.

Abstract: A method of removing labels utilizing an associated delabeling apparatus has a spaced pair of label removal stations for alternatively receiving inline objects from a supply conveyor. Each station includes a carrier carrying a set of spaced fluid jet cutters each at a cutting location for registration with a labeled object. An actuator is connected to the carriers for alternatively moving them from respective start to stop positions and return to traverse each cutter from a bottom to a top end of a registered label to cut it end to end. Each location has a fluid nozzle positioned to emit a stream of fluid against a label being removed and a friction finger element to assist in label removal.

Abstract: A method for cutting an extruding honeycomb structure by a jet of high pressure water. The jet is controlled in position to assure a smooth, straight cut perpendicular to the extruding direction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for piercing a pair of aligned holes through both sides of a tube combined with the process of hydroforming the tube to final shape. After the tube is expanded and internally pressurized between upper and lower dies, a punch is driven forcefully through a cross passage in the die and through both walls of the tube, one after the other. The end of the punch is bored out sufficiently to leave a sharp edge that cuts a first slug, and the first slug is wedged into the end of the punch. The opposed wall of the tube is backed by a female die button with a cylindrical cutting edge concentric to, and equal in diameter to, the end of the punch. The end of the punch enters the die button to cleanly shear out a second hole, pushing a stack of two slugs into the die button. A pressure feed orifice properly located enters the still pressurized tube at this point, feeding positive pressure to the punch bore to blow the slugs off and out of the die button.

Abstract: An arrangement for cutting the leader of the web in a paper or board machine in the dryer section of the machine by a jet of pressurized water. The web is placed against the drying wire when it is being cut, and the jet is directed at the web from the free side of the web. The water jet pressure used is from about 40 bar to about 400 bar, preferably from about 100 bar to about 350 bar, which is produced by an ordinary pressure washer.

Abstract: An apparatus for directing a selected fluid to a movable substrate includes a nozzle connected to a movable support, and a supplying mechanism for providing the fluid to the nozzle at a pressure which provides for a selected fluid flow rate from the nozzle. The supplying mechanism includes a torque conduit section which has a longitudinal torque axis thereof and is configured to absorb torsional energy produced by moving the support. An actuating servo rotates the support to move the cutter nozzle along a selected cutting path, and the actuating servo has a servo axis of rotation which is arranged substantially collinear with the longitudinal axis of the torque tube conduit section.

Abstract: A method for producing a three dimensional laminated decal composite having a predetermined configuration with top edges being curved or arcuate. The method includes providing a decal support for supporting a decal, and securing a decal to the decal support to produce a laminated decal composite. A thermal die is produced with a die base and at least one cutting ridge secured to the die base. The cutting ridge in vertical cross-section is essentially shaped as an isosceles triangle with a preferred height of about 0.09 inches. The laminated decal composite is die-cut with the cutting ridge of the thermal die having a cutting temperature, a cutting pressure and a cutting dwell time to produce a three dimensional laminated decal composite having a predetermined configuration. A three dimensional laminated decal composite produced in accordance with the method.

Abstract: A clipped tail, which is the severed lead end of a paper web tail formed on a papermaking machine, is produced in the tail supported on a roll by combining the operation of a water jet, which projects a high pressure stream of water and is moved laterally to sever the tail transversely to its direction of travel, with the operation of a doctor having a blade, which moves with the water jet and which lifts and deflects the tail clip and following tail from the roll. An air stream is used to guide the tail downstream of the doctor blade. Both the water jet and doctors are mounted on a traversing apparatus to move transversely together across the traveling tail to automatically produce the tail clip and direct it to thread the downstream portion of the papermaking machine.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that allows the removal of solid material from a workpiece utilizes a high velocity stream of ice which is caused to impinge on the workpiece. A working liquid, such as water, is supplied at high pressure to a discharge nozzle with an orifice for forming the needle-like stream. The water is cooled before it reaches the nozzle to a temperature below its freezing point so that at least some of the stream is transformed to ice. Optionally, the stream is cooled after it is emitted from the orifice by flowing an envelope of cryogenic gas around the emitted stream. The apparatus includes an inner conduit that carries the working liquid through a cutting tool where the liquid is at least partially solidified by an evaporator that utilizes a cryogenic fluid to cool the working liquid.

Abstract: Broke handling and reducing apparatus and method for comminuting a moving continuous sheet or web material such as paper broke in the dryer or converter section of a papermaking machine, includes a plurality of high pressure water jet cutting nozzles mounted in spaced-apart relation transversely to the direction of movement of the material and are mounted so as to direct high pressure cutting jets into the path of movement. The nozzles are mounted so that at least some of the nozzles are cyclically moved with respect to others of said nozzles to form a plurality of mutually intersecting jet cutter paths to reduce the material into a multiplicity of smaller discrete or easily separable pieces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for cutting the edge of a fibre web (4) in a paper machine. In the method, water nozzles (13a, 13b) are Conducted in a transverse direction with respect to the edge of the fibre web (4) so that the place where the cut comes against the surface of the yankee cylinder of the drying unit varies. The apparatus comprises water nozzles (13a, 13b) used for cutting, pipes (14a, 14b), a base (16), and a pneumatic cylinder (17) by which the water nozzles (13a, 13b) are deflected both in a longitudinal and transverse direction with respect to the fibre web (4).

Abstract: A fruit slicing apparatus and process severs cherries or small fruits into two hemispherical sections without slicing the interior pit. A rotatably-driven transport wheel receives the fruit into a valley produced by a pair of resiliently deflectable gripping members. As the wheel is rotated, a pair of pincher plates press against the gripping members to engage the fruit in a secured position with respect to the gripping members. While the fruit is held securely in place, a fluid jet emits a fruit slicing fluid which slices the piece of fruit into two hemispherical sections while leaving the pit intact.

Abstract: A product order specification change system for a corrugation machine having a slitter-scorer device and a plurality of cutoff devices for producing corrugated board sheets having various widths and lengths, includes a cutting apparatus wherein at an order change where specifications for the sheet width are changed from one order to the next, a region is formed between the leading end of the new order sheets and the trailing end of the old order sheets, wherein a transitional slit groove is cut connecting a slit groove of the old order sheets with a slit groove of the new order sheets. As a result, the web can be stably transferred through stages of the machine, the cutting dimension accuracy can be maintained precisely, and faults such as jamming can be eliminated.

Abstract: A method for cutting of the leader of the web in a paper or board machine in the drying section of the machine by a jet of pressurized water. According to the method, the web is placed against the drying wire when it is being cut, and the jet is directed at the web from the free side of the web. The water-jet pressure used is about 40 bar to about 400 bar bar, preferably about 100 bar, which is produced by an ordinary pressure washer.

Abstract: Wet blasting utilizing a high pressure liquid stream to clean, cut or drill a targeted surface is provided with improved efficiency by degassing the liquid stream. Deaeration of the liquid stream reduces atomization of the high pressure stream as it exits the blast nozzle and is directed against the targeted surface so as to improve the efficiency of the stripping action and improve pump efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus for in-die piercing of a tube as it is hydroformed creates a sharp edged, non countersunk hole, while sealing against pressurized fluid loss and ejecting the slug cleanly from the apparatus. A sharp edged die button inset into one of a pair of die blocks includes a hole shaped cutting edge surrounded by a compliant face seal flush with the cavity between the die blocks. A plunger is slidable within a central bore in the die button from a closed position flush with the cutting edge to a partially retracted pierce position, and finally to a further retracted ejection position. An ejection chute in the same die block opens into the bore at one end, at a point between the pierce and ejection positions of the plunger, and also opens at the other end out of the die block. The plunger is sealed relative to the die button bore. The plunger is retained in closed position until the tube is fully hydroformed to final shape, and the outer surface of the tube engages the face seal.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for forming and gripping a beginning of a web of a replacement roll. At least one suction ledge is placed on an outer layer of the roll in a position in which the suction ledge extends parallel to the axis of the roll. The outer layer is raised by the suction ledge so that the outer layer is tensioned. The tensioned outer layer is cut parallel to and on the waste paper side of the suction ledge. Finally, the web beginning is lifted off by the suction ledge.

Abstract: A computer-controlled robot cutting system for making angled or beveled cuts along a preselected path in a workpiece having a generally planar cutting surface. A cutting knife, such as a high-intensity fluid jet, is pivotably mounted in a support frame having two pairs of arcuate guides disposed at right angles to each other for motor-driven rotation of the cutting knife about orthogonal axes. The centers of curvature of both guides lie on a critical plane containing a pivot point about which the cutting knife pivots. An opposing workpiece gantry with horizontal and vertical slides for motor-driven translation of the workpiece along two axes also includes means for holding the workpiece such that its surface to be cut faces the cutting knife and lies in the critical plane. The workpiece is thus translated to define the cutting path on the obverse surface, while the cutting knife is pivoted to define the entry angle of the cut along the cutting path.

Abstract: A fluid cutting system of improved configuration provides a high-velocity fluid that is rotated about a first axis (preferably a horizontal axis) on a moving trolley. The trolley is rotationally supported about a second axis (preferably vertical). The trolley travels upon a pair of arc-shaped tracks and is driven by a motor drive. The trolley has a pair of arc-shaped tracks that support the fluid jet nozzle. The fluid nozzle is thus rotatable about two axes, thereby emitting a high-pressure stream of fluid for adjustable cutting. A workpiece positioning frame has a fish section holder that can be elevated or moved laterally with respect to the cutting system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that allows the removal of solid material from a workpiece utilizes a high velocity stream of ice which is caused to impinge on the workpiece. A working liquid, such as water, is supplied at high pressure to a discharge nozzle with an orifice for forming the needle-like stream. The water is cooled before it reaches the nozzle to a temperature below its freezing point so that at least some of the stream is transformed to ice. Optionally, the stream is cooled after it is emitted from the orifice by flowing an envelope of cryogenic gas around the emitted stream.

Abstract: A system for controlling the liquid pressure for a liquid cutting dispenser includes an intensifier for producing a predetermined constant pressurized liquid through a conduit to the cutting dispenser. A plurality of reducing dispensers are connected to the conduit and selectively controlled to reduce the pressure from the predetermined pressure of liquid. By actuating different combinations of reducing dispensers having different jewel sizes, variable pressures are obtained. The selection and duration of the reducing dispensers are programmed into memory along with a path a robot is to follow to allow automated cutting with variable pressures.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the excision and removal of tissue, such as the lens of the eye includes a pencil-like handpiece having a cannula probe extending from the distal end thereof. The probe includes an inner jet tube to direct a high pressure jet of fluid toward a tissue target, and an outer concentric aspiration tube to aspirate and remove fluid and tissue. The jet tube is recessed proximally within the concentric aspiration tube, and the aspiration tube has an end area significantly larger than the end area of the jet tube. These factors cooperate so that the negative pressure exerted by the aspiration tube creates a suction force that offsets and exceeds the force of the fluid jet. The jet tube is connected to a fluid pressure system including a positive displacement pump, a pressure regulator, safety release, control valve, and a pulse former.

Abstract: A method for severing work objects constructed of laminate materials including establishing a high pressure jet of fluid passing substantially along a longitudinal axis; placing the work object and the jet of fluid in alignment with each other so that the jet of fluid intersects the work object; and moving the work object and jet of fluid relative to each other to sever the work object with the jet of fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing diced food product includes a endless wire mesh conveyor belt for supporting food product to be diced. In one embodiment, a plurality of high pressure water jet nozzles are spaced apart on a water manifold that extends in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor belt and is reciprocative across the conveyor belt. The jets of water pass through the product, the belt and a slotted grid matching the spacing of the water jets. In one specific arrangement, the nozzles extend over a length at least equal to twice the length of transverse movement of the manifold less the distance between adjacent nozzles, and the speed of movement of the manifold and conveyor belt are equal, whereby to produce diced food product of square configuration. In another arrangement, the speed of movement of the manifold or belt is made faster or slower than the other, whereby to produce diced product of diamond configuration.

Abstract: A method for cutting a sticky plastically deformable material, placed on a surface of a glass pane by employing a jet-like cutting medium.

Abstract: A cutter for comminuting a moving continuous sheet or web, such as paper broke, in the dryer or converter section of a papermaking machine, includes a plurality of high pressure water jet cutting nozzles positioned in a conduit section for receiving such broke from the papermaking machine. In one embodiment the nozzles are arranged in banks positioned to impact the sheet as it passes through the conduit section, from opposite sides, and are mounted on water conduits which, in turn, are mounted for reciprocating movement and are oscillated transversely of the direction of sheet movement by a mechanical drive. The cutting jets from the high pressure nozzles impact the sheet simultaneously at opposite sides, while being reciprocated to reduce the sheet into a multiplicity of smaller discrete or easily separable pieces which fall through the bottom of the conduit section, for further processing or disposal.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for removing solid material from a workpiece by using a high velocity stream of ice which is caused to impinge on the workpiece. A working liquid, such as water, is supplied at high pressure to a discharge nozzle with an orifice for forming the needle-like stream. The water is cooled before it reaches the nozzle to a temperature below its freezing point so that at least some of the stream is transformed to ice. Optionally, the stream is cooled after it is emitted from the orifice by flowing an envelope of cryogenic gas around the emitted stream.

Abstract: To cut or separate a workpiece, having a plain or curved surface, a jet-like fluid cutting medium is used. The cutting medium is ejected from a nozzle under high pressure and is directed towards the workpiece. In order to achieve an exact cut edge, even if a high cutting speed is selected, the cutting medium is directed towards the surface of the workpiece not exactly perpendicularly, but with an angle deviation of between 0.1 and 0.3 degrees. An apparatus for performing such a cutting operation comprises a tube with a nozzle at its end through which the cutting medium is ejected. The nozzle is swivelably supported and the tube may be adjusted in X- and Y-direction such that the desired cutting angle may be controlled.

Abstract: An assembly for use in combination with sewing machines for purposes of removing portions of stitchable material around which a buttonhole or other desirable design is sewn by the sewing machine. In one embodiment, the assembly is a kit which includes a support assembly, a material removal device positioned within the support assembly, and a driver connected to the material removal device to supply the necessary forces to remove portions of material. The kit assembly may be attached to a sewing machine without requiring any substantial modification thereof and, if properly positioned, will not interfere with sewing operations and the components associated therewith. The kit assembly may also be removed or disabled to allow the sewing machine to perform functions other than sewing buttonholes. In another embodiment, a portion disposal system is utilized to carry away and preferably contain the removed portions of material.

Abstract: Apparatus for processing an elongate web of sheets is provided, which includes structure for continuously feeding successive sheets of the web in a path of travel, structure for successively cutting the successive sheets from the web, and structure for successively deflecting the successive sheets out of the path of travel and into cutting relationship with the cutting structure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus conveys solid particles from a supply device to a charging device for charging free-flowing cutting jets. Positive charging of the cutting jets even when located at a greater or remote distance from the supply device is ensured. To that end, the solid particles are transported in a closed circuit between the supply device and a charging or intermediate storage device and the momentarily required partial quantity of solid particles needed for charging the cutting jet is removed from the closed circuit.

Abstract: In a method of processing a circuit board formed of an aluminum nitride sintered body, a substrate (100) formed of an aluminum nitride sintered body is prepared. A groove (101) and a hole (102) are formed in the substrate (100) formed of the aluminum nitride sintered body by directing a water jet to a surface of the substrate (100). Alternatively, interconnection layers (104) and an electric resistant body (103) connecting the interconnection layers (104) are formed on the surface of the substrate (100), and a notch portion (105) is formed in the electric resistant body (103) by directing the water jet to the surface of the electric resistant body (103). In this manner, processing of the substrate (100) and adjustment of an electrical resistance value of the electric resistant body (103) can be carried out precisely.

Abstract: Fluidic jets are used to segment an animal carcass. A water jet is preferably used to cut the flesh of the carcass, and an abrasive jet is preferably used to cut the bones and other dense portions of the carcass. The jets are preferably delivered to the carcass from separate nozzles that are mounted adjacent one another on a cutting head. A multi-axis control arm carries the cutting head at one end thereof and controls the movement of the cutting head so that the fluidic jets segment the carcass along a predetermined cutting path.

Abstract: In the field of automated butchering systems there is a need for cutting implements that do not require frequent maintenance and that are capable of cutting through flesh and bone. The cutting head disclosed herein uses a combination of nozzles and cutting fluids for segmenting an animal carcass. The first nozzle directs a non-abrasive fluid toward the carcass to make the initial cut. A second nozzle directs an abrasive fluid toward the carcass to cut through the bones exposed by the initial cut. A third nozzle may be activated to direct a non-abrasive fluid toward the carcass to cut through any remaining portion of the carcass. The cutting head may also include strategically placed air jets which keep the flesh on either side of the cut separated so that sensors may detect the condition of the carcass while it is being segmented.

Abstract: In order to receive the cutting jet (20) in a machine to cut a sheet material by a fluid jet, the present invention provides a mobile receptacle (10) in which this jet is destroyed by one or several counter-jets (34) delivered by nozzles (32). The fluids are evacuated by a conduit of pipes (36). This disposition makes it possible to significantly extend the lifetime of the receptacle and authorizes the functioning of the latter regardless of the inclination of the cutting jet (20). Stand-by parts (40, 46) receive the jet or counter-jets in the event of any malfunction. In addition, cooling means (52, 59) make it possible to eliminate the heat and mist formed by the cutting and via the impact of the jets.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cutting up thick layers of fibrous material, the apparatus comprising a base to which a blade is fixed. The end of the blade carries a nozzle which emits an ultrafast fine water jet when fed with water under pressure via a duct. On each cutting pass, an additional thickness (H) of the layer is cut while the flanks of the cut that has already been made are held apart from each other by the blade, thereby ensuring that the jet is not disturbed by the flanks and retains its full cutting power.

Abstract: An method and an apparatus for high speed cutting, a predetermined repetitive pattern in a continuous moving web of material. The web is supported and displaced in a flat plane, and a sensor is utilized to detect the lateral position of the web on this plane. At least one cutting element, herein a high pressure water jet, is displaceably supported for movement on two transverse axes in a horizontal plane adjacent a face of the web and generates a cutting beam to cut a predetermined repetitive pattern through the web. The cutting element is secure to a guide member which is displaced in the horizontal plane adjacent the web, and its displacement and rate of speed are controlled by a control device.

Abstract: The invention concerns a fixed injector which sends water under pressure to a nonwoven sheet, or workpiece. The injector directs pressurized water through a perforated cylinder, which directs water through a perforated sheet onto a workpiece. This apparatus provides micro-perforation or cuts, of diverse materials, including those of plastic and supple sheets.

Abstract: A process is provided for separation of an asbestos-containing material from a surface to which the asbestos-containing material is adhered, while preventing floating of dust of the removed asbestos-containing material, the process requiring jetting of pressurized water from a plurality of nozzles to the surface at a pressure of at least 80 kg/cm.sup.2 so as to wet and remove the asbestos-containing material therefrom by the energy possessed by the pressurized water.

Abstract: A blade having a concavely shaped leading edge is cut. The blade has first and second side faces, a tip profile and a root profile. Each profile has a first and second profile side corresponding with the first and second side faces. The cutter is positioned between the first root profile side and the first tip profile side. The tip profile and root profile are followed with two cutter portions of the cutter along the first root and tip profile sides toward the leading edge to cut the first side face. One of the cutter portions is translated around to the second profile side before the other cutter portion is translated to the second profile side, causing the formation of the concave leading edge. The tip and root profile is followed with the cutter, along the second profile side away from the leading edge to cut the second side face.