Abstract: An input audio signal is AD converted into digital data which is processed by a central processing unit (CPU) in which Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) operation and power spectrum calculation are effected. Furthermore, spectrum data obtained in this way is processed to obtain a fundamental tone to determine the pitch of each sound of the input audio signal. After the pitch is determined, data indicative of a given pattern is produced so that a musical note is indicated at an appropriate position on a staff displayed on a screen of a display unit. Such data from the CPU is fed via a video display processor to a video RAM to be stored therein where the video display processor produces a video signal fed to the display unit in turn. Since the fundamental tone does not necessarily have the highest level within the spectrum of the input audio signal, various ways for accurate determination of the pitch are used.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of processing data for a musical score display system for displaying a musical score in accordance with depression of keys on a keyboard of a musical instrument. Key information containing a key depression timing, a key release timing and a name of key is detected with respect to two keys depressed one after another. When a period between the key depression timings of the two keys is very short, the two keys are displayed as depressed simultaneously. When the succeeding key is depressed before release of the preceding key and the difference in depression timing of the two keys is greater than a certain period, a rest note is displayed before a musical note corresponding to the succeedingly depressed key.

Abstract: A tone pattern identifying system collates coincidence between tone data of an inputted tone array and tone data of a given reference theme tone array by recognizing such coincidence at corresponding locations between these two tone arrays for each shifting of their relative positions, and outputs at least a most closely resembling tone array as a result of the collation. This system may include means for evaluating the result of collation and means for displaying the result of the evaluation.

Abstract: Basic frequency data is preliminarily stored in a ROM. Tuning data obtained from a tuning counter according to manual operation of a rotary switch, and basic frequency data out from the ROM are processed in a CPU to form modified frequency data, which is stored in a RAM. The modified frequency data stored in the RAM is selectively read out according to the operation of the keyboard, so that a tuned note sound is produced from a loudspeaker.

Abstract: A music transcription apparatus and method are shown which do not require the use of a special electronic keyboard. A microphone picks up the musical sounds which a pitch detector array breaks down into their component pitches. A data processing system then eliminates harmonics and transients, and selects the proper notes, rests and accidental signs to represent the music. The music is then displayed on a conventional music score.

Abstract: A sound signal automatic detector used in a system with a micro computer and display for automatically detecting an input sound wave, computing from the detected sound wave the fundamental frequency of the sound and displaying its value in a number of different formats. The sound signal detector requires no attention on the part of a musician or other user while it is in operation and comprises a sound signal transducer supplying an amplifier having audio frequency bandpass characteristics compatible with the sound signal frequency spectrum over which sound signals to be analyzed extend. The bandpass characteristics of the amplifier preferably are defined by a high pass filter stage followed by an automatic gain control amplifier that in turn is followed by two stages of low pass filtering.

Abstract: Metronomic signalling devices and method for generating and transmitting silent and nonvisible metronomic impulses by sense of touch, i.e., to the skin of a user so that the user thereby receives tempo guidance by feeling the impulses through the skin.

Abstract: The sound to be identified is converted into an electrical signal which is applied to an amplifier (11), a filtering circuit (13) and a calculation device (20); the calculation device comprises a microprocessor (21) and associated memories (22,23) comprising a table of the identifiable notes and octaves, so as to work out a representative value of the frequency of the sound to be identified, to control the reading in the table of notes (23a) in relation to the said worked out value and so as to control the display of the note read on display means (27) connected to the calculation device (20).

Abstract: Device and method for measuring the pitch of a musical sound and displaying the pitch and the pitch error. The device consists of analog signal processing circuitry and digital computing and display circuitry. The analog signal processing circuitry accepts a signal from an appropriate signal source, amplifies the signal if necessary, removes those frequency bands which are outside the area of interest, and generates a digital reference signal which represents zero-crossings of the analog signal. The digital computing circuitry performs an analysis using the zero-crossing time data and determines the fundamental pitch of the input signal. This is accomplished by, in effect, delaying the digital reference signal by successive amounts corresponding to the intervals between zero crossings, and correlating the effectively delayed signals with the digital reference signal. A high correlation corresponds to a delay which is near an integer number of periods.

Abstract: An operator programmable rhythm variation system comprises a shift register for storing rhythm variation signals in a sequence specified by the operator. Variation select signals are generated by the operator of the musical instrument and provided to an input/output circuit which converts them to binary coded rhythm variation signals for storage in the shift register. The input/output circuit includes an output data latch, a visual display circuit and a gating circuit for gating the rhythm variation signals to the input of the shift register. The shift register is connected through a gate circuit such that data stored in the shift register can be rotated through the shift register for readout of stored rhythm variation sequences.

Abstract: A transducer receives notes from a musical instrument and converts them into electrical signals. The signals are passed to filter banks containing filters having passbands in different octave ranges. The filtered signals in each bank are added and translated in frequency to the frequency range of the highest octave of interest. The translated signals are then passed through a plurality of filters each of which is tuned to pass directly the frequency of one pitch in that octave. Indicators are attached to the pitch filters to indicate the presence of a signal passing therethrough. Also, additional indicators may be attached to the octave filters to indicate the octave from which the signal originated.

Abstract: A system for transcribing a sequence of input analog signals having characteristic frequencies and durations into indicia which visibly reflect the frequencies and durations of the input analog signals. The system uses the principles that the frequency of an analog signal can be determined from the number of zero crossings the signal makes in a predetermined time period and that the durations of the input analog signals can be determined from the number of successive time periods that the determined frequencies remain the same.In the preferred embodiment, the system transcribes successive musical tones into corresponding musical notes. A microphone produces electrical signals corresponding to the musical tones and a frequency digitizer circuit produces a digital signal train comprising a digital pulse for each zero crossing of the electrical signals.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus having a musical alarm function and a display, which produced a musical sound when an alarm time is reached while also concurrently performing score display of the musical notes of the produced musical sound on a printed five-line staff. The display produces a display of another function when the apparatus performs a function other than generation of the musical sounds.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for simultaneously teaching a plurality of students how to play a musical instrument including programmed audio-visual instruction by pre-recorded audio inputs, prearranged note combinations displayed on a student light strip, confirmation of right or wrong answers on periodic quiz questions, seqential pictures projected on a screen and correlated printed lesson materials, which programmed inputs may be stopped by the teacher in order to selectively instruct certain students by broadcasting oral instructions, and by playing a master keyboard which activates the student light strip. A teacher's console for collectively monitoring the student quiz results, and for selectively listening to individual student musical performances during the programmed instruction period.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument comprises a keyboard arranged to produce key code signals in response to key operations thereof and a memory storing performance data constituting progression of a music and corresponding to key operations to be effected on the keyboard to play the music. A key operation judging circuit is provided which compares the key code signals produced by the keyboard with the performance data read out of the memory to detect whether or not a pupil or trainee correctly operates keys in a corresponding relation to the performance data read out of the memory. The percentages of correct key operations are calculated and displayed with respect to the key-on timing and the pitch and duration of notes.

Abstract: In an electronic musical instrument, a plurality of component elements of a musical tone are designated by a respective plurality of manual setting elements and preset in a preset memory device. A person operating the device can select a musical tone to be produced based on the component element preset in the preset memory device or the component elements formed by the manual setting elements or any combination of such preset and manually set component elements. A visual display is used to display the amount of operation of the manual setting elements.

Abstract: A stop control panel for an organ includes an elongated support panel on which modular groups of touch sensitive switches are disposed in pairs with an indicating lamp disposed between the switches of each pair, wherein the switches of the pair respectively actuate and de-actuate a given stop while the lamp indicates whether the stop is actuated. The touch sensitive switches are overlaid with a front surface layer through which the switches are operable by touch of the layer and through which the indicating lamps are observable when energized. The surface layer has printed thereon a plurality of color-contrasting outlines, each positioned to circumscribe a different pair of switches and associated indicating lamp to facilitate stop selection, the surface layer otherwise having a "dead front" appearance.

Abstract: The disclosure describes an improved electronic musical synthesizer capable of storing, recalling, editing and restoring signals representing different timbres of sound. During the editing process, indicating circuitry enables a performer to determine whether the control knobs of the synthesizer have been adjusted to the same settings which resulted in the signals originally stored.

Abstract: An electronic music book for simplifying the storage and retrieval of musical scores in which a control panel operates electronic memories to locate a song in the memory for a musician's reading thereof. Optional modules may be added to the memory to expand the lilbrary of songs stored by the book. A variety of additional features may be included in the music book, such as audio playback of a selected song, tempo and rhythm control, and a temporary memory for musical works entered through a musical keyboard in the control panel. The book is adapted to be attached to a music stand and may be battery operated for portable use or permanently connected to a source of A.C. voltage.

Abstract: An electronic organ, piano or accordion has a transposing apparatus wherein a voltage-regulated high-frequency oscillator transmits high frequency signals to the input of a 12-tone divider circuit whose outputs transmit tone frequency signals to the tone generator of the musical instrument. The oscillator receives regulating signals from a switching unit, such as a multiplexer or a battery of integrated circuits, and the intensity of such signals is a function of addressing signals which are transmitted to the switching unit by an addressing unit having a keyboard with keys which are actuatable by the player to initiate the generation of different addressing signals as a result of closing of electric switches which are associated with the keys. The distribution of keys in the keyboard is the same as the distribution of playing keys in the keyboard of a piano, organ or a like musical instrument.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for simultaneously teaching a plurality of students how to play a musical instrument including programmed audio-visual instruction by pre-recorded audio inputs, prearranged note combinations displayed on a student light strip, confirmation of right or wrong answers on periodic quiz questions, sequential pictures projected on a screen, and correlated printed lesson materials, which programmed instruction may be stopped by the teacher in order to selectively instruct certain students by broadcasting oral instructions, and by playing a master keyboard which activates the student light strip. A teacher's console is provided for collectively monitoring the student quiz results, and for selectively listening to individual student musical performances during the programmed instruction period.

Abstract: An electronic device for use in aiding the instruction of musical students. The device is comprised of a metronome and a plurality of tone generators, all under the control of a microprocessor computer. Input devices for the system take the form of a musical keyboard and a microphone. The metronome produces an audible regularly repeated sound in the loudspeaker of the device and causes a visual display of a plurality of indicator lights to be lit simultaneously. Pitch error information is displayed on a plurality of indicator lights which indicate musical sharp, flat or correct pitch. The tone generators produce tones in the loudspeaker under the control of the program in the microprocessor. The device has the capability of interacting with the student to exchange musical responses which each is capable of understanding and judging.

Abstract: A multimode digital display assembly is configured to provide a real time alphanumeric display of notes and chords being played on stringed musical instruments, such as a guitar, as a learning or teaching aid. The display assembly is particularly well adapted to be retrofitted to a minimally modified guitar, and the display generating circuitry is specially selected for a low cost/low complexity implementation. Basic operating modes provide both a track, and latch display type, and an alternate operating mode uses sound produced by the instrument to initiate and update displays of the notes and chords being played.

Abstract: A microprocessor controlled electronic capture combination action system for use in an electronic organ for selecting a predetermined combination of stops to define the organ voicing. The system includes a plurality of stop tabs for setting and resetting the stops, a plurality of pistons for setting a desired combination of stops to a predetermined condition, a random access memory for storing data associated with a selected combination of stops, a read only memory containing a permanently stored operating program incorporating a plurality of operating instructions, an indicator light associated with each of the stop tabs and a microprocessor responsive to the operating instructions. The stop tab and pistons are continually and sequentially scanned to detect the contact closures. Actuated stop tabs cause the associated stops to be selected and the indicator lights illuminated.

Abstract: An electrical device is disclosed herein for training a student to play a string instrument which includes a first group of visual indicators mounted on the neck of a fret board and each indicator being immediately beneath and in registry with a particular string and fret of the instrument so as to identify therewith. A second group or plurality of visual indicators are mounted on the fret board adjacent the sounding hole in spaced relationship to the first plurality of visual indicators and each one is associated with a particular string to be strummed for a particular musical chord.

Abstract: A stop tab mechanism for an particularly electronic organ of the type having a capture combination system. The stop tab mechanism includes an elongated stop tab having a front portion, a central portion, and a rear portion, a mounting bracket for the stop tab, spaced apart front and rear rests secured to the mounting bracket, guide means mounting the central portion of the stop tab for pivotal movement relative to the rests, including a spring urging the central portion of the stop tab into contact with the front and rear rests, and switch means operatively connected to the rear portion of the stop tab.

Abstract: A musical education game for teaching children to associate each letter name with a staff position and key position includes in exemplary form a keyboard operated array of hammers, each of which on the upstroke will lift or jiggle a corresponding note-related removable figurine or token and on the downstroke will sound a corresponding tone, if the token is positioned in proper location in a staff display by a student. A corresponding tone also sounds when the token is dropped into correct location, driving the corresponding hammer down. If the token is incorrectly located, it does not sound a note when dropped into place and when the hammer is actuated remains unmoved; in any case on the downstroke the hammer strikes a note corresponding to the respective key position but not identifiably aligned with it visually. Overlays for the keyboard include indicia grouping the notes in register, and additional structural provisions can aid the student in associating token position with staff position.

Abstract: In one embodiment a musical instrument, having a plurality of strings, a plurality of frets situated transverse to the strings and playable as with a cylindrical steel bar member slidably positionable along and against said strings, has an elongated mirror positioned generally parallel to the strings and generally perpendicular to the frets as to provide a visual indication to the player as to how accurately the player has positioned the steel bar member with respect to a selected fret; in another embodiment of the invention, the steel bar member itself carries a mirror surface thereby enabling the said elongated mirror to be dispensed with.

Abstract: A step-on type tone scale play device has a flexible mat within which is arranged a plurality of flexible switch elements in accordance with a tone scale and is adapted to produce corresponding music sounds when marks configured on the surface of a mat to indicate the position of each switch element are stepped on.The device is very easy to keep and carry, and convenient to display or perform as compared to the conventional device, as the mat is light and capable of folding or rolling into a compact form.

Abstract: An audio-visual apparatus is disclosed which includes a projection screen having indicia thereon representative of a note play marker, means for successively projecting onto the screen adjacent the note play marker a plurality of visual images of a musical composition recorded on a film strip, means for providing a sound recording of the musical composition and control means for relating the projection of the visual images with the playing of the sound recording.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein an electronic digital system for allowing encoding and storage of note value and time value for one or more musical instruments and which, upon playback, controls a light display to indicate to the musician the notes to be played and their time value. The system is particularly described for use with guitars, and similar instruments, and has an X-Y display to indicate, for example, both the particular string and the note to be played, as well as the time value of the note. In addition, the system will accommodate a plurality of such musical instruments to thereby enable display of the notes to be played, and their time values, for all of the instruments simultaneously. The system includes a keyboard for entering note value and note timing for each of one or more instruments, and a memory for storing data bits indicative of the notes for each instrument and the timing thereof.

Abstract: Display means for electronically generating a visual display of the frequency difference between two frequencies, adaptable for the tuning of musical instruments. In the exemplary body of said adaptation the note from the instrument is picked up through a microphone and fed through electronic means for isolating the fundamental frequency; the frequency and a reference frequency generated by a reference frequency synthesizer are fed into said display means which generates a visual display of the frequency difference between said fundamental frequency and said reference frequency.

Abstract: An electronic digital display device for identifying musical notes comprising a series of manually operable on-off key selector switches, a series of manually operable on-off note selector switches, note indicator means visually associated with the note and key selector switches and an appropriate circuit network. One key selector switch is associated with each desired key and each of the selector switches is exclusively and not simultaneously operable in the "on" position. One note selector switch is associated with each desired note and each of the note selector switches is simultaneously operable with one or more of the other selector switches when in the "on" position. The circuit network has a first portion comprising a plurality of circuit branches, one branch associated with each key selector switch. Each of the circuit branches extends to each of the note selector switches and is exclusively actuated by its associated key selector switch.

Abstract: An audible tone identifier comprises a transducer and amplifier for responding to audible tones, such as generated by a human voice speaking or singing, or a musical instrument, and a plurality of filters sharply tuned to the notes of one or more octaves or fractions thereof of the equal tempered chromatic musical scale or to other patterns of sounds that are to be individually identified. The outputs of the filters are connected to lamp driver circuits which in turn are connected through transposing plug-and-jack connectors and sharp-and-flat insertion switches to lamps on a display board, whereby any musical tone within the range of the device, received by the transducer, will be identified visually on the display board by the lighting of a lamp.

Abstract: A color organ device for producing a visual display of lights responsive to electrical signals produced on respective channels of a four-channel stereo. The device includes a housing having a plurality of banks of lights therein which is rotated by an electric motor. A interpreter is provided for selectively separating the frequencies produced by the four-channel stereo for selectively energizing the banks of lights. Slip-rings are provided for making electrical contact between respective frequency discriminating circuits and the banks of lights.