Abstract: A generally rectangular shaped universal pickup cradle (50, 154 or 156 ) for an electric musical stringed instrument (20 or 150) allows a plurality of different pickups (50, 154, 156) to be interchangeably inserted into the stringed musical instrument. In addition, there are one or more receptacle cavities (36, 38, 40, 152) in the stringed musical instrument (20, 150) so that any of the universal pickup cradles (50, 154, 156) may be placed within any of the receptacle cavities. The universal pickup cradles (50, 154, 156), in combination with a separate electronics module (177, 200), provide a flexible and upgradeable system for an electric stringed instrument.

Abstract: Stringed musical instrument transducer for converting vibrations into electric signals. The transducer is composed of at least one transducer element (118) at least one dielectric film (107, 108), on at least one side of the transducer element, at least one signal electrode (109) and at least two ground electrodes (111-113), the transducer element having a transducer part (116) and a connection element part (115). The transducer element is an electret film containing a permanent electric charge. The film is a cell type electret film. The transducer part has a laminated structure. At least the signal electrode is a film like layer, disposed on the surface of the dielectric film.

Abstract: The present invention is a rigid, solid bodied stringed instrument having an electrical pickup embedded in at least one predetermined position within the stringed instruments solid body to pick up the actual wood tones and resonance of the rigid solid body. The electrical pickup is comprised of a piezoelectric transducer embedded between a planar brass surface and a planar ceramic surface. In the preferred embodiment, the pickup transducer is circular in shape and embedded within the stringed instrument's solid body adjacent the strings which span the body. The embedded piezoelectric transducer requires a fraction of the area required by traditional electric coil pickups. In an alternate preferred embodiment, the pickup transducer is embedded within a transducer housing. The housing is then embedded within the solid body of a stringed instrument adjacent the strings.

Abstract: An interactive drum set includes a storage device for storing data representing sounds of a plurality of background music styles, sounds of a plurality of drum beat sequences, and sounds of a plurality of percussion instruments. The drum set also includes a plurality of drum plates for receiving user-directed forces, each of the plurality of drum plates being associated with the data representing sounds of one of the plurality of percussion instruments. A sensor disposed at each of the plurality of drum plates detects the user-directed forces and generates a signal indicative of the user-directed forces. A triggering device operatively connected to each sensor outputs a trigger signal when the signal of the sensor exceeds a threshold value. A user-interface device responsive to user commands supplies signals indicative of a user's selection of at least one background music style and/or at least one drum beat sequence.

Abstract: In a stringed instrument, such as a guitar including a saddle for holding the strings and a pickup assembly for converting vibrations of the strings into electrical signals, the saddle has a curved bottom surface for contacting the pickup assembly. The pickup assembly is formed in flexible layers, including a first layer of insulation, a second layer of piezoelectric film with a ground lead on top, a third layer having contacts formed thereon in positions corresponding to the strings to create active areas in the film underneath the strings, the third layer having lead lines disposed at the bottom thereof, and additional lead lines at the bottom of a fourth flexible layer. Electrodes communicate one end of the lead lines with the contacts via through-holes in the intervening layers. The other ends of the lead lines fasten to pins which connect to an amplifier circuit. The amplifier circuit can be combined with a wireless FM transmitter.

Abstract: A musical instrument of the violin family which has a piezo-electric pickup installed under the foot of the bridge which is supported by the bass bar. The forces generated in the bridge by the vibrating strings are transmitted through the pickup to the top of the instrument. The pickup is comprised of a sandwich including a small piezo-electric sensor covered by conductive foils on the outside which serve as the ground of the pickup and an electrostatic shield.

Abstract: An acoustic drum capable of triggering an electronic sound source is provided by a combination of a drum body shell, conventional drum heads held at adjustable tension across open ends of the shell, and a sound-to-electrical transducer mounted within an open space of the interior or exterior shell wall surface. The sound-to-electrical transducer is connected to an audio jack assembly which in turn allows the drum to be connected to conventional downstream electronics. The sound energy attenuating characteristics of the mounting material and the surrounding shell wall prevent the transducer from being falsely triggered by ambient sound exterior to the drum, by sympathetic vibrations of the drum, and resists false triggering due to lightly, inadvertently hitting the drum stand. A sound energy transfer arm with elastomeric pad having limited contact with the striking head couples vibration to the embedded transducer in the shell wall for enhanced trigger sensitivity and tracking.

Abstract: An Exchangeable Stacked Pickup Assembly for Stringed Instruments is disclosed. The preferred system and assembly permit the user to change magnet characteristics and/or the number of coil windings without necessitating string removal and subsequent guitar re-tuning. The pickup system further includes a lower coil assembly for attaching to the face of a guitar or other stringed instrument, and an upper coil assembly for attaching to, and detaching from the lower coil assembly. As described, the lower coil assembly and the upper coil assembly include conventional pickup coil assemblies, which are in electrical circuit when attached to one another. Furthermore, the preferred system includes a variety of upper coil assemblies, each having unique electromagnetic qualities, such that the user need only exchange one upper coil assembly with another in order to effect a desired change in sound to the stringed instrument.

Abstract: There is provided a method of determining the pitch in string instruments that are excited by plucking or striking, wherein a vibration of a string is converted by a transducer into an electrical signal and the electrical signal is evaluated.Up to now, the transducers have primarily been electromagnetic transducers for which a plurality of evaluation algorithms and methods are available. Now however, one also wants to be able to use pressure transducers without having to use new evaluation algorithms and methods.To this end, a pressure transducer is used as the transducer and the electrical signal is subjected to differentiation with respect to time.

Abstract: A bridge for supporting the strings of a musical instrument including an instrument body and an acoustic transducer, for example, a diaphragm microphone and an air space chamber which is closed airtight and located in front of the sound receiving side of the transducer, wherein the air space chamber extends transversely of the longitudinal extension of the strings and over the zone in which the strings are located next to each other, and wherein the bridge supporting the strings forms a boundary surface of the air space chamber or the bridge is mounted on a wall which forms a boundary surface of the air space chamber.

Abstract: A bridge for stringed instruments having a central slotted opening for receipt of the blades of a pickup device such that the blades are adapted to move laterally back and forth and forwardly and back within the opening so as to vary the sound achieved by the bridge.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pickup for stringed musical instruments has at least one bobbin mountable to the instrument beneath the instrument's strings, each of the bobbins having a body and a coil wrapped around the body, the body having one or more holes therethrough positioned below the strings. A magnetic device for generating a magnetic field around the bobbins and one or more pole pieces extended through the holes is also included. Ferromagnetic material is positioned within the body of one or more of the bobbins or between the bobbin(s) and the musical instrument to increase the device's inductance.

Abstract: An extremely flexible piezoelectric pickup for stringed instruments is formed of a flat shielded conductor with a plurality of spaced piezo crystals embedded between the conductor and its shield. Its width is less than 0.090 inches, its height between piezo crystals is less than 0.020 inches and at the crystals is less than 0.050 so that the location of each crystal is clearly visible and can be accurately positioned on an instrument.

Abstract: The signal from a piezo-electric transducer in an electro-acoustic guitar is modified by a variable depth notch filter. The notch filter includes two paths between an input and a summation circuit. The signals in the two paths are 180.degree. out of phase and one of the paths includes a bandpass filter. The notch is located at approximately 5 khz. The depth of the notch depends upon either the broadband amplitude or the narrowband amplitude of the signal from the transducer and the depth of the notch is controlled using either feedback or feedforward control.

Abstract: In a stringed instrument, such as a guitar including a saddle for holding the strings and a pickup assembly for converting vibrations of the strings into electrical signals, the saddle has a curved bottom surface for contacting the pickup assembly. The pickup assembly is formed in flexible layers, including a first layer of insulation, a second layer of piezoelectric film with a ground lead on top, a third layer having contacts formed thereon in positions corresponding to the strings to create active areas in the film underneath the strings, the third layer having lead lines disposed at the bottom thereof, and additional lead lines at the bottom of a fourth flexible layer. Electrodes communicate one end of the lead lines with the contacts via through-holes in the intervening layers. The other ends of the lead lines fasten to pins which connect to an amplifier circuit. The amplifier circuit can be combined with a wireless FM transmitter.

Abstract: A transducer for a stringed musical instrument incorporating an electrically conductive ground plane, along with a piezoelectric transducer and a conductive strip. The piezoelectric transducer is comprised of a polyvinylidene fluoride co-polymer. The ground plane, piezoelectric transducers and conductive strip are secured in an elongated unitary structure with the ground plane and conductive strip disposed on opposite sides of the transducers. A conductive shield is disposed about the unitary structure and electrical leads connect to the ground plane and conductive strip, respectively. The transducer may also include two piezoelectric transducers and conductive strips to provide two different outputs from the transducer. The two piezoelectric transducers may have different frequency response characteristics or may be connected to different signal processing circuits to allow for distinct modulations and mixing of outputs.

Abstract: An acoustic drum capable of triggering an electronic sound source is provided by a combination of a drum body shell, conventional drum heads held at adjustable tension across open ends of the shell, and a sound-to-electrical transducer mounted within an open space of the interior or exterior shell wall surface. The sound-to-electrical transducer is connected to an audio jack assembly which in turn allows the drum to be connected to conventional downstream electronics. The sound energy attenuating characteristics of the mounting material and the surrounding shell wall prevent the transducer from being falsely triggered by ambient sound exterior to the drum, by sympathetic vibrations of the drum, and resists false triggering due to lightly, inadvertently hitting the drum stand.

Abstract: A transducer for a stringed musical instrument incorporating an electrically conductive ground plane, along with a piezoelectric transducer and a conductive strip. The piezoelectric transducer is comprised of a polyvinylidene fluoride co-polymer. The ground plane, piezoelectric transducers and conductive strip are secured in an elongated unitary structure with the ground plane and conductive strip disposed on opposite sides of the transducers. A conductive shield is disposed about the unitary structure and electrical leads connect to the ground plane and conductive strip, respectively. The conductive strip and ground plane are both of a flexible material with a dielectric layer and a metallic layer. The conductive strip and ground plane extend beyond the piezoelectric transducer to form leads for the transducer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric force sensor includes a piezoelectric plate, with one electrode on each of the top and bottom sides of the plate. One of the electrodes is electrically connected via a conductor to a contact pad. In the case that the piezoelectric plate experiences breakage, the conductor is broken, and the remaining residual capacitance of the conductor and contact pad becomes so comparatively small that the breakage can be reliably detected.

Abstract: A low impedance amplifier include a matching circuit composed of passive elements and active elements for matching the input impedance of the amplifier to a piezoelectric and/or pyroelectric signal generated in a low impedance structure; and an amplifying circuit composed of passive elements and active elements for amplifying the input signal simultaneously as the impedance matching. The amplifier is capable of electrically amplifying low impedance electrical phenomena. Accordingly, the amplifier permits accurate detection of structural abnormality in various structures. As one application example of the above amplifier to structural abnormality detection, a method of applying the amplifier of the present invention to a musical instrument enables any existing musical instrument to be used as an electric instrument without changing its original sound quality and provides the possibility of realizing a new instrument.

Abstract: A transducer for a stringed musical instrument incorporating an electrically conductive ground plane, along with a piezoelectric transducer and a conductive strip. The piezoelectric transducer is comprised of a polyvinylidene fluoride co-polymer. The ground plane, piezoelectric transducers and conductive strip are secured in an elongated unitary structure with the ground plane and conductive strip disposed on opposite sides of the transducers. A conductive shield is disposed about the unitary structure and electrical leads connect to the ground plane and conductive strip, respectively.

Abstract: In construction of a pickup unit used for electroacoustic conversion of various vibrations produced on a string instrument, a piezoelectric assembly clamped between a string holder and a bridge is provided with a dual layer arrangement of piezoelectric elements kept in contact with corresponding positive electrodes. The piezoelectric elements closer to the string holder detect string vibrations and the piezoelectric elements closer to the bridge detects body vibrations of the string instrument so that electric signals from piezoelectric elements of different groups can be tactfully blended together for rich and voluminous generation of musical tones over a wide tone range.

Abstract: A planar wave transducer assembly comprising a rigid, unitary structure formed by a pair of foot pads attached to a planar surface, each foot pad having an upstanding leg, and a span bar extending across the tops of the legs. A piezoelectric transducer element extends between the legs of the transducer assembly in spaced, parallel alignment with the span bar to convert wave motion in the planar surface into an electrical signal. That is, the movement of one leg towards the other in response to planar wave energy causes the one leg to flex or bend so as to apply a compressive force to the piezoelectric transducer element connected between the legs. The transducer assembly herein disclosed has been found to be particularly effective as a pick up when applied to a soundboard of a musical instrument, such as a piano, and the like.

Abstract: The piezoelectric transducer saddle of the present invention is a thin, generally rectangular member that is designed to fit into the bridge slot of a musical instrument such as a guitar. The piezoelectric element is oriented vertically in the saddle and constitutes a structural member of the saddle. In a first embodiment of the saddle, a piezoelectric element forms the saddle itself. Electrical contacts are engaged to the sides of the piezoelectric element to produce electrical output. A preferred embodiment of the saddle is a laminated structure wherein the laminated layers are disposed vertically, and a vertical layer composed of a piezoelectric material is generally centrally disposed within the laminated structure. A metallic electrical contact is engaged on each side of the piezoelectric material to receive electrical signals generated by the piezoelectric material.

Abstract: A musical instrument transducer module encloses a piezoelectric transducer, preferably comprising a polyvinylidene fluoride co-polymer sheet, and has an elongated electrically conductive member and a conductive shield. The shield forms a U-shaped channel and the elongated member extends from the shield. The conductive member can be moved by rotation into the shield. The conductive member covers one side of the piezoelectric transducer, and another conductor covers at least part of the other side of the transducer. An electrical lead has contacts to both conductors on either side of the transducer. The transducer can include one or more sheets.

Abstract: An electronic percussion system having the look, feel and response of an acoustic drum is provided by a combination of a drum body shell, conventional drum heads held at adjustable tension across open ends of the shell, and within the interior drum cavity a sound-to-electrical transducer is embedded in layers of rubber foam filler material. The sound energy attenuating characteristics of the foam filler material prevent the transducer from being falsely triggered by ambient sound exterior to the drum, by sympathetic vibrations of the drum, and resists false triggering due to lightly, inadvertently hitting the drum stand.

Abstract: The cymbal system comprises a cymbal member mountable on a cymbal stand, the cymbal member having a playing feel approximating that of a conventional cymbal. A transducer is affixed to a surface of the cymbal member for translating any substantial percussive impact on the cymbal member to electrical signals. These electrical signals are converted into MIDI "note-on" messages serving as trigger messages. At least one conductive element is mounted on the cymbal member. A MIDI interface system is included which detects the alternation in an electrical signal between two stable states in response to a user's manipulation of the conductive element, each stable state representing a digital signal. The MIDI interface system also includes a software system for recognizing and then interpreting the digital signal into MIDI SYSEX messages, or note off and note on messages, serving as MIDI choke/send messages.

Abstract: An electric violin includes a body having a top, bottom and a ribcage situated between the top and bottom. A neck is attached to the body and includes an unfretted fingerboard. A bridge is attached to the body and strings extend from the distal end of the neck over the bridge and are attached to the body. The body includes a narrow portion adjacent the neck enabling easy access to the upper portion of the fingerboard. The fingerboard portion of the neck extends over the body a fixed distance. The underside of the neck includes a projection which defines a first registration point normally associated with the fourth finger position of a violin. The neck also includes a second projection located on the underside of the neck that defines a second registration point for a predetermined fingerboard position, preferably the eighth finger position corresponding to a one octave higher position on the strings.

Abstract: A pick-up apparatus for a string instrument comprising an array of supports for positioning an array of detectors, each of which monitors strings' vibrations and generates electrical signals, each of the supports straddling a string of the stringed instrument. The detectors include a sensor mount, a divergent light source, and first and second optical sensors which receive light simultaneously when the light source is illuminated and generates an electrical analog output signal.

Abstract: A pick-up system for placing in connection with the bridge of a stringed instrument consisting of individual, cylindrically designed microphone units, that are inserted in bored tight-fitting holes in the bridge close to the individual strings, such that the microphones are rotatably frictionally fixed therein. The acoustic axes of the microphones are transversely oriented, whereby for individual adjustment it is possible by turning the microphones in the tight-fitting holes to adjust the angle between the individual axes and the respective directions to the strings.

Abstract: A planar wave transducer assembly comprising a rigid structure formed by a pair of foot pads, each with an upstanding leg and a span bar extending across the top of the legs. A piezoelectric transducer element is attached to the span bar, preferably in a channel extending between the legs, to convert wave motion in the plane defined by the flat bases of the foot pads into an electrical signal. The transducer assembly herein disclosed has been found to be remarkably effective as a pick up when applied to the soundboard of a piano, achieving excellent signal isolation as well as enhancing the acoustic sound produced by the instrument.

Abstract: An electro-mechanical pickup for a musical instrument having a plurality of strings. The pickup includes a core, a first piezoelectric transducer element connected in parallel with a second piezoelectric transducer element, and a two-conductor output lead. Using two piezoelectric transducer elements connected in parallel increases the output voltage and capacitance of the pickup compared with using a single piezoelectric transducer element. The core is elongated, and has a first face opposite a second face. The first piezoelectric transducer element includes first and second electrodes on opposite faces of a first piezoelectric film. The second piezoelectric transducer element includes third and fourth electrodes on opposite faces of a second piezoelectric film. The piezoelectric transducer elements are each responsive to more than one string of the musical instrument. The first piezoelectric transducer element is stacked on the core with the second electrode in contact with the first face of the core.

Abstract: A transducer for a stringed musical instrument incorporating an electrically conductive ground plane, along with a piezoelectric transducer and a conductive strip. The piezoelectric transducer is comprised of a polyvinylidene flouride co-polymer. The ground plane, piezoelectric transducers and conductive strip are secured in a elongated unitary structure with the ground plane and conductive strip disposed on opposite sides of the transducers. A conductive shield is disposed about the unitary structure and electrical leads connect to the ground plane and conductive strip, respectively.

Abstract: A transducer for a stringed musical instrument incorporating an electrically conductive ground plane, along with a piezoelectric transducer and a conductive strip. The piezoelectric transducer is comprised of a polyvinylidene fluoride co-polymer. The ground plane, piezoelectric tranducers and conductive strip are secured in an elongated unitary structure with the ground plane and conductive strip disposed on opposite sides of the transducers. A conductive shield is disposed about the unitary structure and electrical leads connect to the ground plane and conductive strip, respectively.

Abstract: A light weight guitar construction and associated method of manufacture involves the use of a light weight wood core material having deposited thereover a strengthening layer preferably of carbon fiber and a fiberglass sheet layer both impregnated with a high temperature resin. A piezoelectric crystal transducer system is used individually with each string for sensing string vibrations. An improved fret board construction is employed. In one feature of the present invention each of the frets have coupled thereto circuit runs for signal coupling.

Abstract: Transducer device (12) for drums including a head structure (18) mountable to a drum by means of a mounting structure (20). The head structure includes a piezo electric transducer (24) clamped between metal plates (26, 28), plate (26) forces against the drum skin (16) by application of force through the mounting structure (20). The force is applied to a plate (34) forming part of the head structure (18) which is acoustically isolated from the transducer (24) by an isolating element (36) positioned between the plates (34) and (28). Electrical output is taken via a cable (36) to a preamplifier (74).

Abstract: An electro-mechanical pickup for a stringed musical instrument, such as a guitar, fits in the bottom of the saddle slot of the instrument and provides an electrical output signal representing the vibrations of the strings of the instrument. The electrical output of the transducer is generated by a piezoelectric transducer element having an long, narrow piece of piezoelectric film with an electrode on each face. One electrode of the piezoelectric transducer element is attached to the conductive face of an elongated core. One conductor of a two-conductor electrical output lead is also attached to the conductive face of the core. The core provides electrical contact and a strong mechanical attachment for the output lead. A conductive contact strip is attached to the second electrode of the piezoelectric transducer element, and the second conductor of the output lead is attached to the contact strip.

Abstract: An improved string musical instrument is disclosed wherein a dynamic tone engendering structure provides adjustable filtering and conditioning of each of the variously tuned string's vibrational behavior. Acoustic energy transmission paths are provided for the overtone and fundamental tone components produced by the variously tuned strings, assuring even transmission of each string's particular acoustical energy to acoustical summing nodes where transducers convert acoustical energy to electrical energy. The present invention closely emulates the characteristic dynamic response and musical timbres found in a wide variety of traditional acoustic instruments.

Abstract: A piezoelectric bridge sound pick-up string instruments has a separate subassembly for each string. Each subassembly has a metal base body (4) with a pocket (4.1) for a piezoelectric sensor element (7), a sensor holder (5) and a pressure piece (8). The pocket is at right angles to the string and is tilted in accordance with the string pressure direction. The sensor element is embedded in an electrically insulating holder, which has a break in its central area (6) and allows a certain deflection of the sensor element. To an electrode on the under surface of the sensor element is fitted a conductor (9) for passing out a signal with positive potential. On an opposite, upper electrode surface is provided a pressure piece with a semi-circular cross-section, which transfers by friction the alternating pressure of the string (14) and functions as an electrical connection of ground potential.

Abstract: A automatic composer automatically forms a rhythm pattern. Reference rhythm patterns representing a sequence of a plurality of tone durations are generated, and a pulse scale source provides a pulse scale of pulse points having weights for joining or disjoining tone durations, depending on their positions. The reference rhythm pattern is modified by executing one of joining or disjoining tone durations in accordance with the pulse scale. Also disclosed is an automatic composer for composing an entire musical piece, wherein featuring parameters are extracted from an inputted portion of a musical piece, and an entire musical piece is composed in accordance with at least the extracted featuring parameters. According to a preferred arrangement, the featuring parameters are extracted in accordance with at least one of a sequence of tone pitches and a sequence of tone durations, the sequences defining the inputted portion of the musical piece.

Abstract: A suspension bridge pickup mechanism for stringed musical instruments. Vibrations from the strings are transferred to a suspended bridge which is in contact at spaced points with resonator plates of a plurality of bimorphic piezoelectric elements. The bridge has a high length to transverse thickness ratio resulting in a signal of wide frequency range and high amplitude. The tonal characteristics and the relative harmonic content of the signal can be altered by selecting or rejecting specific transducers which will contribute to the output signal utilizing a switching circuit. The transducers may be positioned under different portions of the bridge resulting in greater low frequency response in the median region of the bridge, maximal mid frequency response in the paramedian region, and maximal high frequency response near the ends of the bridge.

Abstract: A percussion instrument employs a horizontal surface whose dimensions are about 1 foot.times.2 feet.times.3/8 inch made of oak. This piece of oak has transducers on its under side and is spaced one or two inches above the floor. The percussionist sits on a stool where he can tap this piece of oak with the heels and toes of his shoe. Mounted at an elevation and position within easy reach of the percussionist are a number of tubular drums which the percussionist may strike with a drumstick. These tubular drums are about two inches in diameter and each of them has a central cavity in which a transducer is located.

Abstract: A transducer for a stringed musical instrument incorporating an electrically conductive ground plane, along with a plurality of piezoelectric transducers and a conductive strip. The ground plane, piezoelectric transducers and conductive strip are secured in an elongated unitary structure with the ground plane and conductive strip disposed on opposite sides of the transducers. A conductive shield is disposed about the unitary structure and electrical leads connect to the ground plane and conductive strip, respectively.

Abstract: Note bending in a MIDI interfaceable fretted string instrument is detected by sensing relative phase shifting in an echo return of an ultrasonic acoustic signal propagated along each string. The delay between the propagated signal and echo return is indicative of the musical note obtainable by playing the string. The propagation and sensing may be accomplished by means of a single piezoelectric transducer coupled to each string, and the same transducer can sense string vibration in the audible frequency range indicative of the timing and amplitude of a musical note played on the string.

Abstract: A percussion instrument transducer for converting a striking impact into a representative electrical impulse triggering signal. The transducer is formed of a piezoelectric member of disc shape secured to an electrically conductive disc. The piezoelectric member and disc are supported in a housing on a support platform of smaller diameter than the diameter of the disc so that the periphery of the disc is cantilevered beyond the support platform to provide enhanced piezoelectric impulse action.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an angle sensor for musical tone control which controls a musical tone in response to changing angles at an articulation of the human body. Both ends of a pair of plate members are coupled pivotally and movably around an axis parallel to both faces of plate members. This pair of plate members are attached on the interior side of articulation of the human body by attaching means to generate a signal in response to the bending motion of the articulation. Thus, a musical tone control signal in response to the bending angles is outputted from detecting means which is placed on the plate members to control musical tone.

Abstract: A slider for guiding a movable article along a guide has an elastic guide member and a movable member which is movable along the guide and is in contact at least on a face with the guide. A standing surface elastic wave is generated on the face of the guide contacting the movable member for supporting the movable member on the peaks of the standing elastic wave.

Abstract: A vibration plate and cushioning plate are arranged, as a layered structure, within a drum shell in that order as viewed from the inner bottom of the drum shell toward a batter head with a vibration sensing/electric signal producing sensor attached to the vibration plate. A cushioning member is located within the drum shell to elastically support the cushioning plate between the inner bottom surface of the drum shell and the vibration plate. The cushioning member includes an externally urging section for externally urging the vibration plate toward the drum shell and an elastic support section which, when receiving an external strike force exceeding a predetermined value, is elastically deformed toward the inner bottom surface of the drum shell.

Abstract: A transducer system for a stringed musical instrument having a first electrically conductive member, a plurality of piezoelectric transducers each adapted to be aligned with an instrument string and each having one and another side, and a second electrically conductive member. The first and second electrically conductive members are disposed on opposite sides of the piezoelectric transducers. The electrically conductive members and piezoelectric transducers are arranged in an elongated unitary structure. A conductive shield is disposed about the unitary structure and electrical leads connect to the respective electrically conductive members.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an angle sensor for musical tone control which controls a musical tone in response to changing angles at an articulation of the human body. Both ends of a pair of plate members are coupled pivotally and movably around an axis parallel to both faces of plate members. This pair of plate members are attached on the interior side of articulation of the human body by attaching means to generate a signal in response to the bending motion of the articulation. Thus, a musical tone control signal in response to the bending angles is outputted from detecting means which is placed on the plate members to control musical tone.