Abstract: A pumping system for oil production comprises a hydraulic unit set on the ground and adapted to send out a pressure oil, and a pump unit set in an oil well and adapted to draw up crude oil therefrom. The pump unit comprises a pump cylinder, and a plunger reciprocatingly moved in the pump cylinder. The plunger is provided with a clearance formed between the outer circumferential surface of a lower end portion thereof and the inner circumferential surface of the pump cylinder. The pressure oil supplied from the hydraulic unit is ejected from the clearance along the inner surface of the pump cylinder into a cylinder chamber.

Abstract: An ultrahigh pressure water apparatus converts feed water of normal pressure into ultrahigh pressure water by means of an ultrahigh pressure pump and projects the ultrahigh pressure water through a nozzle gun in the form of jets of ultrahigh pressure water. The nozzle gun has an eccentric shaft tube rotatably disposed inside a nozzle cover, a high pressure hose rotatably inserted into the eccentric shaft tube, and nozzles fastened to the leading end of the high pressure hose. Owing to the rotation of the eccentric shaft tube, the jets of ultrahigh pressure water projected through the nozzle are sympathetically rotated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an intensifier using liquid, comprising at least one cylinder which has plural pistons and a lubricating chamber between them.

Abstract: A piston assembly for an internal combustion engine is made up from a piston main body and a lubricant reservoir defining member. The piston main body has a cup-shaped structure including a crown portion and a hollow cylindrical wall portion joining thereto, two piston pin bosses being formed at opposite sides of the wall portion. The lubricant reservoir defining member is made from a shelf plate main body portion which provides a central lubricant reservoir and two openings on its opposite sides, and two major legs extending from the shelf plate main body portion and each formed with a hole surrounded by an annular portion. Each of the annular portions is engaged with an inner end portion of a corresponding one of the bosses and surrounds the piston pin hole thereof.

Abstract: A piston assembly for an internal combustion engine is made up from a piston main body and a lubricant reservoir defining member. The piston main body has a cup shaped structure including a crown portion and a hollow cylindrical wall portion joining thereto. The lubricant reservoir defining member includes a shelf plate main body portion formed with first and second depressions which define first and second lubricant reservoirs, and is securely mounted within the cup shaped piston structure with the shelf plate portion generally to and opposing the piston crown. The ratio of the surface area of the first lubricant reservoir to the surface area of the second lubricant reservoir is less than the ratio of the volume of the first lubricant reservoir to the volume of the second lubricant reservoir. Lubricant is supplied more towards the first lubricant reservoir and is drained more from the second reservoir.

Abstract: A cylindrical piston has a part-cylindrical outcut, which is slotted radially and contains a swingable pivot-member of at least part-cylindrical configuration borne in the outcut and pivoting therein under load. The mentioned outcut is formed partially around an axis which is normal to the longitudinal axis of the mentioned piston and extending through the longitudinal axis of the piston. A plurality of preferably part-annullarily formed grooves for the reception of pressure fluid are provided preferably in said pivot-member in order to lubricate bearing portions of said member between two adjacent grooves or recesses to assure a high pressure lubrication from both ends of the respective bearing portion. Efficiency and lifetime of said bearing portion is thereby increased and so is the bearing capability.

Abstract: A fluidic bearing seal assembly comprised of a plurality of floating back ring seals positioned in a plurality of annular grooves in a piston with at least one free-floating sealing wedge fitted to the outer peripheral edge of each backing ring for sliding along the cylinder wall. The piston has an inlet port and one way check valve means in the head thereof through which the working fluid is compressed during the compression stroke into a plurality of passageways that route the working fluid under pressure against said plurality of floating backing ring seals and into a pressure reservoir directly in contact with the cylinder wall and between adjacent backing ring seals to press the backing ring seals and seal wedges against the cylinder wall during the compression stroke and release the pressure from the ring seals and wedges during the return stroke of the piston.

Abstract: A swash plate type compressor, having a swash plate fixedly and slantingly secured to a drive shaft and also secured to pistons in such a manner that the pistons reciprocate as the swash plate rotates, has piston webs which have a sliding outer surface and a relief inner surface. A clearance exists between a circumferential surface of the swash plate and the relief surface which creates a wedge effect which, in turn, produces a lubricating film pressure that substantially reduces wear between the circumferential surface of the swash plate and the sliding surface.

Abstract: A pump piston assembly for a single acting reciprocating pump used in slush pumps handling liquids and semi-liquids carrying abrasives and other solid matter for the circulation of drilling fluid or slush in oil well drilling operations. A cast iron (or forged steel) piston element, having a hub extension for the mounting of an annular piston seal, is provided with a through opening for mounting of the piston assembly on the end of a piston rod. The large diameter metal base of the piston element is provided with a multi-channeled, or grooved, peripheral surface and an annular beveled edge at the piston rear face for the optimal flow of fluid into the piston peripheral surface during back strokes of the piston assembly for optimal fluid lubrication of the piston element within the pump cylinder lining. An annular fluid reservoir groove is also provided in the metal base for optimized retention of fluid for the multi-channeled peripheral surface with some embodiments.

Abstract: A cylindrical piston has a part-cylindrical outcut, which is slotted radially and contains a swingable pivot-member of at least part-cylindrical configuration borne in the outcut and pivoting therein under load. The mentioned outcut is formed partially around an axis which is normal to the longitudinal axis of the mentioned piston and extending through the longitudinal axis of the piston. A plurality of preferably part-annullarily formed grooves for the reception of pressure fluid are provided preferably in said pivot-member in order to lubricate bearing portions of said member between two adjacent grooves or recesses to assure a high pressure lubrication from both ends of the respective bearing portion. Efficiency and life time of said bearing portion is thereby increased and so is the bearing capability.

Abstract: A pumping system for oil production comprises a hydraulic unit set on the ground and adapted to send out a pressure oil, and a pump unit set in an oil well and adapted to draw up crude oil therefrom. The pump unit comprises a pump cylinder, and a plunger reciprocatingly moved in the pump cylinder. The plunger is provided with a clearance formed between the outer circumferential surface of a lower end portion thereof and the inner circumferential surface of the pump cylinder. The pressure oil supplied from the hydraulic unit is ejected from the clearance along the inner surface of the pump cylinder into a cylinder chamber.

Abstract: An anti-skid brake control system for motor vehicles including a housing, a power piston movable therein and dividing the interior of the housing into two chambers one on each side of the power piston, a conduit member connecting one of the chambers to an engine intake manifold, and a solenoid valve for controlling a pressure differential between the chambers in response to an input signal. The housing has an internally projecting guiding member on which is free to slidingly reciprocate a blind bore of the power piston having a plurality of axial grooves in its internal surface for storage of lubricant grease and communication of the blind bore with the interior of the housing.

Abstract: A two-piece piston assembly comprises an upper portion or a ring carrier part that may be made of malleable iron, cast iron, or a similar iron, and a lower portion or cross-head part, referred to as a skirt, that may be made of aluminum or an alloy thereof. The assembly is configured to increase the contact of cooling liquid with the underside of the crown and eliminate problems accompanying undue heating in this area of the piston. The cocktail-shaker action of the two-piece piston assembly is employed to enhance the cooling effect. A separate cup-like device is secured around the outside of the lower end of the crown member of the piston and is thus positioned between the upper and lower portions of the piston to retain the oil and effectively deliver it to the underside of the crown.

Abstract: A glide shoe of a hydraulic piston machine has a glide face which is in gliding contact with a gliding surface of a piston-reciprocating element. The glide shoe has a bore which communicates with an interior of a housing of the machine and extends toward the glide face so that a working medium which flows through the bore causes build-up of a hydrostatic pressure between the bore and the glide surface of the piston-reciprocating element. The glide face is continuous and is interrupted only by recess means which occupies not more than a relatively small portion of the glide face so that a relatively high hydrodynamic pressure can build up between the remainder portion of the glide face and the glide surface of the piston-reciprocating element during working movement of the glide shoe relative to the piston-reciprocating element.

Abstract: A piston for medium-speed internal combustion engines having a ring groove for receiving a compression piston ring. The upper and lower flanks of the ring groove when the engine is cold deviate from a plane-parallel position in relation to the adjoining upper and lower flanks respectively of the ring to such an extent that under the mechanical and thermal loading of the combustion gases in operation of the engine under rated load they are deformed into a position plane-parallel with the flanks of the ring.

Abstract: A downhole oil well hydraulic pump has a reciprocating piston assembly with a piston ring mounted in a groove around the piston. This piston ring groove has a main portion which loosely mounts a piston ring and an auxiliary portion joining the main portion which accumulates well fluid to lubricate the piston ring during operation of the pump.

Abstract: A gas-operated piston cylinder assembly arranged between upper and lower die members of a press. The lower end of the cylinder communicates with a source of high pressure gas and also communicates through a passageway with the upper rod end of the cylinder which is sealed from the surrounding atmosphere. The piston rod has a cross sectional area only slightly smaller than the piston. The passageway between the lower and the upper ends of the cylinder contains a lubricant impregnated member and a by-pass controlled by a check valve which allows gas flowing from the rod end of the cylinder to the lower end thereof to bypass the lubricant impregnated member.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston used in particular in heat engines and other industrial machines comprises at least one decompression chamber delimited between the bottom of an annular groove and the inner face of the first ring housed in this groove. A split ring of small cross section is movable in this decompression chamber. Additionally the upper bead of the piston presents on its periphery projecting parts and recessed parts, the projecting parts having an initial deameter, before running-in, such that the diametrical clearance when cold, between the periphery of the bead and the bore of the cylinder in which the piston is housed, is substantially equal to half the corresponding usual clearance between conventional upper bead and cylinder.

Abstract: An integral power steering gear assembly includes a piston and cylinder combination having greater output efficiency through improved fluid balancing and cushioning of the piston at its ends. The improved cushioning utilizes oil capillary slots in lieu of previously proposed epoxy resin strips. The slots may be fed with high pressure fluid filled by feed grooves along the sides of the piston adjacent the output rack. The slots are designed to have a shallow depth, preferably 0.001 inch-0.0025 inch, which is sufficient to provide for high capillary attraction of the oil molecules to the slot. The trapped oil molecules prevent slip stick action, that is molecular interaction between the piston and cylinder wall, but at the same time, the oil molecules remain trapped or isolated within the walls of the slot thereby minimizing leakage from the slot. The operating oil is delivered with higher efficiency in the power steering unit by a bifurcated oil delivery passage communicating with the inlet slot of the piston.

Abstract: A method of reducing fuel and oil consumption in an internal combustion engine in which the cylinder walls of the engine are peened with glass spheres having a diameter within the range of form about 0.002 inches to about 0.004 inches. The glass spheres form a multiplicity of local depressions and surface compression at the points of impact and are directed against the cylinder walls for a period of time sufficient to form the depressions over the entire surface area without leaving flat portions of the surface between the depressions. In some embodiments the cylinder walls are coated with a lubricating agent such as graphite prior to being peened. After the peening step the walls are lightly honed to produce substantially flat supporting areas between the individual depressions.

Abstract: A piston for a pneumatic cylinder having a guide and sealing annular member extending around the circumference of the piston, and a resilient bearing member biassing the guide and sealing member in a direction for sealing engagement with the internal surface of the cylinder. The guide and sealing member has a plurality of axially consecutive, radially projecting sections for surface contact with the internal surface of the cylinder, each pair of adjacent sections defining a cavity therebetween. The material of the guide and sealing member between adjacent radially projecting sections of the guide and sealing member define a hinge-like connection therebetween.

Abstract: This reciprocating piston, particularly for heat engines, compressors, coises at least one upper bead the side surface or periphery whereof presents projecting portions and recessed portions. The projecting portions of this periphery have an initial diameter, before running-in, such that the initial diametrical clearance between the periphery of the upper bead and the cylinder, cold, is substantially equal to half the clearance usually provided between the conventional upper bead and cylinder, so that, during the running-in, the projecting portions of the upper, pressed against the inner wall of the cyliner, may contract and be compressed in the recessed portions which absorb them.Further, the piston presents at least one cavity opening on the periphery of the first bead of the piston and at least one mobile piece partially occupying this cavity and which moves therein due to the movement of the piston, to prevent, without other deterioration, any considerable deposits of calamine.

Abstract: A piston for use with a rotary piston rod or so-called rotary piston can be constructed so as to utilize a solid sleeve-like piston body of a material selected from the group consisting of structural carbon and graphite. This piston body is utilized around an elongated, tubular center member which has openings extending to the interior of the piston body for the purpose of conveying hydraulic fluid so as to lubricate the piston body to facilitate relative rotation of the piston body relative to the sleeve. Appropriate grooves holding elastomeric fluorocarbon sealing rings are located in the piston body and holding structures are provided for holding the piston on the sleeve. The piston is particularly adapted for use in machines for use for cleaning tubes and pipes.

Abstract: Piston shoes in radial piston devices of the prior art were provided with balancing fluid pressure pockets of circular configuration or of elongation normal to the movement direction of the piston shoes. Piston shoes had to provide the space for said pockets and thereby extended over the diameter of the piston. That resulted in deformation of the piston shoe and in friction in areas that cannot be lubricated between the piston shoe outer face and the piston actuator guide face. The invention provides a pair of balancing pockets normal to that of the prior art and extended in the movement direction of the piston shoes. Piston shoes are therefore short in the direction of the pivot axis, deformations are prevented and the areas that cannot be lubricated are reduced to a minimum or removed. The piston shoe becomes thereby able to operate under higher pressures, increased relative speeds and with better efficiency at assured perfect lubrication between neighboring faces.

Abstract: A plastic air cylinder assembled by the specific combination of a plurality of metal tie rods, inside and outside nuts, a resilient and compressible member and supporting plates whereby the plastic cylinder tube is permitted to expand more than the metal tie rods.

Abstract: A piston-cylinder arrangement comprising a cylinder member and piston means mounted slideably therein, the piston means comprising a piston member and a packing member mounted on the piston member for movement therewith, wherein said packing member has first and second axially spaced radially outer surfaces dimensioned such that each contacts slidingly against said cylinder wall and wherein the piston means comprises a lubricant reservoir in communication with the space between said surfaces, which space is substantially closed by said cylinder wall.

Abstract: A piston, especially for a pneumatic cylinder, includes a disc-shaped piston head and a sealing element on the head, such element has at least one annular sealing lip extending outwardly of the peripheral sliding surface of the head, the sealing lip being of elastic and resilient material and being of conical form relative to a central axis of the piston head, an outer free edge of the lip thereby being capable of sealingly engaging the wall of the cylinder.

Abstract: A piston for internal combustion engines which is cooled by means of splash oil, and in which the piston interior space is closed off by a collecting trough arranged at the lower end of the piston and provided with an opening for the passage of the connecting rod.

Abstract: A piston is formed with a peripheral groove for receiving a scraper ring, and an annular, axially extending recess is formed in the face of the scraper ring groove on the side thereof toward the piston crown and adjacent the piston wall, with the recess terminating in an oil-recovery lip at the piston wall and spaced from the adjacent oil-scraping edge of a scraper ring mounted in the groove. The annular recess acts as a reservoir for oil scraped from the wall of a cylinder in which the assembly is reciprocated, which oil is subject to a force attracting it toward the crown of the piston and permits the oil from the reservoir to flow between those adjacent surfaces of the ring and groove closer to the piston crown and out through an outlet from the groove.

Abstract: The piston of a hydraulic cylinder is provided with a corrugated running surface composed of angularly disposed ribs and valleys therebetween, the ribs bearing against the relatively smooth bore of the tubular casing in which the piston reciprocates. Whereas the ribs on the piston provide a corrugated running surface bearing against the bore, the cylinder head, in which the piston rod is journaled, is formed with a similarly corrugated running surface.

Abstract: A piston for internal combustion engines, preferably made from aluminum alloy, has machined, oil-dragging grooves formed on the periphery of the piston skirt and concave transitions with a sawtoothlike profile with an obtuse profile angle. The piston skirt is provided with an electrodeposited hard iron layer having a thickness of 1-30 .mu.m and contains 0.5-6% metal-oxy compounds incorporated therein.

Abstract: An improved piston assembly including a generally cylindrical piston body having a crown, a depending relatively short ring land and a central cavity comprising inner and outer chambers. Seal receiving grooves are disposed in the ring land and are adapted to receive sealing rings, one of the grooves being specifically adapted to receive an oil ring. A generally cylindrical skirt body is provided and has an end in proximity to the piston body adjacent the ring land and is aligned with the piston body. An annular groove in the end of the skirt body opens into the outer chamber of the central cavity for receiving cooling oil draining from the cavity and for splashing the cooling oil against the interior of the piston body to cool the same. Bores from the oil ring receiving groove convey oil from such groove to the annular groove.

Abstract: A piston for use in a hydraulic or other fluid operated device having sealing means intended to prevent the passage of working fluid between the piston and cylinder in which it moves consisting of the combination of at least one O ring or other sealing device arranged around the circumference of the piston and left and right hand intersecting helical channels formed over the length of the surface of the piston wall between the sealing device and the end of the piston subject to pressure of the working fluid. The helical channels act both to retain lubricating fluid and to provide a partial seal against the passage of working fluid between the piston and the cylinder, substantially complete sealing being effected by the sealing device.

Abstract: A motor or processing machine, such as a lowspeed radial piston motor, having a piston with a socket formed therein operatively contacting a ball formed on one end of a piston rod, to form a ball-and-socket joint with articulated movement, and a shoe on the other end of the piston rod, adapted to glide on a rotating element of the machine, such as a crankshaft eccentric, in which the entire piston rod is formed from a bronze-base bearing metal, such as steel bronze. At least the shoe of the piston rod may be coated with a thin, soft run-in layer, such as tin, and a pocket may be formed in the shoe of the piston rod to provide hydrostatic relief.

Abstract: The bearing surface of each piston is provided with hydrostatic pressure medium during operation to maintain the axis of the piston perpendicular to the guide surface. The pressure medium is supplied through throttle passages which terminate in feed openings at the corners or at uniformly distributed points remote from the piston axis. Cooperating guide ledges are also provided on each foot and on the guide member to prevent the piston bearing surfaces from falling away from their respective guide surfaces of the guide member.