Abstract: A ring carrier for a piston for an internal combustion engine is formed by a carrier body having an outer circumferential surface, an inner circumferential surface, a top surface and a bottom surface, with at least one ring groove formed in the outer circumferential surface. An outer circumferential portion of the ring carrier is formed of gray iron, and an inner circumferential portion is formed of ductile iron. A transition region between the outer circumferential portion and the inner circumferential portion intersects upper and lower flanks of the ring groove, so that an outer circumferential extent of the flanks is formed of gray iron and an inner circumferential extent of the flanks is formed of ductile iron.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine has a piston head, a piston skirt, and a circumferential recess configured between the piston head and the piston skirt. The piston has a piston base body and a piston ring element. The piston base body has a crown region of a combustion bowl and the piston skirt. The piston ring element has a piston crown, a wall region of the combustion bowl, a circumferential top land, and a circumferential ring belt with ring grooves. The piston ring element has a circumferential cooling channel between the wall region of the combustion bowl and the ring belt, closed with a closure element. The piston base body and the piston ring element have a circumferential joining seam in the region of the combustion bowl, by way of which seam they are non-releasably connected with one another.

Abstract: A piston head is formed to have a bowl, micro chambers in the piston body adjacent to the bowl, and orifices providing communication between the micro chambers and the bowl. The micro chambers are formed in the piston head by using grooves that in part define the volume of the reaction chambers, and which are completely sealed from above with permanently secured plugs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a piston for a combustion engine comprising a combustion recess, during which an annular fiber preform for reinforcing the edge of the combustion recess is firstly fastened inside the casting mold. Afterwards, a low-silicon aluminum/copper melt is introduced into the casting mold by which the fiber preform is infiltrated and molded into the recess edge within the scope of the casting process. The piston blank produced in this manner is then subsequently compacted by a high-temperature isostatic pressing before the piston is completed by means of a machining completion process. The flanks and the base areas of the second and third annular groove are coated by means of anodic oxidation, and the hub boreholes are smoothed and hardened by roller-burnishing. This results in a very high-quality and heavy-duty piston.

Abstract: By casting a preformed member composed of a fiber reinforced material into a base material of a piston, a pair of crown reinforcing portions corresponding to respective pin boss portions are formed on a crown portion, and the pair of crown reinforcing portions are connected to each other along the piston pin axis by a connecting portion. Thus, the strength of the piston is increased by the crown reinforcing portions, and also, heat distortion of the crown portion is inhibited since the crown reinforcing portions integrally connected to each other by the connecting portion are formed so as to serve as a rigid member extending along the piston pin axis.

Abstract: A piston of an internal combustion engine comprises a crown portion constructed of an aluminum alloy. The crown portion has a bowl in a top surface thereof. The bowl serves as a combustion chamber. Boss portions are projected downward from the crown portion. The boss portions have aligned piston pin holes respectively which have a common axis. A generally annular reinforced zone is provided on the top surface of the crown and extends around a peripheral edge of the bowl. The mechanical strength of the reinforced zone gradually lowers as the distance from the common axis increases.

Abstract: A composite piston and method for forming such a piston for a reciprocating machine such as an internal combustion engine. A blank is formed from a pair of dissimilar alloys, one of which has substantially greater properties such as strength or abrasion resistance. The blank is forged into a piston in such a way that the two materials are bonded together in the forging process. The higher strength and/or abrasion resistance material forms at least a part of the outer surface of the piston in areas where the better properties are required. The other material backs up the higher strength or hardness material in necessary areas so as to provide an integral structure that has lightweight, low costs and nevertheless the desired properties. Various physical constructions and forming operations are disclosed.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes an insert defining an air chamber opening into the combustion chamber. The insert is preformed to a desired configuration and the piston cast around the insert thus securing the insert within the structure of the piston. The insert may be located wholly within the piston or may have a flange part which extends over an outer surface of the piston.

Abstract: A cast piston which includes a metal insert and a combustion bowl, with the metal insert defining a sharp undercut structure at an upper portion of the combustion bowl. The sharp undercut structure of the insert contains combustible gases and helps improve emissions. The metal insert also strengthens the head of the piston. The cast piston is fabricated by positioning the metal insert in a casting mold and casting a piston in the mold. The final shape of the combustion bowl is produced by a machining process which forms the sharp undercut structure on the insert.

Abstract: Piston with a reinforcing insert, presenting a top face (11) with a recessed combustion chamber (12) provided with a lateral peripheral wall, defined by the annular insert (20), which presents an internal end face (24) with a radial extension (d.sub.1) that is substantially smaller than the radial extension (d.sub.2) of the opposite external end face (22) of the annular insert (20). The radial thickness of the insert (20) varies along the profile of its external peripheral face (23), in order to maintain a value necessary to meet the requirements of structural reinforcement of the piston (10), at the region where the insert (20) is applied.

Abstract: This heat-insulating piston has a piston head comprising a piston head base portion consisting of a ceramic material, a heat-insulating member jointed to the piston head base portion and consisting of a whisker fired member of the same ceramic material as that of the piston head base portion, and a laminate jointed to the surface of the heat-insulating member that faces the combustion chamber, as well as to the surface that slides and consisting of the same ceramic material as that of the heat-insulating member. The heat-insulating member is stably jointed to the piston head base portion and laminate by utilizing the same ceramic material for the heat-insulating member, piston head base portion and laminate, whereby the strength of the piston head can be improved. Furthermore, the heat-insulating capability of the piston can be improved, while the thermal capacity of the laminate is made small, whereby the suction efficiency can also be improved.

Abstract: A ceramic-metal friction welded member includes a ceramic member formed with an annular notch in an outer circumference of its surface and a metal member joined onto the annular notch of the ceramic member by friction welding. A ceramic cast-in bonded piston includes a crown made of a ceramic material having an annular notch formed in an outer circumference of its surface, a metal annular member joined onto the annular notch of the crown by friction welding, and a piston main body made of an aluminum alloy surrounding the crown by cast-in bonding. A ceramic cast-in bonded piston includes a crown made of a ceramic material, a piston main body made of an aluminum alloy surrounding the crown by cast-in bonding, and an annular member made of a metal different from aluminum and joined by friction welding to an outer circumference of a surface of the crown in contact with the piston main body.

Abstract: The caliper disc brake comprises at least one hydraulic working chamber (20) intended for spacing apart from one another a piston (16) bearing on one brake shoe (12) and a caliper (18) bearing on the other brake shoe (14). The inner walls of the working chamber (20) are covered with a layer (22, 24) of a thermally insulated material.

Abstract: In a light alloy piston for use in diesel engines for an indirect fuel injection, a body of fibrous material is embedded in the cast piston head and is formed with a shallow combustion recess. In order to improve the conduction of heat outside the portion formed with the combustion recess, the body of fibrous material has a larger height on the side that is formed with the combustion recess than in the remaining portion of the piston head.

Abstract: In a heat-insulating piston comprising a ceramic cylindrical member having the lower end surface thereof in contact with the outer peripheral upper end surface of a piston skirt member, a head base member having the peripheral portion thereof in contact with an inner peripheral step portion of the cylindrical member and fixed to the piston skirt member, a heat-insulating member disposed on the head base member and a ceramic thin film member disposed on the heat-insulating member and having the peripheral portion thereof bonded to the cylindrical member, this invention relates to a heat-insulating piston which inserts metallic heat-resistant members between the inner peripheral step portion of the cylindrical member and the peripheral portion of the head base member in order to prevent the occurrence of a gap between the thin film member and the heat-insulating member.

Abstract: A reinforced lightweight metal piston having fibers within the piston crown to reinforce the crown surface to improve the thermal properties and wear resistance of the crown surface. The reinforcing fibers are embedded in the piston metal using a pressure casting process used to manufacture the piston. The fibers are selected from the group of aluminum silicate, alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron, boron carbide and graphite. The fibers can be orientated in the preform in several various directions. The wear resistance of the piston crown can be further increased by the addition of a ferrous heat plug. The fiber reinforced portion is located around the heat plug and provides improved physical and mechanical properties of the piston crown to reduce cracking of the crown around the heat plug and loosening of the heat plug due to metal creep.

Abstract: The invention is an improvement in a lightweight carbon-carbon composite piston, the improvement comprehending the use of near-net shape knitted or warp-interlock pre-forms to improve the structural qualitites of the piston. In its preferred embodiment, a one piece, tubular, closed-ended, knitted pre-form (a sock) of carbon fibers (11) embedded within the matrix of the piston structure forms the crown (12), side wall (15), skirt (16) and inner surface (18) of the piston, and wrap-interlock pre-forms strengthen the piston crown and wrist pin bosses.

Abstract: Pistons for internal combusion engines are described. The pistons comprise a crown component and a skirt component wherein the crown component consists of an iron or nickel based alloy annular portion having fitted directly therein a ceramic insert, the crown component being joined to the skirt component by an annular composite laminated member of steel and aluminium alloy the steel of the laminated member being energy beam welded to the annular portion of the crown component and the aluminum alloy of the laminated member being energy beam welded to the skirt component there being after welding a sealed, hollow, annular chamber disposed at the junction between the crown component and the skirt component. Embodiments are described having ceramic inserts of silicon nitride and including combustion bowls.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine, in particular of a passenger automobile, the piston including a ring carrier held in a piston basic body for accommodation of piston rings associated with the piston. In order to attain favorable transmission conditions for the piston transverse forces, the ring carrier is made of a ceramic material and is designed for at least partial transmission of the transverse forces acting on the piston to the cylinder wall. The ring carrier may be held in the piston basic body by casting-in or also with the help of a locking ring securing the ring carrier axially and in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a cylinder block, a piston and a piston ring. The cylinder block includes at least one cylinder bore which includes a cylinder bore surface. The piston is located within the cylinder bore of the cylinder block so as to be displaceable upwardly and downwardly in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder bore. The piston includes at least one annular groove which has at least one inclined surface such that a bottom of the annular groove is located lower than an outer edge of the annular groove. The piston ring includes an outer peripheral portion and an inner peripheral portion. The inner peripheral portion of the piston ring is located within the annular groove of the piston for sliding engagement with the inclined surface of the annular groove of the piston.

Abstract: A ceramic-metal composite body including (a) a ceramic member, (b) a ferrous metal member bonded to the ceramic member, (c) an intermediate metallic member joined to the iron base member, and (d) an aluminum member bonded to the intermediate metallic member. The ceramic member and the aluminum member are integrally joined through the ferrous metal member and the intermediate metallic member.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a ceramic insert cast piston for an internal combustion engine which includes a head made of ceramic, a metal ring fitted around the peripheral portion of the ceramic head, and a piston body made of a metal by casting a metal around the ceramic head with the metal ring thereon, wherein an air insulating layer in the form of an annular groove is formed at the inner periphery of the metal ring and a buffer member is interposed between the ceramic head and the casting metal piston body.

Abstract: A piston for internal combustion engines is disclosed, which includes a piston main body of metallic material, and a ceramic piston head member embedded in the top portion of the piston main body. The piston head member is formed on its peripheral surface with one or more extensions of dovetail section protruding radially outwards and having an axially measured thickness which increases toward the outer end thereof. The piston head member is retained in place with a substantially constant retaining force, even during the operation of the engine.

Abstract: A piston for internal combustion engines made of a light alloy and comprising a skirt portion and a head portion, having a ceramic insert adapted on the head portion and connected to same by mechanical locking. The ceramic insert is provided with pores at least on the portion engaging the piston head. The pores have a size which enable them to be filled with the light alloy during the manufacture of the piston by the squeeze casting method.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an internal combustion engine piston having a metal piston body and a piston cap constituted by a plurality of ceramic pieces and fixed to the top portion of the metal piston body, wherein the piston cap is composed of at least one kind of a ceramic material, at least one of the ceramic pieces is fixed to the metal piston body through fitting or through engagement by way of a metallic piece secured onto said at least one ceramic piece, and the remaining ceramic piece or pieces are fixed onto the metal piston body by means of said at least one ceramic piece.

Abstract: An aluminum torpedo piston is provided with a piston head fabricated from a etal matrix composite material composed of aluminum and silicon carbide fibers that are integrally joined by an inertial welding technique. A 23% weight of silicon carbide fibers to powdered aluminum was selected. Resistance to intense heating which would otherwise cause melting and erosion of the piston is avoided to permit longer, high speed runs.

Abstract: A reinforced piston is provided for an internal combustion engine. The uppermost piston ring groove is as close as possible to the crown of the piston. At least the lower surface of the groove is defined by an en-cast insert and overlying this is a portion of the crown reinforced by fibres, thus allowing this portion to be thin and the spacing between the ring groove and the upper surface of the crown to be minimized. The reinforced crown portion also holds the insert against axial separating movement. The crown can be provided with a combustion bowl whose entrance is reinforced by the fibres.

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced piston for internal combustion engines, comprising a molded body of inorganic fiber forming a top land and a ring region of the piston. The molded body has a content of granulated fiber having larger particles of a particle diameter less than 100 mesh in an amount of not more than 10 weight percent with respect to the total amount of fiber used, and a light alloy matrix fills and is combined with the molded body of inorganic fiber.

Abstract: A cast light metal piston for internal combustion engines is provided with a ceramic insert in those zones which are highly thermally stressed and/or for heat insulation. To form a high-strength bond between the light metal and the insert, high-strength fibers are embedded in the light metal in the zone adjoining the insert.

Abstract: An integrally cast composite piston assembly is disclosed which is effective to carry a ceramic plate in an iron based cap. The assembly comprises a cylindrical piston body, preferably of aluminum, having a crown top, an annular crown side wall with an upper edge, and an annular undercut surface terminating the crown side wall. The undercut surface must make an angle with a plane extending perpendicular to the axis of the piston, the angle being substantially equal to the arc tangent of H/R where H is the median distance of the undercut surface from the plane and R is the median radius of the undercut surface from the axis of the piston.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an internal combustion engine piston comprising a piston cap formed from a plurality of ceramic pieces, and a metal piston body, the piston cap being fixed to the top portion of the metal piston body, wherein the piston cap is made of one or more types of ceramic materials, and the ceramic pieces constituting the ceramic cap and the metal piston body are bonded together through a metallized layer coated onto the ceramic pieces and a metal-plated layer coated onto the metallized layer in such a manner that the bonding area between the ceramic piece or pieces and the metal piston body may be larger at a top central portion of the metal piston body than that between the ceramic piece or pieces and the metal piston body at another portion thereof. Also disclosed is a method of producing the same.

Abstract: A flame spray material for producing a thermally shock and erosion resistant ceramic coating is comprised of a homogeneous ceramic composition formed of zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide and titanium oxide. The composition is preferably in the form of composite particles each of which contains a plurality of subparticles of each of the oxide constituents bonded with an organic binder.

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced lighweight alloy piston for an internal-combustion engine, comprising a piston body having a compression ring groove whose bounding surface is reinforced with alumina fibers. At least those alumina fibers positioned in the region of the annular opening of the groove has a crystalline structure of .theta./.alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 type and a specific gravity limited to a value between 3.7 and 3.9.

Abstract: The reinforcement of the crown of a piston of aluminum or aluminum alloy for an internal combustion engine comprises the preparation of a reinforcement member (10, 13) which is provided with apertures (11, 14), or reentrants. The reinforcement member is placed in a crown-forming part (18) of a piston die in a squeeze casting apparatus and the piston is squeeze cast. The molten metal penetrates the apertures, or enters the reentrants, and these are so shaped that when the molten metal has solidified, keys are formed which connect securely the reinforcement member to the aluminum or aluminum alloy. Further reinforcement members can then be readily brazed or welded to the first reinforcement member.

Abstract: A composite piston structure and a method of making same is disclosed. A piston member, carrier member, and ceramic facing member are formed, the piston member being comprised of a material selected from plastic and metal having a density of less than 0.15 lb/in.sup.3, the ceramic facing member, preferably comprised of a material selected from zirconia and aluminia, and carrier member preferably comprised of a material selected from stainless steel and cast iron. The carrier member material has a coefficient of thermal expansion differing from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic by up to 2.0.times.10.sup.-6 in/in/.degree.F. An annular grooved wall is defined in the side surface of the piston member and disposed at a location radially opposite a portion of the carrier member when the latter is wrapped about the top of the piston member.

Abstract: An engine piston is formed with a top crown surface and a top ring groove. An upper annular land surface is defined between the top ring groove and the edge of the top crown surface. The upper annular land surface and the side walls of the top ring groove are defined by a part of the piston which is formed of a matrix metal reinforced with inorganic fibers. The proportion of the inorganic fibers by volume in the reinforced part of the piston may optionally be approximately between 2% and 10%.

Abstract: An improved heat insulated piston assembly for an internal combustion engine and a method of assembly. The improved piston assembly includes a piston constructed of a sleeve having an interference fit about a heat insulated core. The core has a first end positioned flush with an end of the sleeve and has a second end located within the sleeve with a concave configured cavity formed therein. Mating in the concave configured cavity of the core is a connecting rod having a spherical ball shaped end. The spherical ball shaped end is securely held in the cavity by a retaining ring which attaches to the piston sleeve. The retaining ring allows for limited movement of the spherical ball shaped end of the connecting rod in the cavity while providing a means for returning the piston to its bottom position during the intake stroke.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of modifying a conventional internal combustion engine to accept ceramic material. A cast iron extension mamber is metallurgically joined to the cast iron engine block, the extension member having a wall defining a bore opening aligned with and larger than the bore opening of the engine block. The extension member has a height substantially equal to or greater than the axial stroke of the piston. The diameter of the upper portion of the wall, defining the bore opening in the engine block, is enlarged to define an annular shoulder; the shoulder has an outer surface substantially axially aligned with the wall defining the bore opening in the extension member. A cylindrical ceramic liner, such as zirconia or alumina, is attached within the wall of the bore opening of the extension member by use of a high strength metallic sleeve which is fitted along the outer surface of the shoulder. The ceramic liner has an internal surface aligned with the wall of the bore opening in the engine block.

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced piston for internal combustion engines, comprising a molded body of inorganic fiber forming a top land and a ring region of the piston. The molded body has a content of granulated fiber having larger particles of a particle diameter less than 100 mesh in an amount of not more than 10 weight percent with respect to the total amount of fiber used, and a light alloy matrix fills and is combined with the molded body of inorganic fiber.

Abstract: Ceramic inserts are embedded in thermally highly loaded zones and/or as a heat insulation in light metal castings for use in internal combustion engines.To provide a firm joint between the insert and the light metal, a metallic material which resists creep and/or relaxation is shrunk on the insert before it is embedded.

Abstract: A piston includes an insert, such as a piston ring insert or crown insert. In order to prevent the insert springing off the piston body in an axial direction, the insert is so formed with a recess or recesses which interlock with projections on the piston body so that the mechanical interlock between them holds the insert securely on the piston body. Further interlocking recesses and projections may be provided which are arranged to prevent relative rotation between the insert and the piston body.

Abstract: The method effects a tight fit of a ferrous ring reinforcement at the head end of an aluminum alloy piston which tight fit remains during use of the piston. The procedural steps of the preferred method include: providing an aluminum alloy piston slug with an annular shoulder adjacent its head end; solution heat treating the aluminum alloy slug for one hour minimum at a temperature within the range of from 483.degree. C. to 510.degree. C. (900.degree. F. to 950.degree. F.); rapidly cooling the solution heat-treated aluminum alloy slug to create a super-saturated aluminum alloy solid solution; preheating the ferrous ring to approximately 538.degree. C. (1000.degree. F.), a temperature above the head end temperature during use of the piston, to expand the ring temporarily; preheating the aluminum alloy slug to a working temperature of approximately 204.degree. C. (400.degree. F.

Abstract: The invention provides a piston formed by casting a metal piston body under pressure around an insert, the body being made of aluminium or aluminium alloy and the insert being made of a porous layer having a thickness 20 to 50 times the pore diameter and completely filled with the piston body metal which projects from the body into the pores of the insert.

Abstract: A light alloy piston for diesel engines includes a piston head coated with a hard annodized layer having a combustion chamber recess and/or a fuel-guiding channel provided adjacent to the edge of the combustion chamber recess and/or valve pockets. The piston head is free of a hard anodized layer in those regions which are highly stressed by gas and mass forces. Preferably those regions of the piston head adjacent to edge portions of the combustion chamber recess lying in the direction of the piston pin are free of a hard anodized layer.