Abstract: A piston and ring assembly operative within a cylindrical bore wall to retain fluid to one side. The piston has a side wall for movement along the cylindrical wall and has one or more spaced grooves in the side wall, each groove defining a pair of interior groove surfaces spaced apart a uniform distance; at least one sealing element presenting a pair of opposed surfaces operating between and along the pair of groove surfaces, the sealing element being capable of engaging the cylindrical wall, the spacing between the opposed surfaces of the sealing element and the pair of interior surfaces of the groove being no greater than ten microns; and a solid film lubricant mixture coating the groove surfaces and the opposed surfaces of the sealing element, whereby surface adhesion of the fluid, present in the spacing, inhibiting migration of such fluid through the spacing and flutter of the sealing element, in said spacing, being essentially eliminated.

Abstract: A piston having at least one piston ring in combination with a cylinder of a two-stroke internal combustion engine. The piston is made from an aluminum alloy and has a running layer covering at least 80% of the running surface of the piston. The running layer is made from resin-bound graphite. The piston ring has a crowned running surface and is made from cast iron or steel. The cylinder includes a running surface where at least the running surface is made from an aluminum alloy. The running surface has a roughness of less than 1 micron. The running layer on the piston has a thickness between 10 and 20 microns. The graphite particles which form the running layer have a size between 1 and 10 microns.

Abstract: A closed-type compressor includes a closed casing accommodating an electric motor from which a rotational shaft extends and a compressing machine to be operated by the motor and the compressing machine is of a reciprocating-type and provided with sliding portions. A hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant is used as a compressor refrigerant, and a refrigerator oil consisting essentially of ester is used as a lubricating oil. The sliding portions of the compressing machine each is formed of two members one of which is made of cast iron subjected to an insoluble film forming process using manganese phosphate and another one of which is made of carbon steel.

Abstract: The piston made in accordance with the teachings herein includes a primary compression ring groove, a bottom and rear wall surface of which are hardened by the method of laser hardening. The method includes the steps of spraying the primary groove with a graphite spray and then directing an angled elliptical in cross section laser beam at the bottom surface of the groove while rotating the cylinder head at predetermined parameters.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake piston (11) is formed of a clay based ceramic or conventional ceramic material, such as a kaolin based ceramic with a low thermal conductivity. The piston (11) may be incorporated in a disc brake assembly comprising a caliper body (10) provided with a cylinder which receives the piston (11). Hydraulic brake fluid is introduced under pressure into the space (12) within the body (10) to displace the piston from the body and into contact with a disc pad (14). The ceramic piston retards heat transfer from the disc pad into the brake fluid thus reducing the cause for vapor lock.

Abstract: A piston assembly operable within a fluid bathed, cylinder wall, comprising a piston body (10) having at least one annular land (36) adapted to be in close-fitting relationship to the cylinder wall (37) an abradable coating (15) tenaciously adhered to said at least the one land (36) effective to create and sustain substantially zero clearance with the fluid bathed cylinder wall and a heat sink in the form of at least one of (i) heat conductors (23) in the coating to conduct heat from the land (36) and (ii) a piston body interior (52) effective to receive a heat conducting fluid (26) moving along the interior to extract heat therefrom. The abradable coating comprises solid lubricants at least two of which are selected from the group consisting of graphite, molydisulphide and boron nitride The heat conductors in the coating preferably consist of copper particles distributed throughout the coating and constitute at least 70-90% by weight of the abradable coating.

Abstract: A piston assembly is disclosed for use in an engine, which comprises a piston body including a crown, a skirt extending from the crown, and a pair of gudgeon pin bosses connected to the skirt. The skirt defines an exterior surface of the piston body and a tin-containing electrodeposited plating extends at least partially over the exterior surface of the skirt and a gudgeon pin/piston interface for added wear resistance.

Abstract: A piston having a defined sized outer diameter. The piston has a defined, coated surface which determines the specific outer diameter of such surface which is the contact surface with the cylinder of an internal combustion engine. The defined surfaces are either the skirt or the top land ring, or both.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sizing a piston to a defined size outer diameter surface, which is the contact surface with the cylinder of an internal combustion engine. The apparatus method involves first measuring each piston, then calculating the amount of coating required to achieve the desired diameter for each individual piston or range of pistons and then applying a precise coating in either one or more coats preferably by using a rotary pad printing technique to produce the precise film thickness, thus narrowing the diameter range of the group of pistons.

Abstract: A piston and ring assembly operative within a cylindrical bore wall to retain fluid to one side of the assembly, comprising a piston having at least one annular stepped groove in the side wall of the piston, the groove being stepped into uppermost and lowermost spaces with the uppermost space having the greatest depth; at least two split compression rings in the groove, effective to each substantially annularly engage the bore wall, the rings having mating surfaces superimposed one upon another and having their split ends out of superimposed alignment, and a solid lubricant that coats essentially all of the groove and constitutes the non-mating surfaces of the superimposed rings. Pressure of the retained fluid forces the rings together to act in unison and seal jointly against both the step and a side of the groove opposite the retained fluid.

Abstract: The coating of the cylindrical periphery of engine pistons with coating compound, in particular low friction materials, is performed by means of screen printing. The pistons can be coated in the vertical position around their vertical central longitudinal axis as they rotate past a screen printing stencil.

Abstract: A low-friction piston construction for use in an oil-fed cylinder bore with the piston skirt relieved to define lands that are coated with SFL (graphite, MoS.sub.2, BN, and a special expoxy resin). A method of making such piston construction including provision of asperities on the skirt wall onto which the SFL coating is thermally sprayed and formation of small pockets at the mouth of the asperities to additionally act as oil replenishing reservoirs. A method of using such piston construction in an engine which comprises provisions of a slightly increased gap between the piston and cylinder wall and formation of a transferred SFL coating from the piston to the cylinder wall resulting in two polished microsmooth mating coatings, each attractive to oil films.

Abstract: Pistons and a method for their manufacture are described. The piston has at least one piston ring groove reinforcing member being annular in form and having, in cross-section, upper and lower, generally radially extending face portions and a radially inner, generally axially extending face portion between the two generally radially extending face portions, the generally axially extending face portion being coated with particulate material by a physical vapor deposition technique, to provide a porous adhesion assisting layer.

Abstract: A refrigerant compressor for using HFC 134a as a refrigerant and a refrigerator oil such as polyether type oil, polyester type oil, or the like which is compatible thereto is disclosed. The refrigerant compressor has a iron type substrate with a compound layer mainly made of iron sulfide on sliding portions such as sliding parts and shaft in the compression mechanism. The sliding parts in the compression mechanism are a cylinder and a rotor and a piston which are moving parts. In a rotary type compressor, the sliding parts are a blade and so forth. The hardness of the compound layer mainly made of the aforementioned iron sulfide is large and thereby effectively preventing metals from being contacted and preventing adhesive abrasion which is the primary cause of the abrasion of the sliding portions.

Abstract: A coated piston and a process for applying same to a piston of an internal combustion engine having a cylinder. The piston and cylinder are made primarily from a lightweight metal. Graphite bonded in cured resin is applied to the piston and forms a durable running layer.

Abstract: A wrist pin is provided for connecting a connecting rod to a piston, comprising a cylindrical aluminum pin having an outer cylindrical surface, the pin being matingly insertable into a bore of a piston, the outer cylindrical surface having an anodized coating applied thereto. A process for manufacturing a wrist pin is also provided, comprising the steps of machining a cylindrical pin, having an outer cylindrical surface, from aluminum stock; and applying an anodized coating to the outer cylindrical surface. The preferred anodized coating comprises a hardcoat anodized coating.

Abstract: A low-friction piston construction for use in an oil-fed cylinder bore with the piston skirt relieved to define lands that are coated with SFL (graphite, MoS.sub.2, BN, and a special expoxy resin). A method of making such piston construction including provision of asperities on the skirt wall onto which the SFL coating is thermally sprayed and formation of small pockets at the mouth of the asperities to additionally act as oil replenishing reservoirs. A method of using such piston construction in an engine which comprises provisions of a slightly increased gap between the piston and cylinder wall and formation of a transferred SFL coating from the piston to the cylinder wall resulting in two polished microsmooth mating coatings, each attractive to oil films.

Abstract: An abrasion and scuff resistant piston comprises a piston main body of aluminum alloy, a ring groove for retaining a piston ring, an abrasion resistant nickel plate layer covering at least the ring groove, a piston skirt, also of aluminum alloy and an abrasion resistant steel plate layer covering the lower outer circumference of the piston including the piston skirt.

Abstract: A two-cycle, water-cooled marine engine having an engine block composed of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy. The silicon is distributed as discrete particles throughout the block, including the area bordering the walls of the cylinder bores. An aluminum piston is mounted for movement within each cylinder bore and the outer peripheral surface of each piston is plated with iron. With the iron plated piston in combination with the aluminum silicon alloy engine block, the engine is capable of being restarted after the engine seizes due to overheating caused by a blockage of the water cooling system.

Abstract: Pistons and a method for making them are described. The pistons have reinforcing components, such as piston ring groove inserts, incorporated therein. The reinforcements have one or more porous bodies joined thereto, for example, by brazing and which are infiltrated during casting of the piston.

Abstract: In a light alloy piston for use in diesel engines for an indirect fuel injection, a body of fibrous material is embedded in the cast piston head and is formed with a shallow combustion recess. In order to improve the conduction of heat outside the portion formed with the combustion recess, the body of fibrous material has a larger height on the side that is formed with the combustion recess than in the remaining portion of the piston head.

Abstract: A sliding structure such as a compressor and etc. comprising a member made of an iron base material and another member having a porous ceramic layer slidably contacted with the iron base member, wherein the surface portion of the iron base member has both a porous oxide film containing tri-iron tetroxide as a main constituent, and an oxynitride layer formed under the oxide film.

Abstract: This specification describes the thermal spraying of an aluminum-bronze alloy coating onto aluminum alloy cylinder bores or piston skirts to provide a scuff- and wear-resistant surface.

Abstract: In a pressure-diecast light-alloy piston for internal combustion engines, which piston comprises shaped fibrous bodies which are partly embedded in at least one of the piston head, ring zone, piston pin bosses and skirt of the piston, which bodies comprise short ceramic fibers, lying in a common plane and in said plane having a random orientation, the improvement wherein the piston (1) is made of a high-temperature magnesium alloy, the piston skirt at least on its sliding surfaces has a chemically applied or electrodeposited metallic sliding layer (3) which has a thickness of about 10 to 30 .mu.m and a hardness of about 740 to 850 HV.sub.0.01, and the inside surface of the piston is coated with a thin plastic paint layer (2) or an anodized magnesium oxide layer.

Abstract: A piston installed into a cylinder of an engine includes annular projections formed in axially spaced relation on a top land facing a cylinder inner wall and having a saw-toothed cross-section in which the external diameter of the projections are such that, when cold, that adjacent the lower end of the top land is greater than that adjacent the upper end thereof. Thereby the effective clearance between the top land face and the cylinder inner wall is reduced. This causes a reduction in the hydrocarbon content of the incompletely consumed combustion gas, and prevents the temperature from rising in the top ring groove and thus prevents the wearing of the groove.

Abstract: A fuel ignition products adhesive coating is disposed on the surface of an internal combustion engine piston. The coating protects the surface from corrosion and wear caused by the combustion of fuel in the cylinder.

Abstract: A piston assembly (10) of the type for reciprocating in an internal combustion engine. The assembly (10) includes an integral aluminum head (12) and skirt (14). The skirt (14) has an outer surface for engaging a cylinder wall which includes a plurality of pointed ridges (24). The pointed ridges (24) extend annularly about the skirt (14) and are each separated by a valley (26). The ridges (24) and valleys (26) are coated with a fluorocarbon polymer. The piston therefore has an improved wear surface for increasing the efficiency of the engine.

Abstract: A piston for internal combustion engines has a piston-ring groove which is strengthened with a composite layer based on porous metal which is embedded around the piston-ring groove. The porous metal contains at least more than 10% Cr, and the volumetric ratio of the porous metal is between 8 to 70%, so that even though the engine is put in action under high heat loads, no crack is initiated in the piston.

Abstract: On a machine element of a metallic material, for example, a piston or a piston rod (7, 7') for a shock absorber for a motor vehicle, with at least one hard-material coating deposited on the machine element, the hard-material coating essentially consists of an alloy of silicon and carbon, preferably of Si.sub.x C.sub.1-x, x having a value of from 0 to 1. The deposition of the hard-material coating occurs on the cathode or the anode of a plasma CVD unit at a pressure of the gas or gas mixture in the deposition chamber (1) of between 10.sup.-4 and 20 millibars.

Abstract: Improvements in internal combustion engines and/or components thereof resulting from applying thin coatings or films of synthetic diamond or diamond-like material thereto and, in certain instances, overcoating such synthetic diamond material with a thin layer of chromium for providing certain protective effects. In one form, the entire piston of an internal combustion engine is coated with a thin layer of synthetic diamond material protecting same against heat and chemical corrosion effects during the operation of the engine. In another form, piston rings or ring components are coated with such synthetic diamond material in thicknesses varying from 0.00001" to 0.001" or more. Retaining cavities formed in the head of the piston which retain the piston rings may also be similarly coated. The piston pin and/or its retaining rings may also contain such synthetic diamond material coating as may the top and side walls of the piston.

Abstract: A piston member for an internal combustion engine of, for example, a motor bicycle is provided with bosses having inner end surfaces opposing to each other into which a piston pin is inserted. A connecting rod has small and large end portions and the small end portion is slidably coupled with the end surfaces when the connecting rod is inserted into the body of the piston member through a cutout portion formed at one end thereof to form a skirt portion. The sizes, dimensions, and structures of the end surfaces of the bosses, the cutout portion, and the associated elements are determined to be suitable for coating thin films of metallic particles on the end surfaces by flame coating means.

Abstract: Light alloy articles comprising a body of light alloy having a composite fiber/light alloy layer, a sprayed heat-resistant alloy layer, and a sprayed ceramic base layer formed on the body in this sequence exhibit improved heat resistance and insulation and are very useful in the manufacture of internal combustion engine pistons. A method for producing such a coated light alloy article by spraying is also provided.

Abstract: A piston for internal combustion engines made of a light alloy and comprising a skirt portion and a head portion, having a ceramic insert adapted on the head portion and connected to same by mechanical locking. The ceramic insert is provided with pores at least on the portion engaging the piston head. The pores have a size which enable them to be filled with the light alloy during the manufacture of the piston by the squeeze casting method.

Abstract: In a swash-plate type rotary compression, a pair of cylinder blocks are formed of an aluminum alloy containing 16 to 20 weight % silicon. A ring made of a synthetic resin having wear resistance and slidability is fitted in a ring groove formed in a sliding surface of each of pistons which is brought into sliding contact with the corresponding cylinder bore, or a coating layer formed of a ferrous metal is provided on the above sliding surface. A drive shaft is fitted in a central bore in each of the cylinder blocks such that radial load exerted by the drive shaft is directly borne by an inner peripheral surface of the central bore, and an oil passageway supplies lubricating oil to a clearance between an outer peripheral surface of the drive shaft and the inner peripheral surface of the central bore.

Abstract: In a piston for internal combustion engines, a cover layer comprising a material having a relatively low thermal conductivity has been applied to the piston head by plasma or flame spraying. To increase the life of the cover layer until it separates from the body of the piston, the surface of the cover layer has a peak-to-valley height of 5 to 30 .mu.m.

Abstract: A composite sliding structure which can be applied to automotive shock absorbers or sliding portions of hydraulic apparatus or pneumatic apparatus and comprises a deformable member in the form of piston, bush, or spherical seat, and a sliding member acting as a self-lubricating sliding member, which is partially deformed plastically and united with the deformable member into one body, thereby to prevent noise, vibration, an oil or gas leak.

Abstract: The detonation-resistant material is applied to a piston to reduce the likelihood of damage to the piston caused by pinking or knocking. The detonation-resistant material, which may be nickel or a nickel based material, is applied to the upper part of the ring band and around an annular portion of the crown adjacent the edge of the crown. The ring band is, before treatment, machined to form a recess extending therearound which is filled with the detonation-resistant material by a plating process. Thus, on the ring band, the detonation-resistant material does not extend radially outwardly of the remainder of the ring band. This reduces the possibility of the detonation-resistant material scraping or scuffing on the associated cylinder or liner during movement of the piston in the associated cylinder or liner and also reduces the likelihood of the detonation-resistant material being scraped off.

Abstract: A flame spray material for producing a thermally shock and erosion resistant ceramic coating is comprised of a homogeneous ceramic composition formed of zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide and titanium oxide. The composition is preferably in the form of composite particles each of which contains a plurality of subparticles of each of the oxide constituents bonded with an organic binder.

Abstract: A piston for a swash plate type compressor is disclosed in which a plurality of similar pistons are reciprocated to provide a compressing operation by means of a swash plate which is mounted on the drive shaft and rotated in the compressor cylinder. The piston comprises a piston main body or blank made of aluminium or aluminium alloy, and a coating layer applied to the overall surface of the piston blank except central portions of both outer end faces of the blank, said coating layer being of ethylene fluoride or a copolymer of ethylene fluoride and a vinyl compound, the heat conductivity of which is lower than that of the piston blank.

Abstract: In a composite, liquid-cooled piston, the upper part consists of ferrous material and is joined by conventional means to the lower part. A ring is provided on the underside of the upper part which bears on the corresponding surface of the lower part and constitutes a radially inner boundary of a cooling passage which is disposed on the upper part and open to the interfacial plane. To improve the cooling action in the hottest regions of the upper part and to achieve a more uniform distribution of temperature in the ring carrying over of the upper part of piston, the upper portion of the wall defining the cooling passage is coated with a material having a high thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a piston for internal combustion engines, compressors and the like, comprising a head portion articulately connected to a separate skirt portion, wherein the skirt portion comprises a steel tubular part obtained by cutting, bending and closing of a piece of steel strip, the outer surface of said tubular part being covered by a layer of antifriction material bonded to said outer surface prior to the cutting, bending and closing of the steel strip.

Abstract: This reciprocating piston, particularly for heat engines, compressors, coises at least one upper bead the side surface or periphery whereof presents projecting portions and recessed portions. The projecting portions of this periphery have an initial diameter, before running-in, such that the initial diametrical clearance between the periphery of the upper bead and the cylinder, cold, is substantially equal to half the clearance usually provided between the conventional upper bead and cylinder, so that, during the running-in, the projecting portions of the upper, pressed against the inner wall of the cyliner, may contract and be compressed in the recessed portions which absorb them.Further, the piston presents at least one cavity opening on the periphery of the first bead of the piston and at least one mobile piece partially occupying this cavity and which moves therein due to the movement of the piston, to prevent, without other deterioration, any considerable deposits of calamine.

Abstract: A light-metal piston with parts hard-eloxated to increase their resistance to heat and mechanically reinforced to the depth of the hard eloxation.

Abstract: A light alloy piston for diesel engines includes a piston head coated with a hard annodized layer having a combustion chamber recess and/or a fuel-guiding channel provided adjacent to the edge of the combustion chamber recess and/or valve pockets. The piston head is free of a hard anodized layer in those regions which are highly stressed by gas and mass forces. Preferably those regions of the piston head adjacent to edge portions of the combustion chamber recess lying in the direction of the piston pin are free of a hard anodized layer.

Abstract: A piston for internal combustion engines, preferably made from aluminum alloy, has machined, oil-dragging grooves formed on the periphery of the piston skirt and concave transitions with a sawtoothlike profile with an obtuse profile angle. The piston skirt is provided with an electrodeposited hard iron layer having a thickness of 1-30 .mu.m and contains 0.5-6% metal-oxy compounds incorporated therein.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having combustion chamber walls coated with a thin ceramic coating with a specific heat of less than 0.12 BTU/lb/.degree. F, a thermal conductivity of less than 11 BTU/HR/FT/.degree. F and a thickness of 0.2 to 1 mil so as to reduce heat losses and increase efficiency of the engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in a radial piston machine having a stationary member, a cylinder body rotatable about the stationary member and having cylinder bores, pistons reciprocable in the cylinder bores, a piston-control ring adjacent the cylinder body, and glide shoes on the pistons and in sliding engagement with the control ring. According to the improvement the member and the pistons are of case-hardened steel, the cylinder body is of alloyed pearlitic cast iron, and the control ring is of steel.

Abstract: A die casting machine has a piston rod connected to its main ram for positioning the ram as the piston rod extends and retracts from a cylinder. A control system is provided which directly senses the position, velocity and acceleration of the piston rod. A smooth continguous outer surface is formed on the piston rod. Magnetic and non-magnetic materials spaced alternately axially along the rod provide a series of magnetic discontinuity fields along the piston rod. Transducers are provided to sense the magnetic discontinuities as the piston rod moves to provide signals indicative of the position, velocity and acceleration of the piston rod. An electrohydraulic servo valve is electrically connected to the transducers and to a control console for moving the piston rod and for recording its position, velocity, and acceleration.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy piston for an internal combustion engine, which has been made wear and seizure resistant by forming an adherent coating on at least the skirt of said piston, by applying thereto an iron-carbon powder containing less than 0.3% by weight of C, the balance being substantially all iron. A film of manganese phosphate may be subsequently applied to said skirt.