Abstract: Exemplary power cell assemblies and methods of making the same are disclosed. An exemplary power cell assembly may include a piston crown and connecting rod. In an exemplary illustration, a power cell assembly includes a piston crown having a ringland extending circumferentially about a combustion bowl. The boss portions may each include inwardly extending shoulders defining arcuate crown running surfaces. The power cell assembly may further include a connecting rod having a shank and an upper end received in a cavity of the crown. The upper end of the connecting rod may define arcuate connecting rod running surfaces extending away from the shank. The crown running surfaces and connecting rod running surfaces generally allow the connecting rod to pivot with respect to the piston crown about an axis of rotation that extends from one of the boss portions to the other of the boss portions.

Abstract: A piston and method of construction are provided. The piston has a piston body with an insert forming at least a portion of an upper combustion surface. The piston body is constructed from a first material having a first thermal conductivity and the insert is constructed from a second material having a second thermal conductivity. The first thermal conductivity is less than the second thermal conductivity. The piston body has an upper crown and a pair of pin bosses depending from the upper crown with the pin bosses presenting pin bores aligned with one another along a pin bore axis. The upper crown includes a recess in which the insert is fixed.

Abstract: A piston includes an outer shell having a receptacle at one end and a link retainer. The link retainer is configured to be positioned within the receptacle and affixed to the outer shell. The link retainer and the outer shell each define an opposing wall of a sealing ring groove, and one of the link retainer and the outer shell has an outer surface defining a base of the sealing ring groove.

Abstract: A piston assembly and a method of making the same. Exemplary piston assemblies may include a piston crown having a ring belt portion defining a cooling gallery, and a strut extending away from the ring belt portion to define a wrist pin bore. The piston may further include a piston skirt assembly secured to the strut. The piston skirt assembly may include two separate portions that each have a closure plate formed integrally with the portion, with the closure plate generally enclosing the cooling gallery. Exemplary methods of assembling a piston may include providing a piston crown having a ring belt portion defining a cooling gallery and a strut extending away from the ring belt portion to define a wrist pin bore. The methods may further include forming a piston skirt assembly having two portions having a closure plate integrally formed therewith, and securing the skirt to the crown.

Abstract: A piston has an upper crown portion with an upper combustion wall against which combustion forces act and a lower crown portion with a pair of pin bosses spaced for receipt of a small end of a connecting rod therebetween. The upper crown portion and the lower crown portion form an outer oil gallery and a central oil gallery in fluid communication with one another. The central oil gallery is formed in part by an annular flange extending radially inwardly from the outer oil gallery and upwardly toward the upper combustion wall to a free edge spaced from the upper combustion wall. The free edge forms an opening about a central axis of the piston and has a non-planar uppermost surface with depressions aligned diametrically opposite one another across the opening to improve the oil flow throughout the central oil gallery.

Abstract: A method for the production of pistons having depression edge armoring for internal combustion engines, in which a more heat-resistant armoring ring, in comparison with a forged piston blank having a combustion depression, is connected with the piston blank in the region of the depression edge. The method comprises the following steps: a first piston blank is set on a projection of the armoring ring in the region of the depression edge; the armoring ring is connected with the first piston blank by friction-welding; a second piston blank is set onto the projection of the armoring ring, in such a manner that the two piston blanks do not touch; the second piston blank is connected with the armoring ring by means of friction-welding; a the armoring ring is cut between the piston blanks, and the pistons are given their final shape by a cutting work method.

Abstract: A multipiece piston comprises a steel upper part and a lower part which is screwed to the upper part and which contains the hubs. The design of the piston improves the strength of the lower part and its resistance to material defects, and reduces production cost. The lower part of the piston consists of a precipitation-hardened ferrite-pearlite steel, preferably according to EN 10267 and with added titanium. The hubs of the lower part are preferably not reinforced with bushings.

Abstract: A method of forming a floating piston includes fabricating a piston cup, wherein the piston cup includes a top, a sidewall void of any seal-gripping irregularities, and an open end, and forming an elastomer seal over the sidewall of the piston cup. A floating piston includes a piston cup having a top, a sidewall extending about the periphery of the top and an open end, wherein the sidewall is void of any seal-gripping irregularities; and an elastomer seal formed about the sidewall of the piston cup.

Abstract: A dual alloy metallic piston is made by casting a first alloy into a mold to form a corresponding first portion. Before the first alloy solidifies, a second alloy is cast into the mold to form a corresponding second portion of the piston. The first and second portions are joined across a transition zone which is a blend of the two alloys.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a piston for heavy-duty diesel engine applications comprises forming a piston body having a pair of pin bosses, and bonding separately formed skirt portions to the pin bosses. The resultant piston has the separately formed skirt portions united to the piston body in a monobloc piston construction.

Abstract: An improved two-piece assembly having a piston skirt and piston crown made from two different materials. The piston assembly attaching to a piston rod without the use of an external bore in the piston skirt.

Abstract: A one-piece piston (20) formed by an upper crown (28) and a lower crown (30) having an integral skirt (24, 26). The upper crown (28) includes an upper surface (32) and a lower surface (34, 42). The lower crown (30) includes an upper surface (50) and two pin bosses (52, 54). The upper crown (28) has a first collar (44) and the lower crown (30) has a second collar (64). In addition, skirt ribs (24, 26) connect the two pin bosses (52, 54). The first and second collars (44, 64) are secured together to form the one-piece piston (20).

Abstract: This invention relates to a high temperature-resistant piston head. The piston head includes a first portion formed of a first material of heat-resistant steel alloy and the second portion is formed of a second a material of steel alloy that may be the same or may or different from the first material. The first and second portions are joined by a friction weld to form the assembled piston head. The heat-resistant steel alloy includes about 0.1 to about 0.5 wt % carbon, up to about 0.6 wt % manganese, about 4.0 to about 6.0 wt % chromium, about 0.45 to about 0.65 wt % molybdenum, up to about 0.5 wt % nickel and the balance iron and incidental impurities. In one form the second material includes about 0.30 to about 0.55 wt % carbon, about 0.4 to about 1.10 wt % manganese, about 0.40 to about 1.25 wt % chromium, about 0.15 to about 0.45 wt % molybdenum, up to about 0.4 wt % silicon, up to about 2 wt % Ni and greater than about 90 wt % iron.

Abstract: A composite piston and method for forming such a piston for a reciprocating machine such as an internal combustion engine. A blank is formed from a pair of dissimilar alloys, one of which has substantially greater properties such as strength or abrasion resistance. The blank is forged into a piston in such a way that the two materials are bonded together in the forging process. The higher strength and/or abrasion resistance material forms at least a part of the outer surface of the piston in areas where the better properties are required. The other material backs up the higher strength or hardness material in necessary areas so as to provide an integral structure that has lightweight, low costs and nevertheless the desired properties. Various physical constructions and forming operations are disclosed.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine component assembly including piston, wrist pin, and cylinder sleeve, all constructed of a matching carbon-carbon composite is disclosed. The piston is a two-piece assembly divided in crown and skirt, each fabricated individually to optimize the most desirable properties in the respective cylinder areas in which they operate. The crown is fabricated by placing the fiber and binder into a compression mold and pyrolizing(heating) the resulting preform at a high temperature in the range of 1500 to 2000 degrees C. to achieve high temperature strength, and high thermal conductivity that continue after machining to the finished crown part. The skirt, a separate piece, on the other hand is fabricated differently to seek higher lubricity and better wear resistance along the cylinder wall with lower thermal conductivity to minimize heat loss.

Abstract: The present invention is a piston for use in an internal combustion engine and a method of manufacturing the piston. In the method of the present invention, a first block comprising a first alloy and a second block comprising a second alloy are press-forged to form a piston. The piston has a head and a skirt, with the head comprising at least a portion of the first alloy and the skirt comprising at least a portion of the second alloy. The first alloy preferably comprises an aluminum-iron based alloy, and the second alloy preferably comprises an aluminum-silicon based alloy. Preferably, during the forging process an interface between the blocks is increased in length or area, whereby oxide layers on the blocks are destroyed and the material comprising the two alloys is bonded directly.

Abstract: In a piston-cylinder assembly with a shaftless piston, the aim is to improve the lateral guidance of the connecting rod, to reduce edge wear and the seizing tendency in the event of fault during the combustion process. Consequently, the piston has at least one supporting ring, form-fittingly on the bosses which guides in the cylinder the piston along with the piston head.

Abstract: A piston of an internal combustion engine, arranged to suppress engine noise and vibration while improving the frictional resistance and seizure resistance of a piston skirt. The piston skirt of the piston is formed at its outer peripheral surface with a pair of depressions. A projection having a spherical surface is formed at the bottom surface of each depression and protrudes radially and outwardly relative to the piston skirt. A heat-resistant pad is loosely fitted in each depression and has a cylindrical inner surface which is in slidable contact with the spherical surface of the projection, so that the pad makes its swinging movement in accordance with the oscillating rotational movement of the piston body around the axis of a piston pin during the reciprocating action of the piston.

Abstract: A piston comprises a crown (12) and a skirt (20). At least a portion of the skirt (20) is formed of a ceramic material injection moulded directly on to the remainder of the skirt (20) or the crown (12). The ceramic material provides a plurality of pads (24) which projects from a thrust surface of the skirt (20) to transmit lateral forces against a wall of an associated cylinder.

Abstract: An abrasion and scuff resistant piston comprises a piston main body of aluminum alloy, a ring groove for retaining a piston ring, an abrasion resistant nickel plate layer covering at least the ring groove, a piston skirt, also of aluminum alloy and an abrasion resistant steel plate layer covering the lower outer circumference of the piston including the piston skirt.

Abstract: In a light alloy piston for use in diesel engines for an indirect fuel injection, a body of fibrous material is embedded in the cast piston head and is formed with a shallow combustion recess. In order to improve the conduction of heat outside the portion formed with the combustion recess, the body of fibrous material has a larger height on the side that is formed with the combustion recess than in the remaining portion of the piston head.

Abstract: In a pressure-diecast light-alloy piston for internal combustion engines, which piston comprises shaped fibrous bodies which are partly embedded in at least one of the piston head, ring zone, piston pin bosses and skirt of the piston, which bodies comprise short ceramic fibers, lying in a common plane and in said plane having a random orientation, the improvement wherein the piston (1) is made of a high-temperature magnesium alloy, the piston skirt at least on its sliding surfaces has a chemically applied or electrodeposited metallic sliding layer (3) which has a thickness of about 10 to 30 .mu.m and a hardness of about 740 to 850 HV.sub.0.01, and the inside surface of the piston is coated with a thin plastic paint layer (2) or an anodized magnesium oxide layer.

Abstract: A piston head for an internal combustion engine is provided containing a polished nickel plated layer formed in the piston top and an anodized layer formed on at least the lower part of the uppermost piston ring groove in order to reduce the adverse affects of excessive thermal conditions on the member.

Abstract: Pistons for internal combustion engines, particularly compression ignition engines. The pistons have insulating crowns and include a crown having a cap thereon, extending over the crown surface area, the crown cap being composed of an iron-based or a nickel-based alloy and having on the underside thereof ribs which are encast into an aluminium alloy which forms the piston body. The crown cap further includes a ceramic insert encapsulated therein. The ceramic insert may also be leached out by chemical means to leave a void in the cap.

Abstract: A reinforced lightweight metal piston having fibers within the piston crown to reinforce the crown surface to improve the thermal properties and wear resistance of the crown surface. The reinforcing fibers are embedded in the piston metal using a pressure casting process used to manufacture the piston. The fibers are selected from the group of aluminum silicate, alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron, boron carbide and graphite. The fibers can be orientated in the preform in several various directions. The wear resistance of the piston crown can be further increased by the addition of a ferrous heat plug. The fiber reinforced portion is located around the heat plug and provides improved physical and mechanical properties of the piston crown to reduce cracking of the crown around the heat plug and loosening of the heat plug due to metal creep.

Abstract: A multi-layered insulating piston cap for cast metal pistons having an insulating, perforated metal sheet layer. A piston cap is provided having a top sheet continuous layer made of a heat and corrosion resistant metal for protecting the piston cap, a second layer made of heat and corrosion resistant metal sheet having a plurality of spaced apart perforations for providing trapped air spaces, a third layer made of a heat and corrosion resistant metal foil for sealing the perforations, and a fourth layer or porous, heat and corrosion resistant metal for anchoring the piston cap to the piston. One coined geometry can be used when blanking various sized cross-sections of piston cap.

Abstract: Light alloy articles comprising a body of light alloy having a composite fiber/light alloy layer, a sprayed heat-resistant alloy layer, and a sprayed ceramic base layer formed on the body in this sequence exhibit improved heat resistance and insulation and are very useful in the manufacture of internal combustion engine pistons. A method for producing such a coated light alloy article by spraying is also provided.

Abstract: A reciprocatory piston and cylinder machine particularly suitable for use as a vacuum pump includes a cylinder (17), a cylindrical piston (16) relatively slidably reciprocable within the cylinder (17), and means for substantially sealing the annular space between the piston (16) and cylinder (17) in lieu of oil or other liquid lubricant. The sealing means comprises a sleeve (102) of a low-friction material disposed under circumferential tension, and preferably also under longitudinal tension, on the cylindrical surface of the piston (16). Also disclosed is a reciprocatory piston and cylinder machine of particular prior construction having a one-way valve (42) in an exhaust port (30) ahead of a head portion (24) of the piston (16). The arrangement is such that, as the front face of the piston head portion (24) approaches the closed cylinder end (52), the piston head portion 24 physically moves the one-way valve (42) so as to open the exhaust port (30).

Abstract: A multisectional piston for opposed-piston, slider-crank-drive internal combustion engines. The piston has a ceramic skirt (1), a skirt head (2), and a ceramic piston head (3) with fire land (4). The ceramic piston head is provided with annular groove (6) for receiving a slotted, ceramic piston ring (7) and is seated on the skirt head (2). A ceramic, common centering sleeve (5) fixes the skirt and head. Metal or metal alloy centering piece (8) fixed on the piston rod (12) in snug fit (14) has a base plate (9) on which the skirt head seats. An end cover (10) seats on the piston head and has a centering hub (11) axially spaced by a gap (23) from the centering piece. In assembly, the skirt head and piston head are axially clamped between the end cover and the base plate by a screw connection (13).

Abstract: A ceramic-metal composite body including (a) a ceramic member, (b) a ferrous metal member bonded to the ceramic member, (c) an intermediate metallic member joined to the iron base member, and (d) an aluminum member bonded to the intermediate metallic member. The ceramic member and the aluminum member are integrally joined through the ferrous metal member and the intermediate metallic member.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a ceramic insert cast piston for an internal combustion engine which includes a head made of ceramic, a metal ring fitted around the peripheral portion of the ceramic head, and a piston body made of a metal by casting a metal around the ceramic head with the metal ring thereon, wherein an air insulating layer in the form of an annular groove is formed at the inner periphery of the metal ring and a buffer member is interposed between the ceramic head and the casting metal piston body.

Abstract: A piston for internal combustion engines is disclosed, which includes a piston main body of metallic material, and a ceramic piston head member embedded in the top portion of the piston main body. The piston head member is formed on its peripheral surface with one or more extensions of dovetail section protruding radially outwards and having an axially measured thickness which increases toward the outer end thereof. The piston head member is retained in place with a substantially constant retaining force, even during the operation of the engine.

Abstract: A composite piston structure is disclosed which provides a simple and reliable means for joining a carbon-carbon or ceramic piston cap 11 with a metallic piston body 13. Attachment is achieved by means of a special geometry which compensates for differences in thermal expansion without complicated mechanical fastening devices. The shape employs a flange created by opposed frustoconical shapes 12 and 19 with coincident vertices 15 intersecting on the radial centerline of the piston in order to retain the piston cap. The use of carbon-carbon for the piston cap material allows a close fit between the piston and a cylinder wall, eliminating the need for piston rings. The elimination of extra mechanical parts of previous composite pistons provides a lightweight composite piston capable of extended high temperature operation.

Abstract: A piston for internal combustion engines made of a light alloy and comprising a skirt portion and a head portion, having a ceramic insert adapted on the head portion and connected to same by mechanical locking. The ceramic insert is provided with pores at least on the portion engaging the piston head. The pores have a size which enable them to be filled with the light alloy during the manufacture of the piston by the squeeze casting method.

Abstract: The height of a piston for an internal combustion engine is reduced by the provision of gudgeon pin bores which intersect or at least partly intersect a ring band extending around the crown. This allows the mass of the piston to be reduced and allows improved visibility from the vehicle owing to reduced bonnet height. The weight of the piston is reduced so improving its performance and the performance of the engine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an internal combustion engine piston having a metal piston body and a piston cap constituted by a plurality of ceramic pieces and fixed to the top portion of the metal piston body, wherein the piston cap is composed of at least one kind of a ceramic material, at least one of the ceramic pieces is fixed to the metal piston body through fitting or through engagement by way of a metallic piece secured onto said at least one ceramic piece, and the remaining ceramic piece or pieces are fixed onto the metal piston body by means of said at least one ceramic piece.

Abstract: A reinforced piston is provided for an internal combustion engine. The uppermost piston ring groove is as close as possible to the crown of the piston. At least the lower surface of the groove is defined by an en-cast insert and overlying this is a portion of the crown reinforced by fibres, thus allowing this portion to be thin and the spacing between the ring groove and the upper surface of the crown to be minimized. The reinforced crown portion also holds the insert against axial separating movement. The crown can be provided with a combustion bowl whose entrance is reinforced by the fibres.

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced piston for internal combustion engines, comprising a molded body of inorganic fiber forming a top land and a ring region of the piston. The molded body has a content of granulated fiber having larger particles of a particle diameter less than 100 mesh in an amount of not more than 10 weight percent with respect to the total amount of fiber used, and a light alloy matrix fills and is combined with the molded body of inorganic fiber.

Abstract: A piston is formed in two parts. The main part is formed by gravity die casting from aluminum or aluminum alloy and a second part of the piston is formed by a squeeze casting process to produce a material which is stronger and more resistant than the gravity die cast aluminum or aluminum alloy. At least one piston ring groove is formed in the second part. The two parts are then electron beam welded together to form the complete piston. The squeeze cast portion may be reinforced with whiskers or fibres to further improve its properties. This method of construction has the benefit that only the minimum amount of the piston is formed by the more expensive and time-consuming squeeze casting process so that parts of the piston which do not require the improved properties given by squeeze casting are simply gravity die cast. This is of particular benefit in large diesel pistons.

Abstract: A thermally insulating piston for internal combustion engines is provided on the piston crown or in its dished combustion space portion with a thermally insulating liner which on the side thereof facing the combustion space consists entirely of a ceramic material, and which on the side thereof facing the piston crown or its dished combustion space portion has a metallic or metal-ceramic material fused with the piston metal.

Abstract: A piston (2) is of refractory materials, particularly for a compression-ignition engine of the type having a head (4), a skirt (6) and their mutual fastening means. According to the invention, this skirt (6) is formed entirely of a refractory material and has two semicylindrical parts (18, 20) each of which has ribs (22) and a semispherical cavity (36, 38). After assembly, the cavities form a ball joint seat for the small end of a piston rod along a plane containing the longitudinal axis (14) of the piston (2). Application is to compression-ignition engines with high efficiency.

Abstract: An integrally cast composite piston assembly is disclosed which is effective to carry a ceramic plate in an iron based cap. The assembly comprises a cylindrical piston body, preferably of aluminum, having a crown top, an annular crown side wall with an upper edge, and an annular undercut surface terminating the crown side wall. The undercut surface must make an angle with a plane extending perpendicular to the axis of the piston, the angle being substantially equal to the arc tangent of H/R where H is the median distance of the undercut surface from the plane and R is the median radius of the undercut surface from the axis of the piston.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an internal combustion engine piston comprising a piston cap formed from a plurality of ceramic pieces, and a metal piston body, the piston cap being fixed to the top portion of the metal piston body, wherein the piston cap is made of one or more types of ceramic materials, and the ceramic pieces constituting the ceramic cap and the metal piston body are bonded together through a metallized layer coated onto the ceramic pieces and a metal-plated layer coated onto the metallized layer in such a manner that the bonding area between the ceramic piece or pieces and the metal piston body may be larger at a top central portion of the metal piston body than that between the ceramic piece or pieces and the metal piston body at another portion thereof. Also disclosed is a method of producing the same.

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced lighweight alloy piston for an internal-combustion engine, comprising a piston body having a compression ring groove whose bounding surface is reinforced with alumina fibers. At least those alumina fibers positioned in the region of the annular opening of the groove has a crystalline structure of .theta./.alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 type and a specific gravity limited to a value between 3.7 and 3.9.

Abstract: This invention discloses a thermally insulated piston having a cap portion and a body portion. The cap can be made of metal or ceramic. The cap and body portion are joined together by a brazing alloy. The cap portion can have a groove for receiving the brazing alloy. The ceramic cap can have a retaining band portion in a retaining band groove the band being bonded to the body portion by a brazing alloy. The piston with the ceramic cap can have an interlayer between the cap and body portion, the interlayer being bonded to the cap portion and body portion by a brazing alloy. The interlayer can have an outer knife edge. The body portion has a machined groove adjacent to the cap portion comprised of cells filled with thermal insulating material.

Abstract: The reinforcement of the crown of a piston of aluminum or aluminum alloy for an internal combustion engine comprises the preparation of a reinforcement member (10, 13) which is provided with apertures (11, 14), or reentrants. The reinforcement member is placed in a crown-forming part (18) of a piston die in a squeeze casting apparatus and the piston is squeeze cast. The molten metal penetrates the apertures, or enters the reentrants, and these are so shaped that when the molten metal has solidified, keys are formed which connect securely the reinforcement member to the aluminum or aluminum alloy. Further reinforcement members can then be readily brazed or welded to the first reinforcement member.

Abstract: A composite piston structure and a method of making same is disclosed. A piston member, carrier member, and ceramic facing member are formed, the piston member being comprised of a material selected from plastic and metal having a density of less than 0.15 lb/in.sup.3, the ceramic facing member, preferably comprised of a material selected from zirconia and aluminia, and carrier member preferably comprised of a material selected from stainless steel and cast iron. The carrier member material has a coefficient of thermal expansion differing from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic by up to 2.0.times.10.sup.-6 in/in/.degree.F. An annular grooved wall is defined in the side surface of the piston member and disposed at a location radially opposite a portion of the carrier member when the latter is wrapped about the top of the piston member.

Abstract: This invention discloses a thermally insulated piston having a cap portion and a body portion. The cap can be made of metal or ceramic. The cap and body portion are joined together by a brazing alloy. The cap portion can have a groove for receiving the brazing alloy. The ceramic cap can have a retaining band portion in a retaining band groove the band being bonded to the body portion by a brazing alloy. The piston with the ceramic cap can have an interlayer between the cap and body portion, the interlayer being bonded to the cap portion and body portion by a brazing alloy. The interlayer can have an outer knife edge. The body portion has a machined groove adjacent to the cap portion comprised of cells filled with thermal insulating material.

Abstract: In a piston-cylinder assembly with a shaftless piston, the aim is to improve the lateral guidance of the connecting rod, to reduce edge wear and the seizing tendency in the event of fault during the combustion process. Consequently, the piston has at least one supporting ring, form-fittingly on the bosses which guides in the cylinder the piston along with the piston head.