Retrovirus Related, Or Human Immunodeficiency Virus Related, Or Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Related Patents (Class 930/221)
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Patent number: 8541221Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods related to the isolation and identification of the primate T-lymphotropic viruses, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4. The diversity of HTLVs was investigated among central Africans reporting contact with NHP blood and body fluids through hunting, butchering, and keeping primate pets. Herein it is shown that this population is infected with a variety of HTLVs, including two retroviruses; HTLV-4 is the first member of a novel phylogenetic lineage that is distinct from all known HTLVs and STLVs; HTLV-3 falls within the genetic diversity of STLV-3, a group that has not previously been seen in humans. The present disclosure also relates to vectors and vaccines for use in humans against infection and disease. The disclosure further relates to a variety of bioassays and kits for the detection and diagnosis of infection with and diseases caused by HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 and related viruses.Type: GrantFiled: July 1, 2010Date of Patent: September 24, 2013Assignees: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Johns Hopkins UniversityInventors: William M. Switzer, Walid Heneine, Thomas M. Folks, Nathan D. Wolfe, Donald S. Burke, Eitel Mpoudi Ngole
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Patent number: 7485446Abstract: The present invention is a mutant retroviral protease which confers an increase in retroviral stability. Retroviruses expressing the instant mutant retroviral protease exhibit at least a 2-fold increase in infectivity half-life as compared to wild-type retrovirus. Unexpectedly, a Gly119Glu mutation in the protease enhances retroviral stability in the presence of various wild-type envelope proteins including wild-type amphotropic, ecotropic and 10A1 murine leukemia viruses. The improved stability of the mutant retrovirus leads to more facile virus production and enhanced infection efficiency.Type: GrantFiled: February 21, 2007Date of Patent: February 3, 2009Assignee: The Board of Trustees of the University of IllinoisInventors: Halong N. Vu, Daniel W. Pack, Joshua Ramsey
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Patent number: 6248574Abstract: Highly conserved polypeptide sequences derived from gp41 and gp120, preferably from eleven to twenty-one amino acids in length, are joined (for example, via DNA recombinant techniques) to a non-HIV protein or polypeptide sequence comprising an amino-acid sequence not naturally encoded by the HIV genome, thereby forming a fusion protein. Such fusion proteins possess attributes that make them suitable for use in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of HIV infection.Type: GrantFiled: December 13, 1989Date of Patent: June 19, 2001Inventor: Avigdor Shaffermann
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Patent number: 6013506Abstract: Disclosed are recombinant baculovirus expressing the gag, gp70, and gp85 genes of feline leukemia virus. Also disclosed are vaccines based on protein expressed from these recombinants. Also disclosed is a combined mucosal/parenteral inoculation method.Type: GrantFiled: June 5, 1995Date of Patent: January 11, 2000Inventors: Richard C. Wardley, Darrell R. Thomsen
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Patent number: 5801056Abstract: Nucleic acid encoding a functional HTLV-III/LAV (HIV-1) protein having trans-activating ability, and expression vectors comprising this nucleic acid are described.Type: GrantFiled: October 5, 1993Date of Patent: September 1, 1998Assignees: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health and Human ServicesInventors: William Alan Haseltine, Craig A. Rosen, Joseph Gerald Sodroski, Flossie Wong-Staal, Suresh K. Arya
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Patent number: 5747324Abstract: The present invention provides recombinant DNA viral vectors which co-express lentivirus genes encoding structural and enzymatic polypeptides capable of assembling into defective nonself-propagating viral particles. The viral DNA vectors as well as the viral particles can be used as immunogens and for targeted delivery of heterologous gene products and genes.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 1992Date of Patent: May 5, 1998Assignee: Therion Biologics CorporationInventors: Gail P. Mazzara, Bryan Roberts, Dennis L. Panicali, Linda R. Gritz, Virginia Stallard, Anna Mahr
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Patent number: 5736391Abstract: Nucleic acid constructs encoding mutated human immunodeficiency virus gp41 polypeptides are described. The mutated polypeptides are effective to disrupt viral replication of HIV or disrupt the assembly of viral Env proteins in an HIV infected cell.Type: GrantFiled: June 6, 1995Date of Patent: April 7, 1998Assignee: President and Fellows of Harvard CollegeInventors: Myron E. Essex, Xiaofang Yu, Tun-Hou Lee
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Patent number: 5707864Abstract: Nucleic acid constructs encoding mutated human immunodeficiency virus matrix proteins are described. The mutated proteins lower the incorporation of envelope polypeptides in viral particles, disrupt viral assembly or disrupt viral entry into uninfected cells.Type: GrantFiled: November 23, 1992Date of Patent: January 13, 1998Assignee: President and Fellows of Harvard CollegeInventors: Myron E. Essex, Xiaofang Yu, Tun-Hou Lee
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Patent number: 5637488Abstract: The invention is a synthetic DNA sequence for encoding a specific enzyme or protease. The protease is essential for the completion (replication) of an infective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The invented gene is desirable for the expression of the protease by recombinant methodology in prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells and the production of a commercially desirable amount of the protease for biochemical and physical characterization, necessary to find effective inhibitor of the protease, and thereby to block the production of infectious human immunodeficiency virus (HIVs).Type: GrantFiled: March 2, 1993Date of Patent: June 10, 1997Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health and Human ServicesInventors: John L. Medabalimi, Stephen Oroszlan, Peter T. Mora
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Patent number: 5631154Abstract: Recombinant avipox viral vectors which express heterologous polypeptides capable of assembling into defective nonself-propagating viral particles are disclosed. The recombinant avipox viruses can be used to produce significant amounts of the heterologous polypeptides in avian or non-avian cells. Preferably, the recombinant avipox virus is a fowlpox virus. The viral particles can also be used as immunogens and for targeted delivery of heterologous gene products and drugs.Type: GrantFiled: February 16, 1993Date of Patent: May 20, 1997Assignee: Therion Biologics, IncorporatedInventors: Gail P. Mazzara, Dennis L. Panicali, Bryan Roberts, Linda R. Gritz, Virginia Stallard, Anna Mahr
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Patent number: 5622703Abstract: The invention relates to peptides representing CTL epitopes from the HTLV-I envelope protein. The invention further relates to compositions, comprising the peptides, for priming a T-cell response in a subject. Furthermore, methods for priming a T-cell response by administration of the compositions to a subject and methods for evaluating the T-cell function of a patient are described.Type: GrantFiled: June 6, 1995Date of Patent: April 22, 1997Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health and Human ServicesInventors: Jay A. Berzofsky, Akihiko Kurata
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Patent number: 5614404Abstract: Recombinant viral vectors which coexpress heterologous polypeptides capable of assembling into defective nonself-propagating viral particles are disclosed. The viral vectors as well as the viral particles can be used as immunogens and for targeted delivery of heterologous gene products and drugs.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 1992Date of Patent: March 25, 1997Assignee: Theriod Biologics, IncorporatedInventors: Gail P. Mazzara, Bryan Roberts, Dennis L. Panicali, Virginia Stallard, Linda R. Gritz, Anna Mahe
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Protease, reverse transcriptase and endonuclease of HIV-1 and RSV method for producing these enzymes
Patent number: 5500355Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing retroviral proteins which are protease, everse transcriptase and endonuclease. The method is characterized by the consecutive expression and processing of retroviral genes by the stepwise cultivation of hosts transformed with a vector constructed to carry retroviral gene fragments comprising at least a protease gene and one or more of the other genes coding for retroviral proteins. The retroviral proteins of this invention are used as specific reagents for the diagnosis of retroviral disease, e.g., AIDS, malignant tumors and so forth, also may be used as the basis for research and development of antiviral agents and a vaccine against the above infectious diseases, and for genetic engineering.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 1993Date of Patent: March 19, 1996Assignee: The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka UniversityInventors: Atsushi Saito, Hideo Shinagawa, Atsuo Nakata -
Patent number: 5420026Abstract: The invention pertains to self-assembled replication defective hybrid virus-like particles having capsid and membrane glycoproteins from at least two different virus types and method of making same. Recombinant viral vectors as well as the viral particles can be used as immunogens and drug delivery vehicles.Type: GrantFiled: February 12, 1993Date of Patent: May 30, 1995Assignee: Therion Biologics CorporationInventor: Lendon Payne
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Patent number: 5374518Abstract: A mouse monoclonal antibody is provided which detects HIV-2 seropositive individuals and differentiates them from HIV-1 seropositive individuals. The monoclonal antibody is specific for an epitope of HIV-2 gp41 which lies outside the characterized immunodominant region. The epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody has the amino acid sequence HTTVPW.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 1992Date of Patent: December 20, 1994Assignee: Abbott LaboratoriesInventors: Jeffrey C. Hunt, Virender K. Sarin, Sushil G. Devare, Ilse I. E. Tribby, Suresh M. Desai, James M. Casey
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Patent number: 5364757Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery of a novel retroviral particle associated with autoimmune disease. New methods of diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune disease, novel cell lines comprising the new retrovirus, assay systems that may be used in the development of antiretroviral pharmaceuticals, and model systems for the study of autoimmune diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are provided by the present invention.Type: GrantFiled: December 11, 1991Date of Patent: November 15, 1994Assignee: Administrators of the Tulane Educational FundInventors: Robert F. Garry, Jr., Cesar D. Fermin, Steve S. Alexander, Jr.
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Patent number: 5356772Abstract: The present invention encompasses an improved immunoassay method which involves the simultaneous transfer of multiple antigens onto a single solid support. The antigens which may be utilized by this method may be either naturally or recombinantly produced and may be purified on a variety of electrophoresis gels. This method is particularly useful to provide an extremely sensitive multiple component assay using essentially pure antigenic polypeptides capable of detecting the presence or antibodies to HIV-1 or HIV-2 viruses in infected patients.Type: GrantFiled: December 5, 1990Date of Patent: October 18, 1994Assignee: Abbott LaboratoriesInventors: Emerson W. Chan, William G. Robey, Werner Schulze
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Patent number: 5352576Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining the presence in mammalian serum of antibodies against specific strains of HIV through the use of SP-10 peptides. The method incorporates the use of SP-10 peptides derived from the following HIV strains: IIIB, MN, RF, SC, WMJ-1, WMJ-2, WMJ-3, ARV-2, and LAV-1.Type: GrantFiled: August 24, 1992Date of Patent: October 4, 1994Assignee: Duke UniversityInventors: Barton F. Haynes, Thomas J. Palker
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Patent number: 5350835Abstract: The invention relates to a cellular protein which is specific and has high affinity for nucleic acid sequences characteristic of an intact TAR RNA loop sequence of the HIV LTR TAR region. The invention also relates to a between 1,000-10,000-fold purified, about 185 kD protein preparation isolated from a mammalian cell nuclear extract preparation, most specifically a HeLa cell extract. The about 185 kD protein is shown to regulate HIV viral gene expression by binding a TAR RNA region of an HIV LTR template, in the presence of a cofactor fraction (including at least a.about.100 kD cofactor), and a tat protein. The TRP-185, having a molecular weight of about 185 kD protein may also provide a research tool in the study of viral and cellular gene expression. A route for the development of immunodiagnostics for AIDS and related disorders may also be provided given the specific and high affinity of TRP-185 for HIV RNA.Type: GrantFiled: November 5, 1991Date of Patent: September 27, 1994Assignee: Board of Regents, University of TexasInventors: Richard B. Gaynor, Foon K. Wu
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Patent number: 5344774Abstract: The present invention relates to purified preparations of a novel retrovirus, to methods of diagnosis and treatment of Sjogren's syndrome, novel cell lines, and model systems for the study of autoimmune diseases and AIDS. It is based, in part, on the discovery of a novel retrovirus which is antigenically similar to human immunodeficiency virus but which appears to comprise a functionally distinct reverse transcriptase.According to the present invention, Sjogren's syndrome as well as other autoimmune diseases, may be diagnosed, and their clinical course may be monitored, by demonstrating the presence of anti-retroviral antibodies and/or measuring the levels of such antibodies. Alternatively, Sjogren's syndrome or other autoimmune diseases may be diagnosed or monitored by directly or indirectly demonstrating vital particles in the cells of a patient.Type: GrantFiled: February 23, 1993Date of Patent: September 6, 1994Assignee: The Administrators of the Tulane Educational FundInventors: Robert F. Garry, Jr., Cesar D. Fermin, Steve S. Alexander, Jr.
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Patent number: 5328835Abstract: A method for expressing proteins which are immunologically reactive with antibodies to lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), now known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is disclosed. The proteins are produced by bacterial host cells transformed with a recombinant plasmid which includes appropriate procaryotic transcriptional and translational signals for expression, followed in reading phase by a DNA sequence comprising a portion of the env region of the LAV genome. This portion codes for a protein which is immunologically reactive with antibodies to LAV, or antibodies to viruses defined to be the same as or equivalent to LAV. The proteins produced by the method disclosed may be used to screen for the presence of antibodies to LAV in a biological fluid, to determine the presence of LAV antigen in a biological fluid, or within a method for producing antibodies to LAV through the immunization of an animal with the protein.Type: GrantFiled: August 24, 1992Date of Patent: July 12, 1994Assignee: Bristol-Myers Squibb CompanyInventors: Suan M. Watanabe, Wesley L. Cosand, Susan McArdle, Bruce M. Travis
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Patent number: 5320940Abstract: Diagnostic assays wherein sera from a patient suspected of having an ill defined autoimmune rheumatic disease is reacted with antigens specific to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) core proteins (gag protein products p24 or p17) and envelope proteins env (protein products gp41 and gp160). Immunoreactivity is determined by the formation of an antibody-antigen complex as observed in a Western immunoblot assay. The degree of cross reactivity to the 4 individual proteins is determined, and with this information, a specific and more accurate diagnosis of the disease is made. Once a more accurate diagnosis is determined, the clinician may then proceed with prescribing a therapeutic regimen better suited for the specific patient.Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 1992Date of Patent: June 14, 1994Assignee: Board of Regents, The University of Texas SystemInventors: Norman Talal, Robert F. Garry
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Patent number: 5321124Abstract: A gene and gene product that regulates the expression of the capsidal envelope genes of HTLV-III/LAV and that can be used to regulate the expression of heterologous (non-viral) genes as well is disclosed. This art gene consists of two exons and can be used in creating nucleotide segments, vectors and cell lines. A new method for screening for compounds that inhibit the replication of HTLV-III is also described and comprises:(1) transfecting a T-cell line with the HTLV-III art and env genes;(2) thereafter, adding a preselected compound to the transformed cell line in increasing concentrations; and(3) determining whether the compound effects the art function without being toxic to the cell.An additional parameter to use in diagnosis of AIDS disease is also described. The use of the art gene and gene product in AIDS therapy is also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: December 18, 1992Date of Patent: June 14, 1994Assignee: Dana Farber Cancer InstituteInventors: William A. Haseltine, Craig A. Rosen, Joseph G. Sodroski, Wei C. Goh
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Patent number: 5312902Abstract: Four glycoproteins of apparent molecular weights 300,000, 140,000, 125,000, and 36,000 (gp300, gp140, gp125, and gp36) are detectable in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infected cells. The gp125 and gp36 are the external and transmembrane components, respectively, of the envelope glycoproteins of HIV-2 mature virions. The gp300, which is a dimeric form of gp140, the precursor of HIV-2 envelope glycoprotein, is probably formed by a pH dependent fusion in the endoplasmic reticulum. Such a doublet is also observed in cells infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), a virus closely related to HIV-2. On the other hand, the envelope glycoprotein precursor of HIV-1 does not form a dimer during its processing. Experiments carried out with various inhibitors of oligosaccharide trimming enzymes suggest that transient dimerization of the glycoprotein precursor is required for its efficient transport to the Golgi apparatus and for its processing.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1991Date of Patent: May 17, 1994Assignees: Institut Pasteur, C.N.R.S.Inventors: Luc Montagnier, Ara Hovanessian, Anne Laurent, Bernard Krust, Marie-Anne Rey
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Patent number: 5260189Abstract: Highly immunoreactive regions of gp41 of HIV-1, gp32 of HIV-2 and p24 of HIV-1 were identified using synthetic peptides. Superior immunoassay performance is obtained with these peptides linked to carrier proteins as compared to use of the free peptides. Additional natural and unnatural variants of these reactive regions to define a set of peptides that, as cysteine-linked peptide-protein conjugates, provide optimal immunoassay performance including high immunoreactivity with HIV antibody positive samples, low reactivity with negative samples, high discrimination between positives and negatives, and high specificity. These peptide conjugates further permit simultaneous detection of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, and make possible rapid and simple test formats that require no instrumentation for detection of these antibodies.Type: GrantFiled: October 15, 1992Date of Patent: November 9, 1993Assignee: Immunodiagnostics, Inc.Inventors: Carl Formoso, Duane A. Olsen, Thomas M. Buchanan
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Patent number: 5256554Abstract: This invention describes pHRT25, a plasmid containing a modified pol gene of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), formerly HTLV-III, under control of an inducible trp promoter. Methods of expressing reverse transcriptase activity using pHRT25 in E. coli are described.Type: GrantFiled: December 2, 1991Date of Patent: October 26, 1993Assignees: The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York, The Dana Farber Cancer InstituteInventors: Stephen P. Goff, Naoko Tanese, William A. Haseltine
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Patent number: 5229490Abstract: Multiple antigen peptide systems are described in which a large number of antigens are bound to the functional groups of a dendritic core molecule providing a high concentration of antigen in a low molecular volume. The products are useful for producing chemically defined univalent or multivalent vaccines and in diagnostic tests.Type: GrantFiled: December 20, 1990Date of Patent: July 20, 1993Assignee: The Rockefeller UniversityInventor: James P. Tam
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Patent number: 5223423Abstract: A complete genomic clone of HIV-2 designated HIV-2.sub.SBL/ISY was cloned from DNA of the neoplastic human cell line HUT78 infected with the HIV-2.sub.SBL6669 viral isolate. The clone was sequenced and the sequence compared with those of known HIV-2 isolates. The invention is advantageous for it provides an animal model for the study of HIV infection in man.Type: GrantFiled: March 31, 1989Date of Patent: June 29, 1993Assignee: United States of AmericaInventors: Genoveffa Franchini, Flossie Wong-Staal, Robert Gallo
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Patent number: 5217861Abstract: Protein compositions containing proteins of the lymphadenopathy virus, which compositions are used for diagnosis of antibodies of such protein in biological fluids, especially blood serum, for the detection or absence of infection. Such compositions contain typically the p18, p13 and/or p25 proteins.Type: GrantFiled: February 12, 1988Date of Patent: June 8, 1993Assignee: Institut PasteurInventors: Luc Montagnier, Jean-Claude Chermann, Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, Francoise Vezinet-Brun, Christine Rouzioux, Willy Rozenbaum, Charles Dauguet, Jacqueline Gruest, Marie-Theresa Nugeyre, Francoise Rey, Claudine Axler-Blin, Solange Chamaret
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Patent number: 5210181Abstract: The instant invention relates to monoclonal antibodies, the cell lines producing those antibodies, the peptides that comprise the epitopes of those antibodies and assays using those antibodies and peptides for the detection of HIV-1 and HIV-2 gene products. In particular, the antibodies react with the p24/p26 capsid protein, the nonapeptide that comprises an HIV-1/HIV-2 conserved epitope is disclosed and a capture ELISA using a combination of three monoclonal antibodies that can detect simultaneously HIV-1 and HIV-2 is disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: January 23, 1992Date of Patent: May 11, 1993Assignee: Akzo N.V.Inventors: Bryan T. Butman, Thomas M. Venetta
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Patent number: 5204258Abstract: Viral protein T from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) is disclosed. The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 17 kD and is produced by the vpt gene of HIV-1. This protein is antigenic. Vectors capable of expressing the vpt protein are also described.Type: GrantFiled: June 2, 1989Date of Patent: April 20, 1993Assignee: Dana Farber Cancer InstituteInventors: William A. Haseltine, Eric Cohen
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Patent number: 5204259Abstract: The present invention relates to a DNA segment encoding a recombinant HIV p24 protein or HIV p24-gp41 fusion protein and a recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecule capable of expressing either protein. Cells transformed with the rDNA, methods for producing the fusion protein and diagnostic methods and systems using the fusion protein are also described.Type: GrantFiled: April 26, 1989Date of Patent: April 20, 1993Assignee: Pharmacia Genetic Engineering, Inc.Inventors: Torsten B. Helting, Hakan Drevin, Michael F. Nunn
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Patent number: 5169763Abstract: A viral vector comprising at least a portion of the genome of the HIV virus, a gene coding gp160 glycoprotein of the envelope of the HIV virus, as well as the elements providing for the expression of the glycoprotein in cells, wherein the gp160 is expressed as a non-cleavable protein.Type: GrantFiled: September 24, 1991Date of Patent: December 8, 1992Assignee: Transgene S.A., Institut PasteurInventors: Marie-Paule Kieny, Guy Rautmann, Jean-Pierre Lecocq, Simon W. Hobson, Marc Girard, Luc Montagnier
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Patent number: 5142025Abstract: Novel recombinant HTLV-III fusion proteins denoted R10, PB1, 590, KH1, and the HIV portion of each of these proteins are useful in the diagnosis, prophylaxis or therapy of AIDS. Protein R10 is a 95 kD fusion protein; protein PB1 is a 26 kD fusion protein; protein 590 is an 86 kD fusion protein; and protein KH1 is a 70 kD fusion protein. These proteins are considered to be especially useful to prepare vaccines for the HTLV-III virus.Type: GrantFiled: September 24, 1990Date of Patent: August 25, 1992Assignee: Repligen CorporationInventors: Scott D. Putney, Debra Lynn, Kashayar Javaherian, William T. Mueller, John Farley
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Patent number: 5110906Abstract: This invention provides a therapeutic agent capable of specifically forming a complex with human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein which comprises a polypeptide. In one embodiment of the invention, the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 6 from about +1 to about +185 fused to the amino acid sequence from about +353 to about +371. In another embodiment of the invention, the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 6 from about +1 to about +106 fused to the amino acid sequence from about +353 to about +371. In yet a further embodiment of the invention, the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 6 from about +1 to about +185.This invention also provides a method for treating a subject infected with a human immunodeficiency virus.Type: GrantFiled: February 24, 1988Date of Patent: May 5, 1992Assignees: The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York, Smithkline Beckman CorporationInventors: Paul J. Maddon, Richard Axel, Raymond W. Sweet, James Arthos
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Patent number: 5075211Abstract: Novel peptides are provided having substantially the same sequence as immunologically significant fragments of AIDS-related viruses. The polypeptides can be used as reagents in the determination of exposure of a human host to the virus. Of particular interest is the use of polypeptides in screening blood products.Type: GrantFiled: November 14, 1986Date of Patent: December 24, 1991Assignee: Genetic Systems CorporationInventors: Wesley L. Cosand, Linda J. Harris, Raymond L. Houghton
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Patent number: 5051496Abstract: A method for diagnosing an HIV-2 (LAV-II) infection and a kit containing reagents for the same is disclosed. These reagents include cDNA probes which are capable of hybridizing to at least a portion of the genome of HIV-2. In one embodiment, the DNA probes are capable of hybridizing to the entire genome of HIV-2. These reagents also include polypeptides encoded by some of these DNA sequences.Type: GrantFiled: January 16, 1987Date of Patent: September 24, 1991Assignee: Institut PasteurInventors: Marc Alizon, Luc Montagnier, Denise Guetard, Francois Clavel, Pierre Sonigo, Mireille Guyader