Abstract: The present invention provides a nitrogen oxide removal equipment, a nitrogen oxide removal method, a container used for the removal of nitrogen oxide, and a method for filling the container. A nitrogen oxide removal equipment 94 according to the present invention supplies gas with the unevenness of flowing amounts eased to an absorption unit 94a via a gas rectification means 108 for supplying gas to a large-area side of solid absorbent layers, the absorption unit 94a being provided with solid absorbent layers including a plurality of low-profile solid absorbents 95 constituting the nitrogen oxide absorption means. Nitrogen oxide contained in gas effectively passes through the solid absorbent layers and removed.

Abstract: Provided are a sorbent composition, the preparation method thereof, and the process for removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides in a flue gas by the sorbent composition. The sorbent composition comprises at least one refractory inorganic oxide matrix, at least one metal component I and at least one metal component II, wherein each of the at least one refractory inorganic oxide matrix has a specific surface area of more than 130 m2/g, the at least one metal component I is selected from elements of Group IA and Group IIA in the Periodic Table of Elements, and the at least one metal component II is selected from transition metals of Group IIB, Group VIB, Group VIIB, and Group VIII in the Periodic Table of Elements, and wherein the at least one metal component II is present in at least two different valence-states, as characterized by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Abstract: A process for separating carbon dioxide from a fluid containing carbon dioxide, NO2, and at least one of oxygen, argon, and nitrogen comprises the steps of separating at least part of the fluid into a carbon dioxide enriched stream, a carbon dioxide depleted stream comprising CO2 and at least one of oxygen, argon, and nitrogen and a NO2 enriched stream and recycling said NO2 enriched stream upstream of the separation step.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying a supply gaseous flow containing at least 5 vol. % of N2O and oxygen, in which: (a) the gaseous flow is contacted with a main adsorbent (3) including at least one zeolite exchanged at more than 50% by one or more metal cations and having an N2O adsorption capacity, as measured under 1 bar and at 200° C., of more than 80 Ncm/g in order to adsorb at least a portion of the N2O from said flow and to produce a purified gaseous flow; and (b) recovering a purified gaseous flow having an N2O content lower than the N2O content of the supply gaseous flow contacted with the main adsorbent during step (a).

Abstract: Hydroxylamine is formed in a reactor through a partial hydrogenation of nitric oxide gas (NO) with hydrogen gas (H2) in an aqueous medium with nitrogen gas (N2) as an inert gas. The formation of the hydroxylamine forms nitrous oxide gas (N2O). The gases and the water vapor are flowed away from the reactor in a vent gas stream enabling recycling of the gases. The N2O is removed from the vent gas stream to reduce flammability. Once the N2O is removed, the NO, H2, and N2 are recycled and re-used in the reactor to form additional hydroxylamine. The N2O removed from the vent gas stream is of high purity and can be commercially sold or economically discarded.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying or separating a supply gas flow containing at least one impurity, in which: a) said supply gas flow is contacted with a first adsorbent for the adsorption-removal of at least one said impurity; b) recovering said purified or separated gas; c) heating a regeneration gas containing at least hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) using a heater having a skin temperature (T1) of between 150° C. and 200° C. during the gas heating phase; and d) periodically regenerating the adsorbent of step a) with the regeneration gas heated during step c) at a regeneration temperature (T2) such that: T2=T1??T with 5° C.<?T<50° C.

Abstract: A composition of matter wherein the composition comprises a siliceous substrate having silanols on the surface and a polymer selected from the group consisting essentially of a water soluble polymer, a water soluble copolymer, an alcohol soluble polymer, an alcohol soluble copolymer, and combinations of such polymers, wherein the polymer is chemically bonded to the siliceous substrate by a silane linking material having the general formula O3/2SiQY that is derived from an alkoxy-functional silane having the general formula (RO)3SiQX and processes for preparing the crosslinked polymer that is chemically bonded to the surface of the siliceous substrate.

Abstract: A method of activating a molded Cu-ZSM5 zeolite adsorbent of the present invention includes: oxidizing a molded product of Cu-ZSM5 zeolite in the flow of air or a gas having an equivalent oxidizability to the air at a temperature of 250° C. to 550° C.; and then heat-treating the molded product of the Cu-ZSM5 zeolite in vacuum or the flow of an inert gas at a temperature of 550° C. to 800° C. According to the present invention, an adsorbent whose adsorption performance is not deteriorated can be obtained in the case where a molded product is produced using Cu-ZSM5 zeolite.

Abstract: This invention comprises an adsorption process for the removal of at least N2O from a feed gas stream that also contains nitrogen and possibly CO2 and water. In the process the feed stream is passed over adsorbents to remove impurities such as CO2 and water, then over an additional adsorbent having a high N2O/N2 separation factor. In a preferred mode the invention is an air prepurification process for the removal of impurities from air prior to cryogenic separation of air. An apparatus for operating the process is also disclosed.

Abstract: The various embodiments of the present invention relate to compositions, apparatus, and methods comprising sorbent fibers. More particularly, various embodiments of the present invention are directed towards sorbent fiber compositions for temperature swing adsorption processes. Various embodiments of the present invention comprise sorbent fiber compositions, apparatus comprising a plurality of sorbent fibers, and methods of using the same for the capture of at least one component from a medium, for example CO2 from flue gas.

Abstract: A process for separating carbon dioxide from a fluid containing carbon dioxide, NO2, and at least one of oxygen, argon, and nitrogen comprises the steps of separating at least part of the fluid into a carbon dioxide enriched stream, a carbon dioxide depleted stream comprising CO2 and at least one of oxygen, argon, and nitrogen and a NO2 enriched stream and recycling said NO2 enriched stream upstream of the separation step.

Abstract: Pollution reduction processes may be incorporated with, or retrofit to fit with, existing combustion processes to assist with the reduction of pollutants produced in the combustion process. The thermal treatment of oil shale in the pollution reduction process produces kerogen, shale sorbent particles, or mixtures thereof, which may be reacted with a pollutant-containing gas or pollutant-containing gas having particulate matter entrained therein to reduce the pollutants in the gas. Apparatuses employing the processes are also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition comprising a vanadium oxide compound and an alkali metal promoter loaded onto a porous support material is disclosed. Methods of making and using the composition to remove heavy metals or heavy metal containing compounds from a fluid stream are also provided. Such methods are particularly useful in the removal of mercury and mercury compounds from flue gas streams produced from the combustion of hydrocarbon-containing materials such as coal and petroleum fuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to adsorbent honeycomb monoliths and other porous monoliths impregnated with alkaline and/or caustic salts of alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal. The impregnated monoliths have high adsorption capacity and low flow resistance, yet with minimized flammability, suitable for use in removal of acidic, malodorous and/or harmful gases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying a syngas of the CO/H2 or N2/H2 type, which consists in removing CO2 and possibly other gaseous impurities (water, etc.) before the gas undergoes a cryogenic process. These impurities are adsorbed by the gas stream to be purified passing over an NaLSX-type zeolite and then desorbed during a regeneration step which may be performed by raising the temperature (TSA) and/or reducing the pressure (PSA or VSA).

Abstract: A method of identifying, detecting and/or chemically using NOX compounds is provided, wherein calixarene complexes are exposed to a nitrogen-oxide gas containing samples and form calixarene-nitrosonium complexes that are readily identified and detectable. Importantly, the process of forming one or more calixarene-nitrosonium (NO+) complexes is reversible. The calixarene-nitrosonium complexes dissociate upon decoloration enabling the parent calixarenes to be recovered.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for filtering particulate from an internal combustion engine by use of monolithic particulate trap systems having porous walls (2c, 24c). The porous walls (2c, 24c) filter the particulate. The filtered particulate on inner surfaces of the porous walls is periodically removed or regenerated via back flow of previously filtered exhaust gas. The back flow is caused by creating a pressure difference across the porous walls. The back flow of the previously filtered exhaust gas is simultaneously or sequentially coupled with high velocity through flow of exhaust gas in the channels. In addition, the particulate trap system can be an adsorber-catalyst particulate trap system for filtering particulate and reducing NOx via an adsorber-catalyst trap systems to achieve the EPA 2007 standards.

Abstract: A material for filtering NO2 and nitric acid vapors from air over a wide range of humidities and temperatures including a porous hydrophobic substrate and an amine is provided.

Abstract: An improved thermal swing adsorption process is set forth which addresses the problem of water ingress into the adsorbent by periodically heating the adsorbent to a temperature greater than the temperature used in the normal regeneration cycle.

Abstract: A method and composition for the removal of contaminants in a gas stream used in the contamination sensitive processes of photolithography and metrology are described. The synergistic effect of a combination of an electropositive metal component, a high silica zeolite, and a late transition metal compound effects removal or reduction of the contaminates in the gas which interfere with light transmittance to the ppb or ppt levels necessary for the gas to be suitable for these uses. The removal of neutral polar molecules, neutral polar aprotic molecules, protic and aprotic alkaline molecules, acidic polar species, and neutral non-polar aprotic molecules is accomplished with the claimed composition. Depending on the type of contaminant, the composition components are each varied from 10 to 80 parts by volume, with the total composition limited to 100 parts by volume.

Abstract: A continuous method of producing a process fluid gas from a feed stream that includes the process fluid and impurities. The method includes: (a) providing a first and second vessel, each vessel containing one or more regenerable purifier materials for removing at least one of the impurities from the feed stream; (b) removing at least one of the impurities by passing the feed stream through one or the other of the vessels to provide a purified process fluid gas, with the vessel being maintained at a first temperature during the removal of impurities; and (c) regenerating the purifier materials in the vessels at a second temperature and during the time when it is not purifying the feed stream by flowing a portion of the purified process fluid or the feed stream or a separate source of the process fluid gas therethrough.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for regenerating a NOx adsorber coupled with an exhaust of an engine. An actuator drives a throttle valve to a first position when regeneration of the NOx adsorber is desired. The first position is a position that causes the regeneration of the NOx adsorber. An actuator drives the throttle valve to a second position while regeneration of the NOx adsorber is still desired. The second position being a position that is more open than the first position and operable to regenerate a NOx adsorber.

Abstract: A scrubber for eliminating NO from air flowing through the scrubber, comprising a housing (1) having at least one inlet hole (2) and an outlet hole (4) and which is comprising filtering material (6). A second outlet hole (9) is provided in the housing (1) at a position situated at a distance from the first outlet hole (4) and any inlet hole (2) so that the air leaving the second outlet hole (9) will have flown at least through a depth of the filtering material (6) substantially corresponding to the depth of the filtering material (6) for the air flowing from the inlet hole (2) to the first outlet hole (4).

Abstract: Zeolite adsorbent, and method of production, exchanged with calcium and barium cations, for purifying or separating a gas or gas mixture, in particular air, so as to remove therefrom the impurities found therein, such as hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides (NxOy). The adsorbent is preferably an X or LSX zeolite and the gas purification process is of the TSA type.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for filtering particulate from an internal combustion engine by use of monolithic particulate trap systems having porous walls (2c, 24c). The porous walls (2c, 24c) filter the particulate. The filtered particulate on inner surfaces of the porous walls is periodically removed or regenerated via back flow of previously filtered exhaust gas. The back flow is caused by creating a pressure difference across the porous walls. The back flow of the previously filtered exhaust gas is simultaneously or sequentially coupled with high velocity through flow of exhaust gas in the channels. In addition, the particulate trap system can be an adsorber-catalyst particulate trap system for filtering particulate and reducing NOx via an adsorber-catalyst trap systems to achieve the EPA 2007 standards.

Abstract: A method of making an adsorbent which includes: a) thermally drying dewatered sewage sludge to form granulated organic fertilizer; b) treating the fertilizer with mineral oil; and c) pyrolyzing the treated fertilizer at temperatures between about 600° C. and about 1000° C. The disclosure is also directed to adsorbents made by this method and to the processes of removing acidic gas or gases from wet gas streams by putting an adsorbent in contact with the wet gas stream and allowing the adsorbent to adsorb the acidic gas or gases.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing contamination of a substrate or a substrate surface, and particularly relates to prevention of contamination of raw materials, semi-finished products, base materials of products and substrate surface in a high-tech industry such as an in the production of semiconductors and liquid crystals. A gas coming into contact with a base material or substrate is purified by dust removing apparatus and adsorption and/or absorption apparatus so that the concentration of fine particles in the gas is below class 1,000 and a non-methane hydrocarbon concentration is below 0.2 ppm. Thereafter, the base material or the substrate surface is exposed to this gas.

Abstract: A process for the purification of flue gas, comprising the step of contacting flue gas with a carbonaceous material comprising a solid carbonaceous residue of synthetic rutile production from titaniferous ores.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for purifying the air used in cryogenic air separation are described, which are capable of effectively removing nitrogen oxides and/or hydrocarbons. The apparatus comprises an adsorber comprising an adsorption cylinder that has a first adsorbing layer and a second adsorbing layer therein. The first adsorbing layer is composed of a first adsorbent capable of selectively adsorbing water in the air. The second adsorbing layer is composed of a second adsorbent capable of selectively adsorbing nitrogen oxide and/or hydrocarbon in the air passing the first adsorbing layer, wherein the second adsorbent comprises an X zeolite containing magnesium ion as an ion-exchangeable cation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline molecular sieve SSZ-65 prepared using 1-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-cyclopropylmethyl]-1-ethyl-pyrrolidinium or 1-ethyl-1-(1-phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-pyrrolidinium cation as a structure-directing agent, methods for synthesizing SSZ-65 and processes employing SSZ-65 in a catalyst.

Abstract: An air filter for gasoline and diesel engines that drastically improves the burning efficiency of gasoline and diesel engines is provided. The air filter includes a, replaceable filtering member made of natural fibres or synthetic fibres inside an outer box. The natural or synthetic fibres are adhered with naturally radioactive rare earth element minerals that release negative ions. The element minerals are in the form of fine powders with average diameter of 0.1 &mgr;m˜100 &mgr;m, such that when air passes through the filtering member, it is purified by the released negative ions and becomes oxygen-rich air for use in the combustion chambers of gasoline or diesel engines.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing contamination of a substrate or a substrate surface, and particularly relates to prevention of contamination of raw materials, semi-finished products, base materials of products and substrate surface in a high-tech industry such as in the production of semiconductors and liquid crystals. A gas coming into contact with a base material or substrate is purified by dust removing apparatus and adsorption and/or absorption apparatus so that the concentration of fine particles in the gas is below class 1,000 and a non-methane hydrocarbon concentration is below 0.2 ppm. Thereafter, the base material or the substrate surface is exposed to this gas.

Abstract: A method for removing a first and a second minor component from a gas mixture comprising the first and second minor components and one or more major components. The method comprises providing a first adsorbent zone containing a first adsorbent material and a second adsorbent zone containing a second adsorbent material wherein the selectivity of the first adsorbent material for the first minor component relative to the second minor component is greater than the selectivity of the second adsorbent material for the first minor component relative to the second minor component. The average particle diameter of the first adsorbent material and the average particle diameter of the second adsorbent material preferably are substantially the same. The gas mixture is passed through the first adsorbent zone and subsequently through the second adsorbent zone. A purified gas containing the one or more major components and depleted in the first and second minor component is withdrawn from the second adsorbent zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the removal of nitrous oxide from a feed gas stream using an adsorbent having a nitrogen diffusion parameter of 0.12 sec−1 or higher and a nitrous oxide capacity of 79 mmol/g/atm or higher at 30° C.

Abstract: A process for removing at least water and carbon dioxide from a feed gas stream of air, synthesis gas or natural gas is described, comprising the steps of: contacting the feed gas stream with a composite adsorbent comprising silica and metal oxide, wherein the composite adsorbent contains at least 50 wt % silica, to form a first purified gas stream, and regenerating the composite adsorbent at a temperature of 0 to 200° C. The process optionally further comprises contacting the first purified gas stream with a carbon dioxide adsorbent and/or a nitrous oxide or hydrocarbon adsorbent.

Abstract: A process for removing at least water and carbon dioxide from a feed gas stream of air, synthesis gas or natural gas is described, comprising the steps of:

Abstract: A method for removing a first and a second minor component from a gas mixture comprising the first and second minor components and one or more major components. The method comprises providing a first adsorbent zone containing a first adsorbent material and a second adsorbent zone containing a second adsorbent material wherein the selectivity of the first adsorbent material for the first minor component relative to the second minor component is greater than the selectivity of the second adsorbent material for the first minor component relative to the second minor component. The average particle diameter of the first adsorbent material and the average particle diameter of the second adsorbent material preferably are substantially the same. The gas mixture is passed through the first adsorbent zone and subsequently through the second adsorbent zone. A purified gas containing the one or more major components and depleted in the first and second minor component is withdrawn from the second adsorbent zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to materials for removing the nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 present in exhaust gases, particularly from internal combustion engines of automotive vehicles running in a medium containing a superstoichiometric proportion of oxidizing agents, said materials being capable of absorbing the nitrogen oxides and of desorbing the nitrogen oxides when the temperature is raised, relative to the absorption temperature, or when the gas composition is changed to a rich mixture, said materials being mixed oxides in which the metals A and B are all octahedrally coordinated and are arranged to form the ilmenite structure ABO3. These materials absorb the nitrogen oxides and do not become poisoned in contact with the sulfur oxides and carbon oxides containing in the gases. In the presence of a group VIII metal, the material is capable of eliminating the adsorbed nitrogen oxides by reduction when the gas composition is changed to a rich mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the removal of nitrous oxide from a feed gas stream using an adsorbent having a nitrogen diffusion parameter of 0.12 sec−1 or higher and a nitrous oxide capacity of 79 mmol/g/atm or higher at 30° C.

Abstract: A method of treating a hollandite compound to improve its adsorption of nitrogen monoxide, which comprises subjecting a hollandite compound having a hollandite-type crystal structure and represented by a chemical formula AxMyN8-yO16, wherein A is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal K, Na, Rb or Ca, M is a bivalent or trivalent metal element Fe, Ga, Zn, In, Cr, Co, Mg, Al or Ni, N is a tetravalent metal element Sn or Ti, 0<x≦2 and 0<y≦2, to a heat treatment in a stream of an oxygen-nitrogen mixture having oxygen gas and nitrogen gas mixed in a volume ratio of 3:97 to 50:50, at a temperature of from 50 to 1,500° C. for from 5 minutes to 1 hour.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying a syngas of the CO/H2 or N2/H2 type, which consists in removing CO2 and possibly other gaseous impurities (water, etc.) before the gas undergoes a cryogenic process. These impurities are adsorbed by the gas stream to be purified passing over an NaLSX-type zeolite and then desorbed during a regeneration step which may be performed by raising the temperature (TSA) and/or reducing the pressure (PSA or VSA).

Abstract: A gas mixture comprised of nitric oxide and one or more impurities selected from nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous acid, sulfur dioxide, carbonyl sulfide, water vapor and carbon dioxide is purified by pressure swing adsorption or temperature swing adsorption using a porous, metal-free polymer adsorbent that does not promote the disproportionation of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen or nitrous oxide. The adsorption step is preferably carried out at tempereatures in the range of about −120 to about 0° C.

Abstract: A Diesel particulate filter cartridge system for filtering particulate matter and nitrogen oxide from a flow of air containing particular matter includes a filter support plate with a plurality of cylindrical electrically regenerable filter media members connected thereto. A NOx trap is also provided that is either incorporated directly into the filter media members or provided as a separate structure in close proximity to the filter media members. A valve assembly includes a number of independently actuatable damper valves that correspond to a number of through holes in the filter support plate. When actuated, the damper valves limiting flow of air through a corresponding through hole and filter media member connected thereto. An outer housing is disposed about the valve assembly and filter media members to contain them in a compact package. A programmable computer control module shuts off the flow of air through a filter media member and selectively electrically regenerates it.

Abstract: A particulate filter (22) carrying an active oxygen release agent which takes in oxygen and holds oxygen when excess oxygen is present in the surroundings and releases the held oxygen in the form of active oxygen when the concentration of oxygen in the surroundings falls is arranged in an exhaust passage of an engine. The air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the particulate filter (22) is normally maintained lean and is occasionally switched to rich temporarily. When the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is switched to rich, an oxidation reaction of the particulate on the particulate filter is promoted by the active oxygen released from the active oxygen release agent. Due to this, the particulate in the exhaust gas is continuously removed by oxidation on the particulate filter (22) without emitting a luminous flame.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for purifying the air used in cryogenic air separation are described, which are capable of effectively removing nitrogen oxides and/or hydrocarbons. The apparatus comprises an adsorber comprising an adsorption cylinder that has a first adsorbing layer and a second adsorbing layer therein. The first adsorbing layer is composed of a first adsorbent capable of selectively adsorbing water in the air. The second adsorbing layer is composed of a second adsorbent capable of selectively adsorbing nitrogen oxide and/or hydrocarbon in the air passing the first adsorbing layer, wherein the second adsorbent comprises an X zeolite containing magnesium ion as an ion-exchangeable cation.

Abstract: The present invention is a reactive adsorption process for separating NOx (NO and NO2/N2O4) from N2O in a mixture. The process comprises (A) selectively converting NO to NO2/N2O4 in a mixture with an oxidant and (B) selectively adsorbing NO2/N2O4 from the mixture by an adsorbent and © recovering a stream of N2O having a substantially reduced NOx concentration. The adsorbed NOx can be recovered from the adsorbent by elevated temperature, reduced pressure, inert gas purge, water wash or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A process for absorbing nitrogen oxides, comprising the step of placing gas mixtures containing nitrogen oxides in contact with absorbent compounds constituted by mixed copper oxides chosen among CaCuO2, Sr14Cu24O41, derivatives thereof obtained by isovalent and/or heterovalent substitutions, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing a purified gaseous product from a gaseous feedstream such as air containing impurities is disclosed. The impurities such as hydrogen, water vapor, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are removed from the gaseous feedstream in a vessel having layers of adsorbents and oxidation catalysts. The placement of the hydrogen to water vapor conversion catalyst downstream of the step of contacting the feedstream with a catalyst to convert the carbon monoxide to the carbon dioxide and the step of removing the carbon dioxide from the feedstream improves not only performance but also the economies of the purification system.

Abstract: A binderless X-type zeolite is used in a process for the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide and/or N2O in a gaseous mixture, the zeolite being obtained by converting the binder in a bound zeolite to zeolite such that the ratio of the adsorption capacity for carbon dioxide of the binderless zeolite to the adsorption capacity of the bound zeolite is greater than the weight ratio of the level of zeolite in the binderless zeolite to the level in the bound zeolite.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods and compositions for gas separation and purification utilizing a metallo-organic polymer adsorbent in processes for separating carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons from gas streams.