Abstract: Disclosed are methods, apparatuses and systems for the remediation of contaminated soils, groundwater, water, and/or waste using a combination of reagents. The disclosed methods may be used to treat various recalcitrant halogenated substances, such as perfluoroalkyls and polyfluoroalkyls. Particular combinations of reagents that may be used in the disclosed methods include but are not limited to: (1) persulfate, oxygen and ozone; (2) persulfate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (3) persulfate, phosphate, and/or oxygen; (4) persulfate, phosphate, oxygen and ozone; (5) persulfate, phosphate, salt and oxygen (6) persulfate, phosphate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (7) oxygen and salt; and (8) air and salt. The disclosed methods may enhance destruction of organic contaminants in the liquid phase and may also control the rate of aerosol or foam formation relative to the rate of chemical oxidation and/or reduction/transfer.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling acid-rock reaction includes a first reactor, a second reactor connected to the first reactor and configured to produce a spent acid through reaction of a rock with an acid aqueous solution and to introduce the spent acid into the first reactor, the first reactor being configured to react a rock disk with the spent acid introduced from the second reactor, a sample extractor connected to the first reactor and configured to extract, from the first reactor, a predetermined amount of the spent acid reacting with the rock disk in the first reactor, and a data acquisition device configured to acquire temperature and pressure data of the first reactor and the second reactor and control the first reactor and the second reactor based on he acquired temperature and pressure data of the first reactor and the second reactor.

Abstract: A horizontal gas coalescing filter unit having a reduced vertical footprint includes a first housing including an inlet and an outlet, the inlet being configured for receiving a gas, including liquid condensates, under pressure. The filter unit includes an impingement head, a tuyere, and a vane separator to cause liquid condensates to separate from the gas. A second housing is positioned in fluid communication with the horizontal housing and contains a coalescing filter for receiving the gas exiting the vane separator and for further removing the liquid condensates from the gas. A gas outlet is associated with the second housing for allowing the separated, dry gas to exit the filter unit. A method for separating liquid condensates from the gas is also provided.

Abstract: A fluid recovery system includes a separator configured to separate a hydrocarbon stream into an unfractionated mixture, water, and natural gas. The system further includes a storage vessel in communication with the separator and configured to store the unfractionated mixture separated from the hydrocarbon stream. The system further includes a compressor in communication with the separator and configured to pressurize the natural gas.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for controlling vapor recovery in a pressurized system. A first vessel is configured to receive gas or condensate from a station at a first pressure, the first vessel including a first output for outputting vapor to a liquid cooled compressor. A second vessel is configured to receive condensate from the first vessel, the second vessel being controlled to maintain a second pressure that is lower than the first pressure, the second vessel including a first output for outputting vapor to the first vessel, the second vessel including a second output for outputting condensate to a storage container. A second compressor is configured to maintain the second pressure at the second vessel, and a pumping network is configured to transport liquid from the compressor to the first vessel and the second vessel to increase temperatures at the first vessel and the second vessel.

Abstract: A system for transferring heat from an ethanol and water vapor stream is disclosed as having a first heat exchanger, a valve system coupled to first heat exchanger and a first tank, a second tank coupled to the valve system, a second heat exchanger coupled to first tank and second tank, and a pipe line connecting the second tank to the first heat exchanger. A method for transferring heat is provided and involves intermittently cooling a first media, transferring heat from the first media to a second media, and directing the second media to a valve system. The valve system directs a flow of the second media to the first tank when a temperature of second media is above a temperature set point and directs the flow of the second media to the second tank when the temperature of second media is below the temperature set point.

Abstract: An emission control system (ECS) and associated method for facilitating the emulsification and/or dispersion of hydrocarbon, diesel particulate matter (DPM) and other pollutants from the exhaust gas output from a diesel engine of a marine vessel, includes a pump, a control system that controls the pump, and a product container containing an environmentally approved dispersing product. The ECS injects dispersing product into the engine's water cooling and exhaust system, for example, into the cooling water downstream of the engine and upstream of the spray ring or mixing elbow of the exhaust system. The environmentally approved dispersing product is drawn from the product container via the pump and injected at a controlled rate into the raw cooling water, and the dispersing product/cooling water mixture admixes with the exhaust gas resulting in emulsification and/or dispersion of the hydrocarbon, DPM and other pollutants present in the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A process for recovering hydrogen during hydroprocessing, where the process includes providing a pressure increasing device to a hydroprocessing unit, wherein the pressure increasing device utilizes a high pressure stream from a separator for increasing pressure; introducing a hydrogen containing stream to the pressure increasing device, thereby increasing the pressure of the hydrogen containing stream; and routing the hydrogen containing stream from the pressure increasing device to a vapor-liquid separator. The process also includes separating the hydrogen from the hydrogen containing stream in a hydrogen purification unit to produce a recovered hydrogen stream; and then preferably using the recovered hydrogen stream from the hydrogen purification unit within the hydroprocessing unit.

Abstract: A fluid heating system for heating and dispensing fluid in a primary fluid flow path is disclosed, and may include a reservoir defining an interior for holding a quantity of a fluid, with the interior being in fluid communication with the primary fluid flow path such that the quantity of fluid in the interior is able to flow into the primary fluid flow path. A primary pump may be configured to pump fluid in the primary fluid flow path, the primary pump being in fluid communication with the primary fluid flow path. A fluid dispensing device may be configured to selectively dispense fluid from the primary fluid flow path. A steam injection apparatus may be in communication with the interior of the reservoir device to inject steam into the interior to heat fluid located in the interior of the reservoir.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide methods and systems for generating a CO2 product stream. A method described includes generating a liquid acid gas stream including H2S and CO2. The liquid acid gas stream is flashed to form a first vapor stream and a bottom stream. The bottom stream is fractionated to form a second vapor stream and a liquid acid waste stream. The first vapor stream and the second vapor stream are combined to form a combined vapor stream. The combined vapor stream is treated in an absorption column to remove excess H2S, forming the CO2 product stream.

Abstract: A system is provided for removing dimethyl ether (DME) from oil, water or brine and gas that includes a gas-oil-water separation module, a DME absorber, a water stripper, a liquid-liquid extractor, a water source, and an oil stripper, and a process is provided for separating DME from a mixture of DME, crude oil, water or brine, and a gas containing alkane hydrocarbons. A DME lean oil containing at most 1 ppmwt may be produced by the process.

Abstract: A slug-containing vapor recovery system wherein pressure and/or fluid level sensors are provided which monitor for conditions caused by the entry of a slug of hydrocarbon liquid, including that caused by a plunger-lift system. The system can be configured to accommodate virtually any anticipated slug-events.

Abstract: A method for reducing one or more additives in a gaseous hydrocarbon stream (40) such as natural gas, comprising the steps of: (a) admixing an initial hydrocarbon feed stream (10) with one or more additives (20) to provide a multiphase hydrocarbon stream (30); (b) passing the multiphase hydrocarbon stream (30) from a first location (A) to a second location (B2); (c) at the second location (B2), passing the multiphase hydrocarbon stream (30) through a separator (22) to provide one or more liquid streams (50) comprising the majority of the one or more additives, and a gaseous hydrocarbon stream (40) comprising the remainder of the one or more additives; and (d) washing the gaseous hydrocarbon stream (40) in a decontamination unit (24) with a washing stream (60), wherein the washing stream (60) comprises distilled water, to provide an additive-enriched stream (70) and an additive-reduced hydrocarbon stream (80).

Abstract: An exhaust gas plume mitigation process and system includes either mixing secondary heat into a moisture rich exhaust gas stream, or diverting a moisture rich exhaust gas stream into a primary exhaust stack having hot exhaust gases flowing therethrough. Moisture rich exhaust gas from a liquid concentrator may be diverted into a high temperature exhaust stack of an engine, a generator, or a flare. The high temperature exhaust gases from the engine, the generator, or the flare raise the temperature of the moisture rich exhaust gas from the concentrator. The high temperature exhaust gases from the engine, the generator, or the flare are also lower in moisture content, so that the moisture rich exhaust gas from the concentrator is diluted by the drier high temperature exhaust gas. As a result, the mixed gas is less likely to develop a moisture plume upon exit to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A fermentation liquid feed including water and a product alcohol and optionally CO2 is at least partially vaporized such that a vapor stream is produced. The vapor stream is contacted with an absorption liquid under suitable conditions wherein an amount of the product alcohol is absorbed. The portion of the vapor stream that is absorbed can include an amount of each of the water, the product alcohol and optionally the CO2. The temperature at the onset of the absorption of the vapor stream into the absorption liquid can be greater than the temperature at the onset of condensation of the vapor stream in the absence of the absorption liquid. The product alcohol can be separated from the absorption liquid whereby the absorption liquid is regenerated. The absorption liquid can include a water soluble organic molecule such as an amine.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for treating process water which is loaded with gaseous compounds and/or possibly with solids and comes from a wet-cleaning installation for cleaning process gas, e.g., from a melt-reduction subassembly or from a direct-reduction subassembly. Process water is introduced in a tank in a first process stage and degassed on the basis of reduced solubility of the dissolved compounds. The tank has, on its upper side, a gas-collecting chamber, in which the separated-off gases are collected and from which these are discharged. Likewise, the treated process water is discharged from the tank via a drainage means.

Abstract: A method for reducing one or more additives in a gaseous hydrocarbon stream (40) such as natural gas, comprising the steps of: (a) admixing an initial hydrocarbon feed stream (10) with one or more additives (20) to provide a multiphase hydrocarbon stream (30); (b) passing the multiphase hydrocarbon stream (30) from a first location (A) to a second location (B2); (c) at the second location (B2), passing the multiphase hydrocarbon stream (30) through a separator (22) to provide one or more liquid streams (50) comprising the majority of the one or more additives, and a gaseous hydrocarbon stream (40) comprising the remainder of the one or more additives; and (d) washing the gaseous hydrocarbon stream (40) in a decontamination unit (24) with a washing stream (60), wherein the washing stream (60) comprises distilled water, to provide an additive-enriched stream (70) and an additive-reduced hydrocarbon stream (80).

Abstract: A method of introducing flue gas, from a flue stack in a steam-assisted production facility, into a heat exchanger. The flue gas comprises boiler combustion products selected from at least one of commercial pipeline gas and produced gas. The method begins by cooling a portion of the water vapor in the flue gas in the heat exchanger to produce flue gas water. This flue gas water is then collected and removed as make-up water.

Abstract: The hydrogen sulphide content of natural gas obtained from the extraction of sour-gas containing crude oil/ natural gas mixtures, is reduced by reducing the high pressure of a raw crude oil/ natural gas mixture to 70-130 bar, separating an outgassing raw gas from the crude oil, cooling the outgassed raw gas and simultaneously drawing off a liquid medium which condenses from the outgassing raw gas during cooling. The outgassed raw gas is subjected, after pressure reduction, to gas scrubbing by a physically active solvent. The laden solvent is directed to at least one pressure reduction step to obtain H2S outgas from the solvent. The pressure of the crude oil is further reduced in two subsequent steps to 20-40 bar and 2-15 bar and additional H2S rich raw gas streams are separated from the crude oil which outgas therefrom.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of hydrogen sulphide and other acid gas fractions from sour wellsite gas in hydrocarbon production is provided. The selected acid gas fractions are absorbed into a noncorrosive and transportable solvent solution at the wellsite, the rich solvent solution being transported to a central plant location where it is desorbed from the solvent solution for further handling or processing. The lean solvent solution can then be recycled. Multiple acid gas fractions could be recovered from the sour gas in question using a single appropriate solvent solution. Carbon dioxide could be absorbed and desorbed at the wellsite rather than at the central plant location. Clean gas is yielded at the natural gas into solvent wellsite for downstream processing or sale.

Abstract: A compact and portable liquid concentrator includes a gas inlet, a gas exit and a flow corridor connecting the gas inlet and the gas exit, wherein the flow corridor includes a narrowed portion that accelerates the gas through the flow corridor. A liquid inlet injects liquid into the gas stream at a point prior to the narrowed portion so that the gas-liquid mixture is thoroughly mixed within the flow corridor, causing a portion of the liquid to be evaporated. A demister or fluid scrubber downstream of the narrowed portion removes entrained liquid droplets from the gas stream and re-circulates the removed liquid to the liquid inlet through a re-circulating circuit. Fresh liquid to be concentrated is also introduced into the re-circulating circuit at a rate sufficient to offset the amount of liquid evaporated in the flow corridor.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a sprayer for distributing at least one fluid in a vessel. The sprayer can include a first member having a first surface and a second surface forming at least one aperture there-through. Generally, the at least one aperture is skewed with respect to a substantially vertical axis passing through a center of the first member for distributing the at least one fluid in the vessel.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for highly purifying nitric oxide by removing impurities included in nitric oxide, which comprises: a number of dehumidifiers connected to one another in a series, to remove water and carbon dioxide from the nitric oxide; a vaporizing and liquefying unit for respectively separating impurities into a gaseous state and a liquid state by cooling the nitric oxide which passed through the dehumidifiers at sub-zero temperatures; a storage tank for storing highly purified nitric oxide separated by the vaporizing and liquefying unit; an exhaust pump for discharging gaseous impurities, separated by the vaporizing and liquefying unit, to a scrubber; an outlet for discharging liquid impurities, separated by the vaporizing and liquefying unit, to the scrubber; and the scrubber 50 for purifying the gaseous and liquid impurities.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for purifying a waste fluid stream. The system includes a recirculation pump having an inlet for a recirculation stream and an outlet to expel a pressurized stream. The system includes a compressor having an inlet for an evaporation stream and an outlet for a pressurized evaporation stream. A primary heat exchanger has inlets for the pressurized stream and the pressurized evaporation stream, an internal surface area for heat transfer from the evaporation stream to the pressurized stream, and outlets for a cooled product stream and a heated pressurized stream. The heated pressurized stream is formed by heating the pressurized stream and the cooled product stream is formed by cooling the evaporation stream. The system includes an evaporation unit having an inlet for the heated pressurized stream and outlets for an evaporation stream and the recycled liquid bottoms stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for removal of carbon dioxide from a feed gas, wherein the feed gas is fed to and concentrated in a stripper column (A) before condensation of the gaseous carbon dioxide. The present invention also relates to different uses of the removed carbon dioxide and to a plant for removal of carbon dioxide from the feed gas.

Abstract: The system uses seawater to remove sulfur dioxide from shipboard diesel exhaust gases. Structurally, the system includes a single-stage countercurrent scrubber with top and bottom ends. During operation, diesel exhaust gases are introduced into the bottom end of the scrubber and flow to the top end of the scrubber. Further, seawater is fed into the top end of the scrubber and falls to the bottom end while absorbing sulfur dioxide from the diesel exhaust gases. Thereafter, the exhaust gases exit the scrubber, substantially free of sulfur dioxide. Further, the extremely acidic effluent seawater exits the scrubber and is treated with caustic. As a result, the caustic neutralizes the seawater. Also, dissolved carbon dioxide may be removed from the effluent seawater to reduce the amount of caustic required for neutralization. In addition, an oxidizer may be used to reduce the chemical oxygen demand of the effluent seawater.

Abstract: A method for treating a waste product from a chemical processing plant. Chemical processing plants such as oil refineries produce sour water waste that includes ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The sour water is typically steam stripped to form a vapor stream including water, the ammonia and the hydrogen sulfide. The vapor stream is converted into a concentrated ammonium sulfide solution using a scrubber unit that includes a cooling and quenching column. Concentrating the byproducts provides for more efficient transportation of the concentrate from several refineries to a remote, centralized purification facility.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for degassing an aqueous solution containing a hydroformylation product and separating a volatile metal species from gaseous stream to inhibit or prevent deposition of a solid material from the gaseous stream. To separate the volatile metal species from the gaseous stream, the gaseous stream is either 1) contacted with a liquid that separates the volatile metal species, or a reaction product thereof, from the gaseous stream; 2) passed through a microfilter having a pore size of 2 ?m or less; or 3) contacted with an adsorbent material.

Abstract: In a sewage treatment plant, dissolved ammonium is extracted from the waste-water stream, and is transferred to a body of secondary water. The secondary water is passed through an electrolysis station, where the ammonium is transformed to nitrogen gas. The capture and transfer can be done by ion-exchange, the electrolysis then being done on the regenerant water. Or the capture and transfer can be done by first transforming the dissolved ammonium to ammonia gas by raising the pH of the waste-water, then passing the ammonia gas through acidic secondary-water, in which the ammonia dissolves, the electrolysis then being done on the acid-water. The electrolysed, ammonium-diminished, secondary-water can be re-used in further capture/transfer episodes. The secondary-water does not mix with the waste-water stream.

Abstract: A process for recovering light Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons from a rich tail gas produced from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis operation which comprises: (a) recovering separately from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis operation a Fischer-Tropsch condensate and a hydrocarbon rich Fischer-Tropsch tail gas; (b) cooling the Fischer-Tropsch condensate and Fischer-Tropsch tail gas; (c) using the cooled Fischer-Tropsch condensate as a lean oil to adsorb at least a portion of the light Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons present in the Fischer-Tropsch tail gas, whereby a rich oil mixture comprising Fischer-Tropsch condensate and light Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons is formed; and (d) collecting the rich oil mixture.

Abstract: A drinking water treatment system includes a pump for pumping water from an aquifer, an aerator connected downstream from the pump for generating an outlet water flow and a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas flow, and a hydrogen sulfide scrubber for scrubbing the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas flow from the aerator. The hydrogen sulfide scrubber includes at least one scrubber tank and scrubber media contained therein. A scrubbing solution circulator includes a dispenser for dispensing scrubbing solution into contact with the scrubber media, a sump for collecting the scrubbing solution after contact with the scrubber media, and a circulating pump for circulating the scrubbing solution from the sump back to the dispenser after contact with the scrubber media. A triazine compound supply is provided for supplying a triazine compound to the scrubbing solution.

Abstract: In a hydrocracking unit, the flash gases from the high-pressure separator are fed to the bottom of an absorption zone where the entering gases are counter-currently contacted with a lean solvent. The lean solvent absorbs away the contained methane, ethane, propane, butanes and pentanes (C1+) from the contained hydrogen. The overhead gas stream from the absorption zone typically contains hydrogen at a purity of 90 to 98 mol %, or even higher, which is fed to the recycle gas stream to provide hydrogen purity in the range of 96 to 99 mol %, thereby providing an increase in the overall efficiency of the hydroprocessor unit. The process can also be employed with hydrotreating, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodealkylation reactors.

Abstract: The present invention aims to isolate the azeotropes formed in a distillation column (B1) by methanol, propane and butane. The azeotropes are then liquefied in heat exchanger (E2) and mixed in contactor (M1) with water in order to dissolve the methanol in water. The mixture is then fed into a decantation tank (D2) to separate the aqueous phase from the liquid hydrocarbon phase. Finally, an aqueous phase containing methanol is discharged and the methanol-depleted hydrocarbon phase is recycled to distillation column (B1) as reflux.

Abstract: In a hydrocracking unit, the flash gases from the high-pressure separator are fed to the bottom of an absorption zone where the entering gases are counter-currently contacted with a lean solvent. The lean solvent absorbs away the contained methane, ethane, propane, butanes and pentanes (C1+) from the contained hydrogen. The overhead gas stream from the absorption zone typically contains hydrogen at a purity of 90 to 98 mol %, or even higher, which is fed to the recycle gas stream to provide hydrogen purity in the range of 96 to 99 mol %, thereby providing an increase in the overall efficiency of the hydroprocessor unit. The process can also be employed with hydrotreating, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodealkylation reactors.

Abstract: The present invention aims to isolate the azeotropes formed in a distillation column (B1) by methanol, propane and butane. The azeotropes are then liquefied in heat exchanger (E2) and mixed in contactor (M1) with water in order to dissolve the methanol in water. The mixture is then fed into a decantation tank (D2) to separate the aqueous phase from the liquid hydrocarbon phase. Finally, an aqueous phase containing methanol is discharged and the methanol-depleted hydrocarbon phase is recycled to distillation column (B1) as reflux.

Abstract: A method is disclosed by which vapour is cleaned of gaseous impurities during evaporation of polluted liquids. Vapour is conducted via a boiler, a compressor to a heat exchanger (12) in which condensation takes place. In order to clean the vapour, a scrubber (14) is arranged between the boiler (3) and the heat exchanger (12), in which the vapour is scrubbed in several steps (17, 18) at different pH values. Thus, the step (17) is an acid step, whereas the step (18) is an alkaline step. In this manner, the vapour for condensation may be conducted into the heat exchanger and be condensed in order to remove a clean condensate without pollution of acid or alkaline substances.

Abstract: A method for removing hazardous gases having water solubility from storage tanks by scrubbing steps is described. Additionally, a method for removing ethylene dichloride contamination from soil is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for processing chemical cleaning solvent waste that combines evaporation, purification, and absorption. The method is mobile and thus allows the processing to be done at the site of the cleaning where the entire processing can be completed. Evaporation produces a concentrated solvent and vapor and gas. The concentrated solvent is absorbed to produce a dry residue for long term storage or disposal and a liquid that is filtered and then released to the surrounding environment. The vapor and gas are scrubbed and condensed to produce a gas that is suitable for release and a distillate. The distillate is purified by filtration and reverse osmosis to produce a distillate that is suitable for release.

Abstract: A method for processing chemical cleaning solvent waste that combines evaporation, purification, and detoxification. The method is mobile and thus allows the processing to be done at the site of the cleaning where the entire processing can be completed. Evaporation produces a concentrated solvent and vapor and gas. The concentrated solvent is detoxified to produce a dry residue for long term storage or disposal and a liquid that is filtered and then released to the surrounding environment. The vapor and gas are scrubbed and condensed to produce a gas that is suitable for release and a distillate. The distillate is purified by filtration and reverse osmosis to produce a distillate that is suitable for release.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC), generally speaking from industrial fluids, but with special emphasis on water. The dominant feature of the invention is to resort to physical processes such as stripping, absorption and flash evaporation. so that no environmentally undesirable by-products will be formed. Basically the process achieves in one single tower structure air stripping of the contaminated fluid (water) and subsequent removal of the contaminants from the spent stripping air by controlled and special contacting of the contaminated air with certain low volatility solvents in film tray contacting equipment, which can be used with special advantages to permit removal of the VOC from the spent air, as well as for the recovery of the VOC from the VOC-rich solvents.