Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for purifying a waste fluid stream. The system includes a recirculation pump having an inlet for a recirculation stream and an outlet to expel a pressurized stream. The system includes a compressor having an inlet for an evaporation stream and an outlet for a pressurized evaporation stream. A primary heat exchanger has inlets for the pressurized stream and the pressurized evaporation stream, an internal surface area for heat transfer from the evaporation stream to the pressurized stream, and outlets for a cooled product stream and a heated pressurized stream. The heated pressurized stream is formed by heating the pressurized stream and the cooled product stream is formed by cooling the evaporation stream. The system includes an evaporation unit having an inlet for the heated pressurized stream and outlets for an evaporation stream and the recycled liquid bottoms stream.

Abstract: Systems and processes utilize one or more methods of providing overhead waste process heat to increase the feed temperature of the hot solvent stripping regeneration loop in an acid gas removal process. A heated rich solvent stream can be the primary feed for the hot solvent stripping regeneration loop, and one or more slip streams can be heated and then combined with the heated rich solvent stream to form a combined rich solvent stream prior to further processing in downstream units to remove acid gas from the solvent. A first slip stream can be heated in a stripper gas heat exchanger by heat exchange with a stripped gas stream. A second slip stream can be heated in a regenerator exchanger by heat exchange with an acid gas stream. A third slip stream can be heated in a recycle gas exchanger by heat exchange with a compressed recycle gas stream.

Abstract: An absorbent according to the present invention absorbs CO2 or H2S contained in flue gas emitted from a power generating plant such as a thermal plant, and contains three or more amine compounds selected from linear or cyclic amine compounds having a primary amino group, and linear or cyclic amine compounds having a secondary amino group. By way of a synergetic effect of the mixture of these compounds, the absorption speed of CO2 or H2S absorption is improved. A small amount of CO2 contained in a large amount of boiler flue gas can be absorbed efficiently.

Abstract: A process of removal of CO2 from a flue gas (2). The process comprises the steps of: a) providing a flue gas comprising CO2 (2), b) contacting the flue gas of step (a) with an ammonia-comprising medium (9), to absorb CO2 from said flue gas; and c) condensing ammonia (4) present in the flue gas leaving step (b), to remove ammonia from said flue gas. A system for removal of CO2 from a flue gas. A system for removal of CO2 from a flue gas. The system comprises a CO2 absorber (1) receiving the flue gas (2) and comprising an ammonia-comprising medium (9). The system further comprises an ammonia condenser (4) receiving flue gas (3) leaving the CO2 absorber.

Abstract: A process for maintaining a low carbon monoxide content in a carbon dioxide product that is made in a synthesis gas purification process is disclosed. More particularly, the invention involves an improved process in which a portion of a loaded solvent is sent through a carbon dioxide absorber instead of to a series of carbon dioxide flash drums.

Abstract: An absorbent liquid according to the present invention is an absorbent liquid for absorbing CO2 or H2S or both from gas, in which the absorbent liquid includes an alkanolamine as a first compound component, and a second component including a nitrogen-containing compound having in a molecule thereof two members or more selected from a primary nitrogen, a secondary nitrogen, and a tertiary nitrogen or a nitrogen-containing compound having in a molecule thereof all of primary, secondary, and tertiary nitrogens. The absorbent liquid has an excellent absorption capacity performance and an excellent absorption reaction heat performance, as compared to an aqueous solution containing solely an alkanolamine and a nitrogen-containing compound in the same concentration in terms of wt %, and can recover CO2 or H2S or both from gas with smaller energy.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and system for regenerating a solvent used to remove carbon dioxide from feed gases, such as natural gas and synthesis gas. The process and system employ a biphasic turbine to recover energy following pressure let down.

Abstract: A process and system for removing tars from synthesis gas uses glycerol produced as a byproduct of biodiesel manufacture. The biodiesel may be made from various oil feedstocks such as canola, rapeseed, or soybean oils. Associated with the harvesting of these crops may be the ready availability of byproduct biomass useful as feedstock for gasification. In addition, methanol may be sourced from the gasification of biomass to exploit a potential synergy between biodiesel manufacture and biomass gasification. The present invention develops those synergies further by making use of a byproduct stream from the manufacture of biodiesel to remove tars from the gasifier synthesis gas and to provide a useful end use for the byproduct.

Abstract: A CO2 recovery system includes an absorption tower that removes CO2 from exhaust gas, a regeneration tower that regenerates a rich solution, and a separation drum that condensates steam in CO2 gas released from the regeneration tower and separates water. The CO2 recovery system further includes a filtration membrane apparatus that filters solid content remaining in the lean solution using a filter, and cleans the filter using condensed water as cleaning water and again return the condensed water into the system. The CO2-absorbing solution attached to the filter is collected and the filter is cleaned without diluting the CO2-absorbing solution upon replacement of the filter.

Abstract: A chilled ammonia based CO2 capture system and method is provided. A promoter is used to help accelerate certain capture reactions that occur substantially coincident to and/or as a result of contacting a chilled ammonia based ionic solution with a gas stream that contains CO2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of removing acid gases, notably carbonyl sulfide, contained in gaseous effluents, comprising: an acid gas absorption stage by contacting the gaseous effluent with an aqueous solution comprising 2-[2-amino-1-(aminomethyl)ethoxy]ethanol, and possibly another alkanolamine and an organic compound, and at least one aqueous solution regeneration stage. The method can comprise a second aqueous solution regeneration stage. The regeneration stages are carried out by expansion and/or thermal regeneration.

Abstract: Certain embodiments and aspects of the present invention relate to a photobioreactor including covered photobioreactor units through which a liquid medium stream and a gas stream flow. The liquid medium comprises at least one species of phototrophic organism therein. Certain methods of using the photobioreactor system as part of fuel generation system and/or a gas-treatment process or system at least partially remove certain undesirable pollutants from a gas stream. In certain embodiments, a portion of the liquid medium is diverted from a photobioreactor unit and reintroduced upstream of the diversion position.

Abstract: Method and system for processing natural gas containing contaminants through the use of one or more rotary screw compressors. A natural gas containing a contaminant (e.g., water or carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide) and a contaminant removing agent are combined and processed within a rotary screw compressor. The contaminant removing agent may be a dehydrating agent such as a glycol or a carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide removing agent such an amine. The method and system of the present invention also may employ a series of rotary screw compressors to process natural gas containing a plurality of contaminants.

Abstract: The arrangements described herein are based upon a theory of selective absorption of hydrogen sulphide over carbon dioxide from gas based on countercurrent contact between gas and tertiary or other amines which exhibit preferential affinity for H2S over CO2 primarily because of differential rates of absorption of the two gases. The process of enhanced selective absorption is accomplished by performing the absorption in two steps. The first operation is to contact lean amine with sour gas which contains both H2S and CO2. The object of the first operation is to produce an overhead gas that meets an arbitrary standard for content of H2S and CO2. The second operation is to enhance the selectivity for H2S by contacting the rich amine leaving the first operation with a second gas which is a highly concentrated acid gas having a higher H2S/CO2 ratio than the first acid gas.

Abstract: Method and system for compressing and dehydrating wet natural gas produced from a low-pressure well using a rotary screw compressor. A dehydrating agent is combined with wet natural gas within a rotary screw compressor. Operation of the rotary screw compressor causes compression and dehydration of the wet natural gas to produce a compressed dry natural gas. Engine exhaust produced by the engine which powers the rotary screw compressor may be used to remove water absorbed by the dehydrating agent and thereby recover the dehydrating agent for re-circulation in the system.

Abstract: A wet material treatment apparatus includes an inlet hopper for introducing the wet material into the apparatus. The hopper feeds the wet material into an injector auger that physically directs the wet material into a high velocity air stream produced by a blower thereby directing the flow of the wet material through the apparatus. The wet material moves from the injector auger into a cyclone that separates the wet material through specific gravity and desiccation into a substantially liquid and a substantially solid portion. The substantially liquid portion is discharged through a first outlet in the cyclone to a wet scrubber, while the substantially solid portion of the wet material is discharged through a second outlet. The apparatus can be mounted to a trailer for mobile transportation, and can include two cyclones operating in series.

Abstract: The present invention is a process to recover a high purity, high pressure hydrogen gas stream from synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is contacted with a membrane that separates the synthesis gas into a hydrogen-enriched permeate and a hydrogen-depleted non-permeate. The permeate is conveyed to a carbon dioxide absorber. The carbon dioxide absorber removes carbon dioxide using a solvent. The carbon dioxide-rich solvent from the absorber is heated and sent to a gas-liquid contactor, where the solvent is regenerated by nitrogen stripping. A small recycle stream of a regenerating gas, i.e., hydrogen, is subsequently contacted with the solvent, stripping entrained and dissolved nitrogen from the solvent. This stripping gas, the regenerating gas, or preferably both, are then mixed with the non-permeate for combustion in a combustion turbine.

Abstract: A process is provided for removing CO2 and/or H2S from a gas mixture containing as impurities CO2 and/or H2S and at least one other impurity selected from the group consisting of a cyanide and ammonia. The process includes contacting at least a portion of the reflux stream from the overhead vapor from a stripping column of an acid gas removal solvent (i.e., alkanolamine) treatment plant with an anion exchange resin to remove corrosive impurities. The ion-exchanged reflux stream is then recycled to the top of the stripping column or into the bulk circulating acid gas removal solvent (i.e., alkanolamine) passing from the bottom of the stripping column.

Abstract: A process for the reclamation of spent aqueous alkanolamine solutions by contacting a spent aqueous alkanolamine solution with a strong base ion exchange resin for time sufficient to sorb from the aqueous alkanolamine solution at least a portion of the accumulated ions and after a high concentration of ions accumulate on the resin, regenerating the strong base ion exchange resin by: a) purging the resin with water or nitrogen, b) contacting the strong base ion exchange resin with a sodium chloride solution for a time sufficient to remove the ions, c) purging the resin to remove the sodium chloride solution, d) contacting the resin with an alkali metal hydroxide solution, preferably sodium hydroxide, for a time sufficient to convert the resin to a substantially hydroxide form; and e) purging the resin, wherein the ion sorption capacity of the resin is maintained at a substantially constant value.

Abstract: A process of separating water from ambient air involves a liquid desiccant to first withdraw water from air and treatment of the liquid desiccant to produce water and regenerated desiccant. Water lean air is released to the atmosphere. Heat generated in the process is recycled. The drying capacity, or volume of water produced, of the system for a given energy input is favored over the production of dried air.

Abstract: A low temperature process for the dehydration of aqueous glycol solutions using an induced airflow (3) and low temperature thermal sources (4, 21) to reduce the water concentration in aqueous glycol solutions (22). The invention utilizes the ability for air to evaporate water at low vapor pressures and corresponding low vapor temperatures in a direct contacting device (5). The relative vapor pressures of glycol to water at low temperatures assures the preferential vaporization rate of water over that of glycol thereby providing dehydration and effective regeneration of aqueous glycol solutions.

Abstract: A gas cleaning apparatus is disclosed which comprises a housing having an inlet adjacent a bottom portion thereof and an outlet adjacent a top portion thereof. The housing preferably has at least one radially-extending vane disposed along a longitudinal axis of the housing. A settling tank is fluidly connected at a top portion thereof to the base of the housing, at least one outlet fluidly connected to a waste treatment apparatus, and at least one outlet fluidly connected to the housing between the inlet and the outlet of the housing. The waste treatment apparatus preferably has at least one outlet fluidly connected to the housing between the inlet and the outlet of the housing.

Abstract: One or more contaminants selected from the group consisting of acidic gases, inert particulates, and mixtures thereof are removed from steam by contacting the contaminated steam with a nonaqueous sorbent such as crystalline molecular sieves, silica gels, soda ash, carbonaceous adsorbents, and amine liquid ion exchange resins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the purification of an inert gas by subjecting the inert gas to a sorption treatment, especially gas scrubs. The invention comprises compressing the inert gas to a higher pressure before the sorption treatment, performing the sorption treatment at this higher pressure, and then expanding the purified inert gas. The advantages of the process of the invention can be seen to be essentially that, for example, streams of waste air which contain as impurities volatile solvents such as methyl chloride, isopropyl chloride, or dichloromethane, can be cleaned up with low consumption of energy and scrubbing liquid. Correspondingly, the equipment can have smaller dimensions.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the purification of residual products from flue gas purification plants.Between a wet-desulphurization plant (1) for flue gas and an associated waste water-treatment plant (2) for the purification of the water used in the wet-desulphurization there is inserted a leaching apparatus (3, 7, 4) for the purification of hazardous residual products supplied through a conduit (6) from flue gas purification in dry-and and semidry-desulphurization plants by means of waste water supplied through a conduit (5) from the plant (1).

Abstract: A system is provided for recovering volatile-liquid vapor from an air-volatile liquid vapor mixture. The system includes a reaction vessel having a bed of adsorbent for adsorbing volatile liquid vapor and producing relatively volatile liquid vapor-free air. The system further includes a liquid seal vacuum pump for regenerating the adsorbent, a first conduit for circulating the air-volatile liquid vapor mixture through the system and a second conduit for circulating seal liquid to the vacuum pump. A cyclonic separator separates the seal liquid from the air-volatile liquid vapor mixture produced during bed regeneration. A mechanism is also provided for removing the volatile liquid vapor from the air-volatile liquid vapor mixture separated from the seal liquid. A method of recovering volatile liquid vapor from an air-volatile liquid vapor mixture is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the recovery of low molecular weight C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons, in particular ethylene and ethane from a cracking gas, in particular from a fluid catalytic cracking waste gas. In accordance with the invention the light C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons are scrubbed out of the cracking gas by absorption, using an organic, preferably paraffinic, physically acting scrubbing agent, the scrubbing agent having a molecular weight of between 50 and 75 g/mol, preferably between 60 and 75 g/mol. Particularly suitable as scrubbing agents are pentane, isopentane or mixtures thereof. Prior to the generation of the loaded scrubbing agent, co-extracted methane is advantageously stripped off.

Abstract: An impurity scavenging system which scavenges impurities of off-gases discharged from a clean room of a production line for semiconductors. The impurity scavenging system has a gas introduction line through which gas to be processed (hereinafter referred as GSP) is discharged, a scavenging unit which stores scavenging liquid, a condenser for condensing vaporized liquid from the scavenging unit, a first pump which pumps the GSP of a discharging line connected with the downstream side of the condenser, a liquid source, a cleaning liquid line which connects the discharging line to a drain and a first valve having ports, including a first port connected with the condenser, a second port connected with the first pump, and a third port connected with one end of the cleaning line another end of which is connected to the drain, thereby selectively enabling a connection from the condenser to the first pump and a connection from the condenser to the cleaning line.

Abstract: A process for cooling and cleaning hot gas containing ultrafine particles exhausted from a coal gasification plant, a blast furnace, or the like. The process utilizes a vertical saturation stage to enrich the gas stream with water vapor and thereby saturate the ultrafine particles contained in the gas stream. The resulting mixture of particles, exhaust gas, water vapor, and water is then directed through a packing prewasher and then an annular clearance washer for removal of the particles through the rapid condensation of the water vapor. The water and particles are separated from the gas stream in several stages throughout the process resulting in a final gas exhaust stream with a significantly lower ultrafine particle content.

Abstract: A method for pressurizing a gas using a liquid. The method comprises providing a liquid pump; providing a liquid for introducing to the liquid pump; introducing a gas to the liquid prior to the liquid entering the liquid pump; pumping the liquid and the gas through the liquid pump to provide a compressed mixture of the liquid and gas having an increased pressure; thereafter separating the gas from the liquid while both liquid and gas are under pressure; reducing the pressure of the liquid after the separation; and recirculating the liquid back to the liquid pump.

Abstract: An organic emissions elimination apparatus, and process for same, for substantially eliminating the emission of potentially harmful organic constituents, such as benzene, toluene and xylene ("BTX") into the ambient environment during dehydration of water bearing gas. The apparatus includes a first chamber which incorporates a membrane for use in association with a water absorbing material (such as triethylene glycol) which is operably displaceable and retained within the membrane fibers. Although the water vapors from the gas will permeate the membrane (and become absorbed by the triethylene glycol), the BTX will not be able to permeate the membrane. Accordingly, the BTX and the dehydrated gas will be discharged from the first chamber toward a point of use by conventional dehydrated gas using equipment.