Abstract: A dual use fluid filtration tool to separate both solids and gas from a fluid. The fluid filtration tool is suspended from and connected to downhole equipment, such as a downhole submersible pump having a motor, which rotates a shaft. The tool includes a housing having a cylindrical wall with a plurality of perforations therethrough and an interior chamber therein. A removable cylindrical filter surrounds the interior chamber of the housing in order to filter solid particles. At least one centralizer bearing within the interior chamber of the housing centralizes the shaft which passes therethrough. The fluid in the interior chamber is radially induced in order to separate gas from fluid. The gas separated from the fluid is directed out of the chamber while the fluid remaining in the interior chamber is directed to the intake of the downhole pump.

Abstract: A vortex separator for drawing a substantially moisture-free airstream from a waste stream having an annular channel defining a first vortex flow path for separating liquid and solid waste from this waste stream and preferably a filter unit with an inverted conical cavity between nested inverted cones defining a second vortex flow path that is isolated from the first vortex flow path for separating additional liquid and solid waste from the waste stream before it exits the vortex separator. In preferred embodiments, the separator includes a removable filter unit cartridge positioned within the outer cone and a helix isolator to respectively make use of the separator more convenient to use and more efficient.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for gas removal including a vertical cylindrical vessel (1) having an outlet (8) and a tangentially arranged inlet (6). The inlet includes means which bring an incoming fluid (4) into a jet which is sharply delimited in the radial direction and runs close to the vessel's (1) inner surface (5) at such a high initial velocity that an upwards open whirlpool (12) comprising a curved fluid surface (11) is formed. The outlet (8) is arranged tangentially at a level which is below the fluid surface (11). The invention also relates to a method for degassing a process fluid, wherein a deep whirlpool (12) including a curved fluid surface (11) is formed in a cylindrical vessel. At said fluid surface gas is brought to escape by means of centrifugal forces acting within the fluid. The invention further relates to the use of the above arrangement and method, respectively, for deaerating a process fluid in paper- or cellulose making.

Abstract: A liquid-gas separator assembly is used in separating gas bubbles from a liquid coolant which liquid coolant is used in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell power plant. The assembly includes a cylindrical housing containing a central tube which is surrounded by an annular chamber. The annular chamber is defined by the outer surface of the central tube and the inner surface of the cylindrical housing. An inlet line injects a stream of the coolant from the fuel cell stack area of the power plant into the bottom of the central tube in a tangential flow pattern so that the coolant and gas bubble mixture swirls upwardly through the central tube. The swirling flow pattern of the coolant and gas bubble mixture causes the gas bubbles to separate from the liquid coolant so that the gas in the mixture will migrate to the central portion of the swirl tube and the liquid component of the mixture will centrifugally migrate to the inner wall of the swirl tube.

Abstract: A gas-liquid separation apparatus includes an inlet pipe for transferring liquid with gas dissolved therein and a separating pipe for separating the gas from the liquid. The separating pipe has a spiral-shaped guiding member therein. The separating pipe extends from the inlet pipe and is in alignment and communicating with the inlet pipe. An outlet pipe extends from a joint of the inlet pipe and the separating pipe and communicates with the separating pipe, for transferring therein the liquid after the liquid has been degassed by the spiral-shaped guiding member in the separating pipe. A gas storage device communicates with the separating pipe and outside for collecting the gas from the separating pipe and discharging the gas to the outside.

Abstract: A gas-liquid separation apparatus includes a container and a separating pipe located in the container. The container includes an annular wall and two lids covering two ends of the wall. The container has a cavity surrounded by the wall and the two lids. An inlet extends through one lid and an outlet extends through the other lid. The separating pipe is disposed in the cavity of the container and in communication with the inlet and the outlet of the container. A plurality of apertures is defined in a body of the separating pipe and in communication with a space inside the separating pipe and the cavity of the container. The liquid with gas dissolved therein enters into the separating pipe via the inlet of the container. The liquid is degassed by the separating pipe. The de-gassed liquid exits the separating pipe via the outlet of the container.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine gas-oil separator is provided by one or more rotative inertial impactor separators in an interior chamber of the engine and mounted to a rotating engine shaft in such interior chamber.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for reducing the oxygen content of seawater, where the seawater is introduced into the upper part (14) of a downcomer (12), particularly for treatment of ballast water in a ballast tank (4) of a ship (1). A seawater intake pipe (6) runs from the outside of the ship to a ballast pump (8) that is designed to pump the water on through a pump pipe (10) and up to the upper part of the downcomer. The downcomer extends mainly vertically down to the ballast compartment of the ship, where the ballast water can be distributed between several ballast compartments by means of distribution headers and valves. One aim of the invention is to neutralize organisms in the ballast water.

Abstract: Vacuum deaerators and methods of using for deaeration comprise a vessel having side walls and a cover. The vacuum deaerator further comprises at least one vacuum source coupled to the vessel, and an open-ended distributor plate comprising outer edges spaced from the walls of the vessel. Additionally, the vacuum deaerator comprises a drive shaft configured to rotate the distributor plate, and at least one feed port configured to provide a liquid comprising entrained gases to a surface of the distributor plate. The distributor plate is configured to deaerate the liquid by substantially removing entrained gases from the liquid through the application of centrifugal force.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating humidity from a pressurized feed gas is provided the apparatus having a housing; an intake path formed at a first end of the housing; a centrifugal device disposed within the housing; a sieve bed disposed within the housing; an outlet path formed at a second end of the housing; a purge path formed below the intake path; and a water sump zone located within the housing below the centrifugal device. The centrifugal device receives the feed gas from the intake path during a charge phase and directs the feed gas in a centrifugal pattern to cause water vapor in the feed gas to condense into water droplets on the inner wall. The water droplets are discharged from the housing through the purge path with an exhaust gas during a purge phase.

Abstract: A fluid separator device allows for introducing air entrained in a liquid flow to a centrifugal pump in a manner that will not allow the pump to become gas bound. One example device designed according to this invention includes a housing having an inlet and an outlet downstream of the inlet. An air chamber is positioned on an opposite side of the inlet from the outlet. An air flow passage allows air from the air chamber to be introduced near a rotor assembly input of a centrifugal pump such that relatively small air bubbles are introduced to the liquid flow through the rotor assembly in a manner that prevents the air bubbles from recollecting into a larger bubble that would otherwise interfere with the centrifugal pump operation.

Abstract: A pressurised container (10, 20) for containing oil and a gas dissolved therein at a constant overall average pressure at a pressure above atmospheric pressure comprising a means (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d) for introducing a local area of reduced pressure within the oil. Preferably the local area of reduced pressure result in the gas dissolved in the oil evolving from the oil. This enables gas to be evolved from the oil without needing to reduce the pressure of the entire volume of oil which the gas is to be evolved from. The evolved gas and remaining oil occupy a greater volume than did the gas containing oil and consequently the pressure in the vessel will increase. This will allow the gas to be drawn off while the overall pressure of the container (10, 20) is maintained.

Abstract: A method and cyclonic separator are disclosed for degassing a fluid mixture comprising a carrier liquid and gaseous and/or vaporizable components, wherein: the fluid mixture is accelerated in a throat section (6, 21) of a vortex tube (1, 20) such that the static pressure of the fluid mixture is decreased and vaporizable components evaporate into a gaseous phase and the fluid mixture flows as a substantially homogeneously dispersed gas-liquid mixture through the throat section; the accelerated fluid mixture is induced to swirl within a tubular mid section of the vortex tube such that the fluid mixture is separated by centrifugal forces into a degassed liquid fraction and a gas enriched fraction; the degassed liquid fraction is induced to flow into a annular liquid outlet conduit (4, 21); and the gas enriched fraction is induced to flow into a central gas outlet conduit (3, 24).

Abstract: Apparatus (20) for removing gas bubbles from a liquid to be infused to a patient wherein a gas trap (42) is located at the upper end of a vertical column (38, 40, 40a) having a lower inlet (44) and an upper outlet (56). A bracket (39) supports the column above the patient, and a bubble-separator (46, 39a, 47, 66, 63), positioned between the inlet and the outlet, causes gas bubbles to move toward the column axis as they rise so that they are captured in the gas trap (42). Liquid to be de-gasified is supplied from a vertical level above the column outlet and is delivered through the side outlet (56) to the patient below.

Abstract: A compact cyclonic separator is described which can handle mixtures of solids, liquids and gases in one vessel and provide continuous separation. The invention operates by providing tangential flow into a vertical cylindrical tube and utilizing the tangential flow and gravity to separate into a gas stream, a clean liquids stream, and a solid rich slurry mixture. Several embodiments for controlling the flow of the solid rich slurry mixture are described.

Abstract: In subsea multiphase pumping systems, the use of a gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC) as a separator to recirculate liquid from pump discharge to pump suction, especially during high gas inlet conditions from a multiphase petroleum stream. Further contemplated is protection of the pump from momentary high gas inlet conditions due to an incoming slug flow profile from a petroleum stream, via transforming a naturally varying multiphase petroleum stream into separated phases for measured distribution to the pump suction and ensuring a minimum liquid flow.

Abstract: A wellbore fluid production system that is disposable in a wellbore comprising a separator, a pump, a compressor, and a motor. The separator segregates the gas and liquid and delivers the gas to the compressor inlet and the liquid to the pump inlet. The pump pressurizes the liquid for delivery to the surface. The compressor pressurizes the gas for reinjection into the wellbore, injection into another subterranean formation, or for delivery to the surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cyclone separator for separating a mixture containing solid particles, liquid and/or gas into a heavy fraction and a light fraction, the separator comprising: an outer casing (4) defining a flow space (6) through which the mixture is to flow; —flow body (5) arranged in the flow space along which the mixture to be separated can be carried; —at least one swirl element (10) arranged between the flow body and the outer casing, the swirl element defining a proximal region (E), an intermediate region (R) and a distal region (P), wherein in the proximal region the swirl element is adapted so as to gradually set the incoming mixture into a rotating movement for the purpose of separating the mixture into the heavy and light fraction and wherein in the distal region the swirl element is adapted so as to gradually reduce the rotating movement of the mixture for the purpose of recovering pressure.

Abstract: A method is provided for degassing a liquid. One step of the method includes providing a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor. The RPB reactor includes a rotatable permeable element disposed within a chamber defining an interior region, at least one liquid inlet for infusing the liquid into the interior region, at least one gas outlet for removing a gas from the interior region, and at least one liquid outlet for removing a liquid from the interior region. The rotatable permeable element within the RPB reactor is caused to spin at a tangential velocity, and the liquid is then infused into the at least one liquid inlet at an inlet flow rate. Next, a vacuum is applied to the interior region of the RPB reactor via the at least one gas outlet to generate a liquid substantially free of the gas.

Abstract: A combined degassing and flotation tank for separation of a water influent containing considerable amounts of oil and gas. A rotational flow is created in the tank which forces the lighter components such as oil and gas droplets towards an inner concentric cylindrical wall where they coalesce and rise to the surface of the liquid and are removed via the outlet. The heavier parts are forced down where the heavy particles sink to the lower part where they can be removed as a sludge. The water is discharged via an outlet in the lower part of the tank. The combined degassing and flotation tank is particular suited for use in oil production at sea for removal of oil and gases from water streams before the water is returned to the sea.

Abstract: An air trap for a blood circuit and method for removing air from blood in a dialysis unit. The air trap may include a blood inlet supply line, a blood outlet supply line, and a container having an approximately spherical internal wall, an inlet at a top end of the container connected to the blood inlet supply line, and an outlet at a bottom end of the container connected to the blood outlet supply line. The inlet may be offset from a vertical axis of the approximately spherical internal wall such that blood entering the container is directed to flow in a spiral-like path. The inlet port may be arranged to introduce blood into the container in a direction that is approximately tangential to the approximately spherical inner wall of the container and/or in a direction that is approximately perpendicular to the vertical axis of the container.

Abstract: A description is given of a gas separation device for a physiological fluid, comprising a containing body (6) having at least a first inlet aperture (7) for a physiological fluid, positioned with a tangential direction of access, at least one outlet aperture (9) for the said fluid, spaced apart from the said inlet aperture, and a guide element (17) housed within the said body. The guide element (17) has a continuous active surface (15) designed to contact and guide the said fluid and delimits, together with the containing body (6), a first annular chamber (20) into which the first inlet aperture (7) opens directly.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for separating components of a fluid containing liquid and gas comprises a housing having at least one elongate channel. Each channel has an inlet end, an outlet end and rounded walls enabling the fluid flowing through the channel to flow substantially free of turbulent flow. Each channel defines a spiral path through the housing and acts to separate the fluid flowing through the channel into a gas-depleted outer portion and a liquid-depleted inner portion. The apparatus includes a liquid outlet port for the gas-depleted outer portion and a gas outlet port for the liquid-depleted inner portion. The housing may include a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the inlet end of the channel. The mixing chamber may include a surface the fluid impacts against. The apparatus may include a chamber at the outlet end of the channel. The chamber may have a gas outlet port closer to the outlet end of the channel than the liquid outlet port.

Abstract: A recycler for a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) that uses methanol as a direct feed fuel includes: a housing in which a gas-liquid mixture recovered from a stack is accommodated; a rotor rotatably mounted in the housing; and a motor to rotate the rotor, wherein, when the rotor is rotated by the motor, a phase separation occurs such that liquid in the gas-liquid mixture is collected mainly in an outer region of the housing and gas is collected in the center region of the housing due to the centrifugal force. Accordingly, as it is unnecessary to align a liquid outlet port of the housing with a gravitational direction, the recycler can be employed in a mobile apparatus whose orientation occasionally changes. Also, the recycler does not use a membrane whose performance is rapidly reduced over time so that effective performance can be maintained for a long operation time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for improving the efficiency of gas removal wherein gas-enriched process liquid (2) is introduced tangentially into a vertical essentially cylindrical vessel (1) and thereafter removed at the bottom of the vessel. By means of centrifugal force gas (2d) is brought to enrich in a part (2a, 2b) of the liquid (2). This part (2a) of liquid (2) having an enriched gas content (2c) is redirected to at least one vertical means (7) arranged centrally in the vessel (1), and separately removed therefrom. The present invention also relates to a de-gassing arrangement in an arrangement including at least one vertical essentially cylindrical vessel (1). Said vessel (1) includes at least one tangentially arranged inlet (4) for gas-enriched liquid and at least one discharge (6) for de-gassed liquid, which discharge is arranged at the lower portion of the vessel (1).

Abstract: An agitator assembly for use in a gas separator includes a central hub and at least one blade affixed to the central hub. The blade includes a leading end, a trailing end, a first curved portion adjacent to the leading end and a second curved portion adjacent to the trailing end. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the first and second curved portions are substantially parabolic and have foci on opposite sides of the blade.

Abstract: A gas separator is configured to separate gas from a two-phase fluid. The gas separator includes a rotatable shaft, a plurality of separation stages and an outer housing. Each of the plurality of separation stages includes a rotor connected to the rotatable shaft, a diffuser downstream from the rotor and a crossover downstream from the diffuser. Each crossover is configured to remove gas from its respective separation stage. The outer housing includes a separate group of discharge ports for each separation stage to permit the removal of gas from each separation stage.

Abstract: A centrifugal gas/liquid separator for location in a liquid reservoir comprises a generally cylindrical wall defining a separation chamber having a closed end, an open end, an inlet in the cylindrical wall for supplying a gas/liquid mixture into the separation chamber, and a gas outlet located externally of the separation chamber for discharging gases from the separator. The separator defines at least one liquid flow path for conveying separated liquid from the open end of the separation chamber into a reservoir, and at least one gas flow path for conveying separated gases from a radially inner region of the open end of the separation chamber, externally of the separation chamber, to the gas outlet. The separator is particularly suitable for separating air/oil mixtures in an oil system of a gas turbine engine.

Abstract: A device for separating gas from liquid includes a housing having an inlet for receiving a flow of liquid and gas. The inlet is positioned such that the flow of liquid and gas enters the housing in a direction substantially tangential to a circumference of an inner surface of the housing. The housing also includes a first outlet for discharging an at least partially gaseous flow from an interior of the housing and a second outlet for discharging an at least partially deaerated flow of liquid from the interior of the housing. The device also includes a gas separating element disposed inside the housing downstream from the inlet and upstream from the second outlet. The gas separating element forms at least one opening to permit liquid to pass and form the at least partially deaerated flow of liquid and to permit the at least partially gaseous flow to separate from the at least partially deaerated flow of liquid.

Abstract: A cyclonic flotation system may be used to separate oil, grease, solids and other suspended matter from produced water by a combination of flotation and centrifugation in a separator cyclone. The cyclonic flotation system has a higher capacity-to-footprint ratio compared to conventional apparatus resulting in reduced weight and cost. The system is motion independent and suitable for use on floating structures such as offshore plafforms and vessels.

Abstract: A water stream is treated to remove oxygen before injecting the water into an underground hydrocarbon reservoir. The water-oxygen mixture is separated by centrifugal action using fixed spin blades (20). Oxygen is removed from the center of the conduit through a gas pipe (30) coupled to a vacuum pump (50). Nitrogen may be introduced upstream of the centrifuge to dilute the water-gas solution to improve the efficiency of the gas-liquid separation.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for degassing liquids particularly cationic monomers. Fluid comprising liquid to be degassed together with sweep gas is admitted tangentially into a column (10) and forced down the column by a tubular baffle (16) which defines, with the inner wall of the column, an annulus (18) that is closed at its top (20). After passing to the bottom of the annulus the fluid forms an even film over the inner surface of the column and gas disengaging from the liquid can rise up the column while liquid accumulates at the bottom of the column. To assist the disengagement of the gas from the liquid the column is preferably of increasing cross section towards the bottom so that the thickness of the film is also reduced.

Abstract: The direct contact liquid air contaminant control system and method to revitalize air by removal of carbon dioxide and other trace gas contaminants use a direct contact air, liquid scrubber element and stripper element. The scrubber element has two rotor elements rotatably mounted in a housing first for centrifugal separation of an air flow and liquid absorbent mixture which liquid absorbent has absorbed carbon dioxide and trace gas contaminants. Then second for centrifugal separation of an air flow and acid water wash mixture which acid water wash has liquid absorbent and other contaminants. The processed air is then passed through a charcoal bed filter for further removal of contaminants. A rotary contact processor may also be used to reprocess contaminated liquid absorbent for reuse.

Abstract: A self-regulated water separator provides centrifugal separation of fuel cell product water from oxidant gas. The system uses the flow energy of the fuel cell's two-phase water and oxidant flow stream and a regulated ejector or other reactant circulation pump providing the two-phase fluid flow. The system further uses a means of controlling the water outlet flow rate away from the water separator that uses both the ejector's or reactant pump's supply pressure and a compressibility sensor to provide overall control of separated water flow either back to the separator or away from the separator.

Abstract: A separator and method according to which substances having relatively high densities are separated from a pressurized flow stream.

Abstract: Plant and process for cleaning and degassing a fibrous suspension. The plant includes a plurality of hydrocyclones, in which each hydrocyclone includes an intake connection, an accepts connection, and a rejects connection and at least two supply lines for feeding liquids into the plurality of hydrocyclones. At least two accepts lines, coupled to the accepts connections of the plurality of hydrocyclones, are structured and arranged to combine liquids cleaned of contaminants in the plurality of hydrocyclones, and at least one accepts draining pipe coupled to the at least two accepts lines is structured and arranged to open directly into a further line downstream. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A liquid-gas separator assembly is used in separating gas bubbles from a liquid coolant. The assembly includes a cylindrical housing containing a central tube which is surrounded by an annular chamber. The annular chamber is defined by the outer surface of the central tube and the inner surface of the cylindrical housing. An inlet line injects a stream of the coolant from the fuel cell stack area of the power plant into the bottom of the central tube in a tangential flow pattern so that the coolant and gas bubble mixture swirls upwardly through the central tube. The swirling flow pattern of the coolant and gas bubble mixture causes the gas bubbles to separate from the liquid coolant. The gaseous component of the separated mixture is then expelled from the housing through an outlet in the upper portion of the housing, and the coolant liquid descends through the annular chamber to the bottom of the housing.

Abstract: A system for separating oil and/or oily coated solids from an oily water mixture. The system includes an upright vessel having an inlet for introducing oily water in a horizontal pattern. The vessel also has a water outlet in a lower portion of the vessel and an oil outlet. An eductor is positioned within a lower portion of the vessel and is arranged to disseminates small gas bubbles in a radial, substantially horizontal pattern and substantially uniformly over the full cross-sectional area of the vessel. The bubbles migrate upwardly against the downward flow of oily water within the vessel and attach to oil droplets and/or oily coated solids augmenting the buoyancy thereof, and thereby enhancing oily contaminant separation from water. A two-stage oil skimmer bucket is located in a top portion of the vessel by which separated oil is collected and discharged through the oil outlet.

Abstract: A gas-liquid separator uses a helical passageway to impart a spiral motion to a fluid passing therethrough. The centrifugal force generated by the spiraling motion urges the liquid component of the fluid radially outward which forces the gas component radially inward. The gas component is then separated through a gas-permeable, liquid-impervious membrane and discharged through a central passageway. A filter material captures target substances contained in the fluid.

Abstract: A liquid-gas separator assembly is used in separating gas bubbles from a liquid coolant which liquid coolant is used in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell power plant. The assembly includes a cylindrical housing containing a central tube which is surrounded by an annular chamber. The annular chamber is defined by the outer surface of the central tube and the inner surface of the cylindrical housing. An inlet line injects a stream of the coolant from the fuel cell stack area of the power plant into the bottom of the central tube in a tangential flow pattern so that the coolant and gas bubble mixture swirls upwardly through the central tube. The swirling flow pattern of the coolant and gas bubble mixture causes the gas bubbles to separate from the liquid coolant so that the gas in the mixture will migrate to the central portion of the swirl tube and the liquid component of the mixture will centrifugally migrate to the inner wall of the swirl tube.

Abstract: A blood conditioning device having a housing with a helical blood acceleration section which includes a helical flow path for impressing centrifugal forces on the entrained bubbles in the blood to concentrate them towards the center of the flow path, a bubble pick off tube aligned with the centerline of the acceleration section which collects and recirculates the bubbles to the cardiotomy reservoir upstream of the device during operation, and a blood filtration section to intercept the flow of particles in the blood.

Abstract: A fluid tank fluid is provided which includes a bubble removing device provided therein to remove bubbles from the fluid. The bubble removing device includes a cyclone chamber for generating a swirling current in the fluid flowing therethrough to separate bubbles from the fluid. At least one outflow port is provided through which the fluid from which the bubbles have been separated flows from the cyclone chamber. And an exhaust port is provided through which the bubbles separated from the fluid are driven from the cyclone chamber.

Abstract: Device and process for the removal of air from flotation foam formed during the flotation of a paper-fiber-containing suspension. The device includes a driven rotor that includes a shaft and at least one rotor blade positioned on the shaft, and a non-rotating wall arranged to surround the rotor in a region of the rotor blade by a non-rotating wall. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A method for contacting large volumes of gas and liquid together on a microscopic scale for mass transfer or transport processes wherein the contact between liquid and gas occurs at the interfaces of a multitude of gas bubbles. Multiple porous tubes assembled in a bundle inside a pressure vessel terminate at each end in a tube sheet. A thin film helical liquid flow is introduced into the inside of each porous tube around and along its inside wall. Gas is sparged into the porous media and the liquid film so that an annular two phase flow with a uniform distribution of tiny gas bubbles results. The gas flow is segregated from the liquid flow without first passing through the porous media and through the liquid film. Nozzles at the lower end of the tubes divert liquid flow to a vessel and redirect the gas flow in a countercurrent direction.

Abstract: A method for treating liquid includes directing a pressurized stream of the liquid into a cyclone apparatus having an inlet closed to the atmosphere and a submerged outlet. A liquid vortex is formed along an inner surface of the cyclone apparatus, and a central portion defined by an inner surface of the liquid vortex is substantially evacuated of gases to create a near vacuum condition. Treatment gas may be selectively added to the liquid vortex through the evacuated central portion. Photon energy may be directed through the evacuated central portion and into contact with the treatment gas, or the liquid vortex. Pressure levels within the evacuated central portion are measured using a pressure sensor or gauge. Upon exiting the cyclone apparatus, the liquid is subjected to collision and cavitation forces.

Abstract: A high viscosity liquid is fed into a rotation pack bed at a position with a distance far enough from a rotation axis, creating a centrifugal force exerted on the high viscosity liquid overwhelming a drag thereof, so that it can flow radially through the rotation pack bed. A high pressure gas is introduced into the rotation pack bed peripherally and/or a suction force source is connected to a position near the rotation axis, so that a volatile component contained in the high viscosity fluid is entrained in the gas counter currently flowing through the rotation pack bed and withdrawn from the position near the rotation axis, or the volatile component exits from the position near the rotation axis in gas phase, and thus the volatile component is removed from the high viscosity liquid. A second fluid can also be fed into the rotation pack bed to react with the high viscosity liquid, so that a reaction product is formed, and a volatile side product is removed at the same time.

Abstract: A method for separating phases of a mixture comprising and oil-water together with gas. At least a substantial part of the gas is separated from the emulsion before the emulsion is introduced into a separator tank. The oil-water emulsion from which the gas has been separated is conducted to a liquid-liquid cyclone for further separating the phases of the emulsion. The liquid-liquid cyclone is located inside the separator tank. The emulsion is conducted to the separator tank for separating the oil from the water.

Abstract: Separation and extraction of gas from a liquid, utilizing centrifugal forces. The area of the lateral spacing between an inner circular centrifugal surface and the outer wall of an internal extractor diminishes toward an outlet. The wall of the extractor is pierced by slots whose walls calm the inward flow of gas into the interior of the extractor.

Abstract: A gas-liquid separator uses a helical passageway to impart a spiral motion to a fluid passing therethrough. The centrifugal fore generated by the spiraling motion urges the liquid component of the fluid radially outward which forces the gas component radially inward. The gas component is then filtered through a gas-permeable, liquid-impervious membrane and discharged through a central passageway.

Abstract: A tubular separation unit insertable into a caisson or tube for separating liquid from an upward flowing liquid/gas multi-phase stream, and including a centrifugal flow-induced liquid separator having a multi-phase gas/liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, and a gas stream outlet; a liquid transfer conduit connected to the liquid outlet of the flow separator; and a pump for pumping liquid, disposed below the separator and including a pump liquid inlet connected to the liquid transfer conduit and through which liquid separated in the separator is received, and a pumped liquid outlet through which separated liquid is, in use, caused to flow selectively.