Abstract: There is provided a pellicle wherein the pellicle frame is formed with a protrusion which extends either inward or outward from the pellicle frame so that an air passage (vent hole) can extend in it to turn upward or downward to open in the atmosphere or in the pellicle closed space (the space interior to the pellicle frame) so that it is possible to secure a wider opening area for filtration to enable prompt air ventilation whereby the pellicle membrane does not undergo extreme inflation or deflation and thus the pellicle membrane is protected from damages.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing particulates from a multiple-phase fluid stream is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a treatment chamber having a fluid inlet for receiving the multiple-phase fluid stream. The apparatus also comprises a recovery chamber having a gas channel and a liquid channel in fluid communication with the treatment chamber at a gas and a liquid port, respectively. The gas and liquid channels converge at an intake port of a fluid outlet for discharging particulate-removed gas and liquid.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for collection and removal of particulate matter, including fine particulate matter, from a gas stream, comprising a unique combination of high collection efficiency and ultralow pressure drop across the filter. The apparatus and method utilize simultaneous electrostatic precipitation and membrane filtration of a particular pore size, wherein electrostatic collection and filtration occur on the same surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for recovering moisture present in the atmosphere. The device comprises a collection structure with a water recovery surface which during use at least partly makes an angle with respect to the orientation of gravity. Further, the collection structure is detachably couplable to a reservoir for storing the recovered moisture. In addition, the collection structure is nestable.

Abstract: An apparatus for efficiently collecting reaction by-products in exhaust gases of a semiconductor processing or flat panel display processing device is provided. The collection apparatus includes a heating section connected to a process chamber of the semiconductor processing or flat panel display processing device. The heating section is designed to preheat the reaction by-products to prevent or reduce liquefaction of the reaction by-products. A by-product pile up section then rapidly cools the heated reaction by-products to convert the same into a solid form.

Abstract: A system for recovering and recycling otherwise vented or flared volatile and non-volatile reactive organic materials from pipeline and plant operations associated with oil and gas recovery, refining and petrochemical manufacture, processing and transportation includes a means to remove and store volatile hydrocarbons for a portion of a system or pipeline.

Abstract: A method of using a sulfided iron reagent to remove oxygen from gaseous and liquid fluid streams such as natural gas, light hydrocarbon streams, crude oil, acid gas mixtures, carbon dioxide gas and liquid streams, anaerobic gas, landfill gas, geothermal gases and liquids, and the like is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the reagent is made by mixing, agglomerating and shaping finely powdered ferrous carbonate, preferably siderite which are used to remove oxygen from a hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide stream that also contains sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A method of using a sulfided iron reagent to remove oxygen from gaseous and liquid fluid streams such as natural gas, light hydrocarbon streams, crude oil, acid gas mixtures, carbon dioxide gas and liquid streams, anaerobic gas, landfill gas, geothermal gases and liquids, and the like is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the reagent is made by mixing, agglomerating and shaping finely powdered ferrous carbonate, preferably siderite which are used to remove oxygen from a hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide stream that also contains sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A process for separating carbon dioxide from a fluid containing carbon dioxide, NO2, and at least one of oxygen, argon, and nitrogen comprises the steps of separating at least part of the fluid into a carbon dioxide enriched stream, a carbon dioxide depleted stream comprising CO2 and at least one of oxygen, argon, and nitrogen and a NO2 enriched stream and recycling said NO2 enriched stream upstream of the separation step.

Abstract: An enclosed chamber for illuminating and removing airborne impurities includes at least one air cleaner for removing airborne impurities. The enclosed chamber also includes a means for illuminating the airborne impurities. Airborne impurities can be introduced into the enclosed chamber through an aperture in a chamber housing of the enclosed chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for separating liquids from gases comprising a preseparator that separates an untreated gas region from a preseparator gas region, a main separator comprising a coalescing element for increasing the size of liquid droplets and a post-separator.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a technique of effectively purging a space almost closed with a master and pellicle film with inert gas in an exposure apparatus which uses ultraviolet rays as exposure light, purges the interior of the apparatus with inert gas, and projects the pattern of a master onto a photosensitive substrate via a projection optical system. To achieve this object, a plurality of vent holes are formed in a structure obtained by surrounding by a surrounding member a gas purge space to be purged with inert gas. A vessel which forms a space around the structure is filled with inert gas to cause inert gas to enter the gas purge space, purging the gas purge space with inert gas.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for separating condensable substances from gases or gas mixtures with the use of porous materials including the steps of employing as adsorbents substances or materials suitable for capillary condensation and cyclically performing the method. The method can be used to separate water from air. The porous materials have a pore structure adapted to the environmental or climatic conditions present at the site of utilization of the method. The step of cyclically performing the method can be performing a plurality of times in succession separation by capillary condensation of the condensable substances in the porous materials and desorption of the condensed substances from the porous materials.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of sulfur from a hydrogen sulfide containing gas, comprising oxidizing hydrogen sulfide with oxygen, and then reacting the product gas of this oxidation further by using at least two catalytic stages. The H.sub.2 S concentration in the gas leaving the last catalytic stage is controlled to have a value ranging between 0.8 and 3% by volume by reducing the quantity of combustion or oxidation air passed to the oxidation stage and/or causing a portion of the hydrogen sulfide-containing feedstock gas to bypass the oxidation stage and to be added to the gas flowing to a catalytic stage. The gas leaving the last catalytic stage is introduced into a heat exchanger having a wall temperature below the solidification point of sulfur and above the dew point of water, wherein the sulfur deposits on the heat exchanger wall and is removed with the aid of gravity.

Abstract: A process for purifying an inert gas stream from a transesterification reaction wherein a lower alkyl alcohol is released during the reaction is claimed. A second use of the process is to make a lower alkyl, e.g., methyl, esters of fatty acids through a transesterification reaction using gaseous alcohols as a source of the lower alkyl alcohols. The alcohol is diluted with nitrogen or other inert gas carrier and reacted with a fatty acid ester, preferably a triglyceride, to form the corresponding methyl or lower alkyl fatty acid ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing elemental sulfur which is present in a gas in the form of vapor and/or entrained particles, in which process the gas to be treated is cooled. The gas to be treated is introduced into a heat exchanger at the lower end thereof and with the aid of the temperature and/or the flow velocity of the cooling medium it is ensured that the wall of the heat exchanger has a temperature below the solidification point of sulfur and above the dew point of water, if any, present in the gas. The deposited sulfur is removed under the influence of gravity countercurrent to the gas to be treated.

Abstract: An air cleaning system for treating contaminated air from a mechanical industrial process containing a heterogenous multi-component mixed density fluid (e.g., mist, vapor and/or smoke) that addresses the cloud-like behavior of this contaminated air. The air cleaning system continuously captures a contaminated air volume emitted during operation of the mechanical industrial process and mixes that contaminated air volume with an ambient air volume in order to produce a mixed air volume having certain characteristic temperatures and air velocities. The characteristics of the mixed air volume are controlled such that the mixed air volume does not exhibit cloud-like behavior when transferred via a conduit structure to an air cleaning apparatus or the like.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for cutting off a gas flow through a filter element in a ceramic filter of high-temperature type upon breakage of the filter element, wherein a pulling member which is fixed to the lowermost part of the filter element causes a valve to be closed upon breakage of the filter element, whereby the outlet of the filter element for normally cleaned gases is closed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an interface valve for the purpose of the separation of fluids where the separation process proceeds under control and quasi static and quickly on an extended surface and affords minimal expenditure of energy. By inserting the separating fluid 1c in layers into the fluid 1a, 1b that is to be separated, a separating layer T develops the surface tension of which is causing the separation of the fluids 1a, 1b.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for remediating vaporous pollutants which comprises passing a vaporous stream containing one or more of pollutants through a bioreactor, the bioreactor comprising a plurality of biologically active bodies, the biologically active body comprising a macroporous substrate and one or more of microorganisms capable of remediating one or more of said pollutants, wherein the substrate is fabricated from a decomposition-resistant material. The present invention further provides an apparatus for this process.

Abstract: A collection device (10) for gaseous emissions which comprises a collector body (20) having a hollow interior (33) and an inner wall (22) shaped to conform to a portion of the outer periphery of the open top (14) of a material supply container (12). The inner wall is formed with a number of inlet openings (40, 42) communicating with the collector body interior which are spaced from one another in a direction from one end of the collector body to the other. A deflector member or strake (46) is mounted to the inner wall of the collector body in the areas between adjacent inlet openings therein, and lips are mounted at the top (34) and bottom (35) of the collector body which extends outwardly therefrom substantially perpendicular to the inner wall of the collector body.