Abstract: A chemical trace detection system includes: a drift tube; a detector disposed within the drift tube; a voltage source to produce an electrical field in the drift tube; an ionizer to establish an ionization region adjacent to the electrical field; and a desorber including a sample holder to hold a sample in or adjacent to the ionization region and a sample heater to desorb particles of the sample held in the sample holder such that the desorbed particles are introduced directly into the ionization region from the sample holder to form ionized particles that are forced toward the detector by the electrical field. A regenerable dryer assembly for supplying dry drift gas to an ion mobility spectrometer is also provided that includes a regenerable dessicant material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a charging apparatus and precipitator. The charging apparatus includes a plurality of counter electrodes formed in a plate shape and arranged in a direction intersecting with a ventilation direction to allow respective surfaces thereof to follow the ventilation direction, and a plurality of high voltage electrodes formed in a wire shape and installed between the plurality of counter electrodes. The plurality of counter electrodes includes a first counter electrode having a first electrode area, and a second counter electrode having a second electrode area less than the first electrode area. The first counter electrode and the second counter electrode are alternately arranged.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a partition with a function of dividing a space in a room and removing fine dust with low energy without requiring a separate installation space, and more particularly, to a hybrid partition with a function of removing fine dust while dividing a space, the hybrid partition including: a partition frame; outer finishing plates; dust attachment plates; an air introduction part; a dust collecting part; a dust removing part; and an air discharge part.

Abstract: A surface cleaning apparatus comprises a surface cleaning head, a rigid air flow conduit moveably mounted to the surface cleaning head and moveable to a reclined in use position and a hand vacuum cleaner removably mounted to an upstream end of the rigid air flow conduit. The hand vacuum cleaner has a handle and a cyclone having a cyclone axis of rotation which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rigid air flow conduit when the hand vacuum cleaner is mounted to the upstream end of the rigid air flow conduit. When the hand vacuum cleaner is mounted to the upstream end of the rigid air flow conduit, the handle is a driving handle for the surface cleaning apparatus.

Abstract: A device for treating a gas stream, especially an exhaust-gas stream of an internal combustion engine, includes at least one radial chamber radially conducting the gas stream and extending substantially radially from a central region to an outer collecting chamber. First and second, preferably parallel, substantially disk-shaped walls delimit the chamber. Electrodes project from the first wall into the chamber. The first wall is formed of electrically insulating material having the electrodes fastened therein and electrically interconnected by electrical conductors in or on the insulating material. Two or more chambers may be disposed, axially in series, around the central region. Very effective treatment of exhaust gas with an electric field for ionization or generating a plasma can be provided over a relatively short structural length in a flow direction. Electric fields running transversely to the flow direction provide new possibilities for selecting various parameters of the treatment device.

Abstract: A method for separating particles from particle-laden gas. Charged particles are formed by charging particles of a particle-laden gas. A gas jet is provided by guiding the particle-laden gas by a flow guide. Particles from the gas jet are collected to a collecting electrode by an electric field. An effective collecting area of the collecting electrode is positioned such that gas velocity gradient at each point of the effective collecting area is smaller than 10% of the maximum gas velocity in the gas jet divided by the height dimension of the jet.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses for collecting aerosol samples by ionizing an air sample at different degrees. An air flow is generated through a cavity in which at least one corona wire is disposed and electrically charged to form a corona therearound. At least one grounded sample collection plate is provided downstream of the at least one corona wire so that aerosol ions generated within the corona are deposited on the at least one grounded sample collection plate. A plurality of aerosol samples ionized to different degrees can be generated. The at least one corona wire may be perpendicular to the direction of the flow, or may be parallel to the direction of the flow. The apparatus can include a serial connection of a plurality of stages such that each stage is capable of generating at least one aerosol sample, and the air flow passes through the plurality of stages serially.

Abstract: A method and to a device for the electrostatic separation of fine dust particles from gases that flow through a housing (1) containing perforated plates (6) and electrodes (4, 5). An electric field is created between the electrode (4) on the inflow opening side and the electrode or electrodes (5) having positive polarity on the outflow side. The removal of negatively charged fine dust particles (9) is carried out by deposition on the inflow side of the perforated plates (6), and the removal of positively charged fine dust particles (11) is carried out on the outflow side. Fine dust particles without charge (10) are charged after the last perforated plate (6) in an ionisation chamber (8) and deposit on the outflow side of the last perforated plate (6).

Abstract: A vane electrostatic precipitator (VEP) controls the air flow so that the entrained air particles are continuously subjected to a stress in the form of drag as they flow in front and behind vanes electrodes in the precipitator. It is not based on achieving laminar air flow over the collecting plates. Instead, efficient collection is achieved by operating with a narrow air stream and using vane electrodes in various configurations with porous back plates that gradually reduce the flow rate of the entrained air thereby allowing the particles to precipitate and collect on the vanes.

Abstract: Methods using vane electrostatic precipitators collect charged and uncharged particles with vane assemblies that are physically arranged to reduce the air flow rate to at or below 1.0 ft/sec (0.305 m/sec). In preferred embodiments, the main entrained air is divided into smaller proportions by using a plurality of vane assemblies in a vane electrostatic precipitator operating at a specific angle that have discharge electrodes in front of the vanes. This results in both the particles being charged and the flow rate of the air and articles being reduced as they traverse between vanes and over the vane surface. The vane width, operating angle, vane length and vane offset are designed to reduce the air flow rate. As a result, at the ends of the vanes, a high percentage of the air flow is less than 1 ft/s.

Abstract: A method for converting soot particles of an exhaust gas includes providing at least nitrogen dioxide or oxygen in the exhaust gas, ionizing soot particles with an electric field, depositing electrically charged soot particles on inner channel walls of at least one surface precipitator, and bringing at least nitrogen dioxide or oxygen into contact with the deposited soot particles on the inner channel walls of the at least one surface precipitator. A device for carrying out the method includes at least one surface precipitator having a plurality of channels through which the exhaust gas can flow and extending between an inlet region and an outlet region, and at least one deposit inhibitor for electrically charged soot particles provided in at least part of the inlet region, especially allowing the soot particles to be evenly deposited and the surface precipitator to be continuously regenerated.

Abstract: An electrostatic screen battery for emission control (ESBEC) system includes a plurality of screens. The screens are arranged in an alternating manner so that screens at a first electric potential are interposed with screens at a second electric potential. An ionizer is disposed upstream of the screens. An exhaust stream passes by the ionizer and then through the screens, where particulates are deposited onto the screens. In preferred embodiments the screens have hydrophobic surfaces.

Abstract: An air filtration system includes a frame directing an airflow through the air filtration system and a power supply. An ionization array is located in the frame across the airflow and connected to the power supply. The power supply provides a first voltage to the ionization array. A field wire is located in the frame downstream from the ionization array and is energized to a second voltage only by an electrical energy discharge from the ionization array. A method of operating an electrically enhanced air filtration system includes energizing an ionization array, located across an airflow through the air filtration system, to a first voltage via electrical power supplied by a power supply. Electrical energy is discharged from the ionization array into the airflow. A field wire downstream of the ionization array is energized to a second voltage only by the discharge of electrical energy from the ionization array.

Abstract: An electric precipitator to collect contaminants, such as dust, using electrical attraction. The electric precipitator includes high-voltage electrode plates and low-voltage electrode plates alternately stacked to form an electrification region and a collection region in an air flow direction, wherein each of the high-voltage electrode plates includes a discharge electrode to generate discharge between the discharge electrode and an opposite electrode so that contaminants are electrified in the electrification region and a collection electrode disposed over the electrification region and the collection region to collect the electrified contaminants in the collection region.

Abstract: An apparatus for concentrating aerosol particles can include: a sample air inlet; an enriched aerosol outlet; an aerosol lean outlet; a flow path connecting the air inlet and aerosol rich and aerosol lean outlets; and a plurality of alternately energized and grounded electrode pairs along the flow path. The aerosol rich outlet can be in fluid communication with an aerosol particle capture device. The apparatus can include a sheath air inlet providing a flow of aerosol free air over surfaces of the alternately energized and grounded electrode pairs. The apparatus can include an elongate focusing chamber having a cylindrical shape containing the alternately energized and grounded electrode pairs that are configured as circular rings. The apparatus can include one or more structures configured to impart tangential, spiral or helical flow to a stream entering through the sample air inlet.

Abstract: An electrostatic screen battery for emission control (ESBEC) system includes a plurality of screens arranged in an alternating manner, so that screens at a first electric potential are interposed with screens at a second electric potential, with an ionizer disposed upstream of the screens, wherein a particulate-containing exhaust stream passing by the ionizer and then through the screens deposits particulates onto the screens. In preferred embodiments the screens have hydrophobic surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrostatic aerosol concentrator for the concentration of aerosol particles and their collection for subsequent analysis. The concentrator comprises an airflow chamber that includes alternately energized and grounded electrode elements that work in concert to impart radial inward motion to charged aerosol particles and focusing them toward an enriched aerosol outlet. If desired, filtered air inlets may be used to provide a sheath of aerosol-free air along the chamber periphery and prevent deposition of particles onto electrode surfaces. Aerosol particles entering the airflow chamber may carry a positive or negative charge naturally, or a charge may be induced on the particles using a charging section located upstream of the aerosol inlet. Natural or induced charges on the aerosol particles may be used to selectively concentrate subpopulations of aerosol particles from a mixture of particles.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing soot particles in exhaust gas, particularly of an internal combustion engine, includes first and second at least partially electrically conductive structures with an intermediate space therebetween, a high voltage source forming a potential between the first and second structures and at least one at least partially electrically conductive intermediate structure in the intermediate space receiving an intermediate potential. A method for treating the exhaust gas includes conducting exhaust gas from the first to the second structure and applying a high voltage at least temporarily between the first and second structures. At least part of the soot particles in the exhaust gas is ionized or agglomerated and deposited on the second structure. A high voltage between potentials of the first and second structures is applied at least temporarily to the intermediate structure. An electric field is influenced favorably and disruptions from undesirable voltage flashovers are reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the separation of charged aerosols, in which the aerosol is, first of all, separated in a collector electrode, which can be flowed through under the effect of a space charge. For the production of a high electrical potential, electrical charges of the aerosol to be separated are subsequently collected on the collector electrode. Finally, the residual aerosol exiting from the collector electrode is guided through the separation zone at high field intensity. In accordance with the invention, the invention also relates to a device for the implementation of the above-stated process.

Abstract: A small area electrostatic aerosol collector includes a collector housing, an inlet nozzle that extends from the housing and an exit port that provides an exit for air to flow back out of the housing. A pumping arrangement pulls air into the housing through the inlet nozzle. The sampled air is moved through ductwork such that particulates are collected on a substrate and the air is evacuated through the exit port after collection. The collector includes a charging device positioned within the ductwork to create an electric field defining a charging point that the air passes through between the inlet nozzle and the substrate. The substrate is held at a neutral or opposite charge relative to the electric field created by the charging device. Particulates are collected on the sample substrate by containing the aerosol in a small area and by forcing the aerosol to flow near the substrate.

Abstract: A vane electrostatic precipitator (VEP) controls the air flow so that the entrained air particles are continuously subjected to a stress in the form of drag as they flow in front and behind vanes electrodes in the precipitator. It is not based on achieving laminar air flow over the collecting plates. Instead, efficient collection is achieved by operating with a narrow air stream and using vane electrodes in various configurations with porous back plates that gradually reduce the flow rate of the entrained air thereby allowing the particles to precipitate and collect on the vanes.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for electrostatic air filtering in automotive vehicles, such as electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The system includes an electrical distribution system and an electrostatic filtering system having discharge electrodes and an accumulation electrode. The distribution system is in high-voltage electrical communication with the filtering system as well as an electric motor and a high-voltage energy storage device in the vehicle. In operation, the distribution system distributes high-voltage electric power to the filtering system. The filtering system receives the high-voltage electric power to generate a high-voltage electrostatic potential between the accumulation electrode and the discharge electrodes to remove particulates from air flowing through a region of the electrostatic filtering system.

Abstract: An electric precipitator prevents dielectric breakdown by ensuring the dielectric distance among a plurality of electrodes. The electric precipitator includes a charging section for charging dust particles in air, and a collecting section for collecting the dust particles charged by the charging section. The collecting section includes a high voltage electrode having a conductive layer coated with a dielectric layer, and a low voltage electrode having at least one protrusion that maintains a gap between the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode. The conductive layer includes at least one cutting part formed in an area corresponding to the protrusion.

Abstract: Device for extracting particles from exhaled breath, comprising a cooling system (16) for creating droplets by condensation of the water vapor contained in the exhaled breath; a droplet recovery unit (7) provided with a side wall (2) having a grid form and converging towards an outlet opening (9), allowing the droplets attracted towards said side wall (2) to flow along the latter towards the outlet opening (9); and a discharge electrode (1) mounted inside the droplet recovery unit (7), said side wall (2) of said droplet recovery unit (7) defining a counter electrode to said discharge electrode (1) in order to attract droplet-collecting particles carried by exhaled breath towards said side wall (2).

Abstract: A flying air purifier includes a flying unit configured to fly within a space at a first elevation. The flying unit is also configured to fly within the space at a second elevation. The flying air purifier also includes an air purifier mounted to the flying unit and configured to remove particles from air within the space at the first elevation and at the second elevation. The air purifier includes an air inlet having a first charge and an air outlet having a second charge, wherein the second charge is opposite of the first charge.

Abstract: An electrostatic aerosol concentrator includes an airflow chamber with alternately energized and grounded electrode elements that work in concert to impart radial inward motion to charged aerosol particles and focusing them toward an enriched aerosol outlet. Aerosol particles entering the airflow chamber may carry a positive or negative charge naturally, or a charge may be induced on the particles using a charging section located upstream of the aerosol inlet. Natural or induced charges on the aerosol particles may be used to selectively concentrate subpopulations of aerosol particles from a mixture of particles. For example, bacterial spores or aerosolized viruses may be selectively enriched without concentrating other aerosol particles.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment device includes at least a first at least partially electrically conductive honeycomb body having a first front side and a first rear side, a second at least partially electrically conductive honeycomb body having a second front side and a second rear side, an intermediate space between the first honeycomb body and the second honeycomb body, a power supply for the formation of an electric potential between the first honeycomb body and the second honeycomb body, and a multiplicity of electrodes fastened to the first honeycomb body, extending beyond the first rear side over a first length into the intermediate space and positioned at a first distance from the second front side of the second honeycomb body. A method for treating motor vehicle exhaust gas containing particles and a motor vehicle are also provided.

Abstract: A method for separating particles from particle-laden gas. Charged particles are formed by charging particles of a particle-laden gas. A gas jet is provided by guiding the particle-laden gas by a flow guide. Particles from the gas jet are collected to a collecting electrode by an electric field. An effective collecting area of the collecting electrode is positioned such that gas velocity gradient at each point of the effective collecting area is smaller than 10% of the maximum gas velocity in the gas jet divided by the height dimension of the jet.

Abstract: An electrostatic coalescer includes an outer wall defining a flow path for receiving a process fluid comprising primarily a gas, a power source, and a plurality of electrode plates coupled to the power source to generate an electrical field across the flow path.

Abstract: A small area electrostatic aerosol collector includes a collector housing, an inlet nozzle that extends from the housing and an exit port that provides an exit for air to flow back out of the housing. A pumping arrangement pulls air into the housing through the inlet nozzle. The sampled air is moved through ductwork such that particulates are collected on a substrate and the air is evacuated through the exit port after collection. The collector includes a charging device positioned within the ductwork to create an electric field defining a charging point that the air passes through between the inlet nozzle and the substrate. The substrate is held at a neutral or opposite charge relative to the electric field created by the charging device. Particulates are collected on the sample substrate by containing the aerosol in a small area and by forcing the aerosol to flow near the substrate.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a system for removing foreign objects from the airstream entering an inlet system of a turbomachine. The system may include an electrostatic system that may be configured to charge conductive, or partially conductive foreign objects that are in the airstream flowing through the system. This system may create an electric field to draw the charged foreign objects, allowing for a collecting section to remove the charged foreign objects from the airstream. An embodiment of the present invention may provide an automatic accumulation system for collecting the foreign objects removed from the airstream. An embodiment of the present invention may provide an automatic cleaning system for cleaning components of the collecting system.

Abstract: A portable high air volume electrostatic collection precipitator for analyzing air is provided which is a relatively small, self-contained device. The device has a collection electrode adapted to carry a variety of collecting media. An air intake is provided such that air to be analyzed flows through an ionization section with a transversely positioned ionization wire to ionize analytes in the air, and then flows over the collection electrode where ionized analytes are collected. Air flow is maintained at but below turbulent flow, Ionizable constituents in the air are ionized, attracted to the collection electrode, and precipitated in the selected medium which can be removed for analysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrostatic filter method and electrostatic filter for separating particles from industrial waste gases, wherein an optimal electric charging or ionization in the ionization zone are performed in a high-voltage zone and its unchanged ducts with one high-voltage supply source to ensure the subsequent particle separation in the separation zone at sufficient field strength which requires minimal energy input.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for collection and removal of particulate matter, including fine particulate matter, from a gas stream, comprising a unique combination of high collection efficiency and ultralow pressure drop across the filter. The apparatus and method utilize simultaneous electrostatic precipitation and membrane filtration of a particular pore size, wherein electrostatic collection and filtration occur on the same surface.

Abstract: A plasma method and apparatus for purifying an offgas containing inorganic and organic pollutants. A plasma torch (26) is formed by interaction of the offgas (6) with an electric field (E) created by a voltage (V) applied between one or more couples of electrodes (16) arranged upstream/along a purification chamber (1); the electric field is such that an electric discharge takes place which ionizes the offgas (6) and causes a redistribution of atoms/molecules, thus creating longer molecules, which form a liquid residue (23), and shorter molecules, which form a purified gas (7). The gas undergoes an expansion that is caused by a diverging portion (21) of the purification chamber and assists preliminary cooling of the of fgas/purified gas (6/7). A tube-bundle exchanger (2) is provided and has a cross section larger than the outlet port (14) of the chamber to allow further expansion/cooling. A scrubber (3) is arranged downstream exchanger (2).

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for selecting particles, such as based on their morphology, is disclosed. In a particular example, the particles are charged and acquire different amounts of charge, or have different charge distributions, based on their morphology. The particles are then sorted based on their flow properties. In a specific example, the particles are sorted using a differential mobility analyzer, which sorts particles, at least in part, based on their electrical mobility. Given a population of particles with similar electrical mobilities, the disclosed process can be used to sort particles based on the net charge carried by the particle, and thus, given the relationship between charge and morphology, separate the particles based on their morphology.

Abstract: A device for reducing the number of particles in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine includes at least two structures through which an exhaust gas can flow, initially through a first structure and then through a second structure during operation. An electrical potential difference can be generated between the structures. In this way, the exhaust gas downstream of the second structure has fewer particles, averaged over time, than the exhaust gas upstream of the first structure. In addition, the particles downstream of the second structure have a larger mean diameter than those upstream of the first structure, so that it is possible to reduce emissions, in particular of fine dust, in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines. A method for reducing the number of particles in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, is also provided.

Abstract: An air conditioning system includes an air flow pathway extending through a housing from an inlet to an outlet. Air conditioning apparatus is disposed in the airflow pathway between the inlet and the outlet conditioning an air stream passing through the air flow pathway from the inlet to the outlet. A modular electrically stimulated air filter apparatus is carried by opposed, parallel frameworks mounted in series in the air flow pathway between the inlet and the air conditioning apparatus filtering entrapping contaminants in the air stream flowing through the housing from the inlet to the outlet. The opposed parallel frameworks are mounted to opposed supports affixed to the housing.

Abstract: An electrostatic screen battery for emission control (ESBEC) system includes a plurality of screens. The screens are arranged in an alternating manner so that screens at a first electric potential are interposed with screens at a second electric potential. An ionizer is disposed upstream of the screens. An exhaust stream passes by the ionizer and then through the screens, where particulates are deposited onto the screens. In preferred embodiments the screens have hydrophobic surfaces.

Abstract: Liquid and/or particle-shaped impurities are precipitated from a stream of gas, for example, from a stream of gas that originates from a crankcase of an internal combustion engine and is directed to the engine's intake side. The stream of gas is passed through a gas discharge section between two electrodes. The stream of gas is passed between an emission electrode which is formed by electrode tips and an opposing electrode at a distance therefrom. A direct voltage which exceeds the breakdown voltage is applied to the electrodes using a direct current high voltage source, and the current which occurs over the gas discharge section between the electrodes is limited. A stable low energy direct current plasma is formed in the space between the two electrodes. The impurities are electrically charged and attracted to the opposing electrode by means of electrical field forces.

Abstract: Clean corona gas ionization by separating contaminant byproducts from corona generated ions includes establishing a non-ionized gas stream having a pressure and flowing in a downstream direction, establishing a plasma region of ions and contaminant byproducts in which the pressure is sufficiently lower than the pressure of the non-ionized gas stream to prevent at least a substantial portion of the byproducts from migrating into the non-ionized gas stream, and applying an electric field to the plasma region sufficient to induce at least a substantial portion of the ions to migrate into the non-ionized gas stream.

Abstract: An air conditioning system includes an air flow pathway extending through a housing from an inlet to an outlet. Air conditioning apparatus is disposed in the airflow pathway between the inlet and the outlet conditioning an air stream passing through the air flow pathway from the inlet to the outlet. A modular electrically stimulated air filter apparatus is carried by opposed, parallel frameworks mounted in series in the air flow pathway between the inlet and the air conditioning apparatus filtering entrapping contaminants in the air stream flowing through the housing from the inlet to the outlet. The opposed parallel frameworks are mounted to opposed supports affixed to the housing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a charging device having a charge section (20) for charging a floating particle in an air to be handled, and an air handling device (an air cleaning device) having the charging device. The charge section (20) is constituted by a first charge section (20a) adopting an impact charging technique and a second charge section (20b) adopting a diffusion charging technique. With this structure, charging and collection of dust can be accomplished only in the casing of the device, and therefore, an increase in size of the device can be avoided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for pumping a gas. The method includes the steps of ionizing the gas, separating the ionized gas into groups of positive and negative ions using positive and negative electric fields and separately pulling the groups of positive and negative ions along a channel using the negative and positive electric fields.

Abstract: The present invention describes directly using particles collected with an electrostatic precipitator for the detection of explosives and other compounds of interest. The method and apparatus of analyzing particles involves directly measuring particles on the collection electrodes or thermally desorbing them into an ion mobility spectrometer and/or other analytical instruments. One aspect of the present invention is a particulate charging method. Another aspect of the present invention provides a means of high charging of the particulates while minimizing their collection in the charging stage. The present invention also provides a means for efficiently collecting the particulates in a second stage for sampling in a compact electrode.

Abstract: An electrically enhanced air filter apparatus for filtering particles from moving air is described. The apparatus includes a filter arranged so particles approach the filter a filter speed and pass through an ionizer at an ionizer speed, and is configured so the filter speed is less than the ionizer speed. The ionizer is arranged to guide the moving air in an ionizer airflow direction and generates an ionizing electric field having ionizer field direction substantially perpendicular to the ionizer airflow direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrically driven oxygen separation assembly and method of applying an electrical potential thereto in which one or more tubular membrane elements are provided having an anode layer, a cathode layer, an electrolyte layer and two current collector layers adjacent to and in contact with the anode layer and the cathode layer and situated on the inside and outside of the at least one tubular membrane element. The potential is applied to one of the two current collector layers at two central spaced locations of the at least one tubular membrane element and to the other of the two current collector layers at least at opposite end locations thereof. As a result the electric current flow through the tubular membrane element is divided into two parts flowing between the two central spaced locations and the opposite end locations.

Abstract: Embodiments of systems and methods for inducing swirl in particles are provided. In one embodiment, a system for inducing swirl in particles may include a supply including a plurality of electrically charged particles, and at least one swirling chamber for creating at least one electrical field therein, which may include an entry path in communication with the supply and an exit path. According to this example embodiment, the plurality of electrically charged particles may flow through the swirling chamber or chambers, causing at least one of the plurality of electrically charged particles to rotate about a radial axis of the swirling chamber as a result of the electrical field.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel gas filter structure, a filtering method and a method of producing the filter structure. The structure according to the invention comprises a planar, porous isolation material layer (12) having two opposing surfaces. According to the invention both surfaces of the isolation material layer (12) comprise a porous conductive layer (14, 16) comprising a porous filtering matrix treated with a conductive material. The conductive material consists of a material different from the support matrix. By means of the conductive layers it is possible to create in the isolation material an electric field that considerably improves the filtering efficiency of the isolation material, especially for small particles.

Abstract: An air scrubber, system, and method of use are provided. The air scrubber includes an electrospray nozzle for creating an ionic fluid electrospray plume; an air sample intake positioned to provide an air sample interacting with the ionic fluid electrospray plume; and a counter electrode positioned to collect the electrospray plume. The selected chemicals in the air sample are captured by ionic fluid electrospray plume and accumulate on the counter electrode.