Abstract: Process gases from microelectronic device fabrication processes are pumped through a filter unit including a plurality of absorbers for absorbing water entrained within the process gases. Residues deposited within the filtering unit are removed by spraying water on the absorbers. Water is prevented from escaping from the filtering unit into other portions of an exhaust gas system or into the environment by providing a curtain of pressurized, inert gas, within the filtering unit.

Abstract: A rooftop grease containment system for absorbing the high viscosity grease carried by the gaseous effluent generated by cooking food and released through a rooftop exhaust vent, comprising 4-8 mm hydrophobic silica particles contained within porous pads, tubes and pillows placed in different positions in proximity to the rooftop exhaust vent is disclosed.

Abstract: Negligible pressure drop absorber has a hollow housing having an entrance opening and an exit opening, and an absorber unit including a plurality of layers of an absorbent material arranged substantially parallel with one another to form a passageway for a gaseous stream, through which the gaseous stream is adapted to travel and by which gaseous liquid and liquid droplets are absorbed from the gaseous stream with a negligible drop in pressure. In particular, in the testing of engine oils with a Noack-type teat device, added collection by absorbing drawn over sample is accomplished, with the ability to evaluate that sample, and without incurring a pressure drop in the system adverse thereto.

Abstract: An installation for the treatment of fluid having a receptacle (1) defining a non-vertical portion of a path for fluid through at least two adjacent masses (A; B; C) of particulate materials, typically different from each other, each mass being in direct contact with its neighbor or neighbors, without the interposition of a separating grid. The installation is particularly useful for the separation or drying of air.

Abstract: An antidiffusion layer is provided between a first fuel adsorption layer communicated with a fuel tank and a second fuel adsorption layer communicated with air. Since adsorbing ability of the antidiffusion layer is lower than that of the first and second fuel adsorption layers, pore diffusion of the fuel vapor from the first fuel adsorption layer to the second fuel adsorption layer is reduced. Since the antidiffusion layer forms a plurality of nonlinear passages, air diffusion of the fuel vapor is reduced. Therefore, the diffusion of the fuel vapor is suppressed with a thin, small and simple antidiffusion layer, and the canister can be simplified and the reduction of the number of parts and the cost thereof can be realized.

Abstract: A receiver-dryer for use in an air conditioning system utilizes desiccant bags that can be mounted within the receiver-dryer body without using mounting plates or baffles. The receiver-dryer includes an output tube having a retaining shoulder located thereon. In one embodiment, a desiccant bag includes a rigid eyelet that cooperates with the retaining shoulder to support the desiccant bag. In an alternate embodiment, the desiccant bag is supported by the retaining shoulder via a support washer.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a canister comprising: a casing having an interior therein and a separator for separating the interior into first and second interior sections, the first interior section containing an absorbent and having a fuel vapor inlet and a fuel vapor outlet, the second interior section containing an absorbent and having an opening which is open to the outside air, the separator having fuel vapor channels therein and being formed by compressing a flexible filtering material to elongate the channels.

Abstract: An installation for the treatment of fluid having a receptacle (1) defining a non-vertical portion of a path for fluid through at least two adjacent masses (A; B; C) of particulate materials, typically different from each other, each mass being in direct contact with its neighbor or neighbors, without the interposition of a separating grid. The installation is particularly useful for the separation or drying of air.

Abstract: An installation for the treatment of fluid having a receptacle (1) defining a non-vertical portion of a path for fluid through at least two adjacent masses (A; B; C) of particulate materials, typically different from each other, each mass being in direct contact with its neighbor or neighbors, without the interposition of a separating grid. The installation is particularly useful for the separation or drying of air.

Abstract: A canister which can control the diffusion of evaporated fuel to surely prevent the evaporated fuel from blowing through into the atmosphere has a main chamber having therein a first adsorbent layer for adsorbing evaporated fuel and including an evaporated fuel lead-in port and a purge port, a subchamber having therein a second adsorbent layer for adsorbing evaporated fuel and including an atmospheric air lead-in port, and an air chamber communicating with the main chamber and the subchamber are provided in a casing of a canister. The air chamber is divided into three parts: a first chamber at the side of the main chamber, a second chamber at the side of the subchamber and a third chamber between the first and second chambers. A nonlinear communication passage is formed inside of the third chamber by dividing the third chamber with a partition wall having its both ends opened to the first chamber and the second chamber respectively.

Abstract: This invention concerns the application of a biological air filter to neutralize noxious gases produced and emanating from swine production facilities. The treatment is accomplished by passing air through modular units; the modular units are inoculated with organisms selected for ability to neutralize noxious gases.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for recovering volatile liquid vapor from an air-volatile liquid vapor mixture. The apparatus includes first and second reaction vessels. Each of these reaction vessel includes a bed of adsorbent having an affinity for the volatile liquid vapor. The apparatus also includes a pump and an absorber for regenerating either bed of adsorbent. Further, the apparatus includes a polisher including a polisher bed of adsorbent having an affinity for the volatile liquid vapor. This polisher bed adsorbs volatile liquid vapor and substantially clean air is exhausted when initially regenerating one of the two beds of adsorbent in the first and second reaction vessels. Still further, the apparatus also includes a cooperating valve and conduit system for interconnecting the other components. Further, the invention relates to a related process for recovering volatile liquid vapor and a method of reducing backpressure in a volatile liquid vapor recovery system or unit.

Abstract: A combination respiratory filter and sampling device has been developed which collects airborne contaminants for respiratory exposure measurements. The devices, which fit existing commercial half-mask respirators, are generally smaller and lighter in weight than existing filters, and have low resistance to airflow, so they can be comfortably worn by people performing their normal work duties. Each device consists of at least a front, a middle and a back section which can be independently separated and analyzed by traditional laboratory techniques. The filtering and sampling media thicknesses and types can be adapted to target specific compounds.

Abstract: An arrangement for conducting air filtration by biofilter operation is provided. The arrangement generally includes at least one bioreactor bed, through which air to be purified is passed. Preferably the arrangement is configured so that air flow through each tank is from the top downwardly. In general, the biofiltration operation is conducted under pressures of less than ambient, to advantage.

Abstract: A device for separating at least one component from a gas mixture, comprising at least a pair of adsorber units, each adsorber unit comprising an envelope defining an inner volume having a lower end zone and an upper end zone. There is at least one adsorbent layer between the lower and upper end zones. A first conduit has one end communicating with the lower end zone, and a second conduit has one end communicating with the upper end zone. The adsorber units of the pairs are superposed and one of the first and second conduits of each adsorber includes a vertical central tube portion. The vertical central tube portions of the pair of adsorber units are mechanically interconnected in endwise abutting relationship. The adsorber units are superposed such that the envelopes of adjacent units leave an intermediate space therebetween. The first and second conduits each have an outer portion extending out of the envelope in the intermediate space.

Abstract: A seal-free and frame-free odor and/or pollutant filter, e.g., in air conditioners and motor vehicles, having a self-supporting and elastic adsorption filter bed installed under slight compression in air supply ducts. The filter bed is made of a highly air-permeable substrate material and an adsorbent affixed thereto by an adhesive mass.

Abstract: Contaminated air, e.g., air contaminated by exhaust gases from automobiles and factories, is purified by passing the contaminated air through a soil layer populated with microorganisms. The contaminated air is humidified before the contaminated air is passed through the soil layer or while the contaminated air is being passed through the soil layer. The soil layer may be warmed, or ozone may be supplied to the contaminated air to oxidize nitrogen monoxide in the contaminated air into nitrogen dioxide before the contaminated air is passed through the soil layer.

Abstract: A biofilter for the removal of contaminants from gas streams disclosed. The biofilter makes use of a series of modular trays, each containing a gas-contacting medium for removing at least one contaminant from the process stream. The trays have a modular design that allows them to be sealingly stacked and to be configured to allow series, parallel or series-parallel flow through the biofilter.

Abstract: A fuel vapor capturing canister includes a casing formed into the shape of a cylinder and accommodating an adsorbent material and a plurality of partition plates each formed of an impermeable material. The adsorbent material accommodated in the casing has one of two faces communicating with the atmosphere and the other face communicating both with a fuel storage system and an intake system of an engine. The partition plates are disposed in the casing so as to divide the adsorbent material into a plurality of layers. The partition plates has respective communicating holes formed so as not to lie one above another. This arrangement of the partition plates lengthens a path of fuel vapor passing through the activated carbon layers. Since the distance of flow of the fuel vapor in contact with the adsorbent material is thus increased, the fuel component adsorbing efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of being used for the separation of solutes dissolved in a gaseous solvent is described. In one aspect, the apparatus includes a bed of sorbent in a container, a device which allows the gaseous solvent to pass through the bed of sorbent in a first direction, a device which allows the pressure of the gas to increase and/or the temperature of the gas to decrease, and a device which allows the gaseous solvent to pass through the bed of sorbent in a second direction. In another aspect, the device is capable of allowing the bed of sorbent to be contaminated by the solute and also be regenerated in situ.

Abstract: A fuel vapor capturing canister includes a casing formed into the shape of a cylinder and accommodating an adsorbent material. A partition member divides the activated carbon into lower and upper layers. The partition member includes a cross rib and upper and lower walls sandwiching the rib. One of four pieces of the cross rib is connected to the inner peripheral wall of the partition member. Two chambers located at both sides of the piece connected to the inner peripheral wall of the partition member communicate with each other through a communicating path defined between the other pieces of the rib and the inner peripheral wall of the partition member. One of the two chambers has in its underside openings communicating with the lower activated carbon layer while the other chamber has in its top openings communicating with the upper activated carbon layer. The fuel vapor flows between the two layers of activated carbon.

Abstract: A vapor extraction apparatus includes a gel sorbent capable of absorbing vapor directly into the liquid state and capable of disgorging the absorbed liquid in a phase-transition. The apparatus includes a housing adapted for movement from a first position, where it is exposed to a vapor-containing gas stream and a first environmental condition, and capable of moving to a second position, where it is exposed to a second environmental condition. A gel sorbent is disposed on at least one surface of the housing. The gel sorbs vapor from the gas stream as liquid when the sorbent is in its first position. The sorbent disgorges the liquid during phase-transition collapse when it is in the second position. A method of extracting vapor from a process gas stream includes contacting a phase transition gel sorbent with vapor under conditions sufficient for the gel sorbent to undergo a phase transition and absorb vapor as liquid inside the gel sorbent.

Abstract: The hot raw gas, which contains slag droplets is conducted downwardly in an entrance chamber of a slag separator through a first bed of packings into a flow-deflecting space, in which the raw gas is upwardly deflected and then flows upwardly in an exit chamber through a second bed of packings to a gas outlet. The effective velocity of flow of the raw gas in the first bed is 1.5 to 10 times its effective velocity of flow in the second bed. Liquid slag is drained from the flow-deflecting space.

Abstract: An activated carbon filter is provided for venting a fuel tank. The activated carbon filter consists of a housing which accommodates activated carbon packets. Via lines, the housing is connected, on the one hand, by way of a first connection with the fuel tank, and on the other hand, by way of a second connection with the intake pipe, particularly that of a combustion engine. A third connection connects the housing with the atmosphere. The housing has a first partition which extends between the connection for the atmosphere and the connection for the tank. At least one other partition is provided which forms at least one other chamber. Each of the chambers is filled with activated carbon.

Abstract: A modular air cleaning system having at least one filter module having a closed plenum box provided with male and female air flow porting structure, one of which porting structure provides an air inlet and the other of which provides an air outlet, each of the porting structures is in substantially cylindrical form and projects outwardly from the box and each has a section of substantially the same diameter lying adjacent the box, a shoulder on each of the sections peripherally circumscribing the same at a short distance outwardly from the box and adapted to engage end portions of a flexible hose for preventing its withdrawal from the sections, the male porting structure having a reduced diameter segment lying outwardly of the adjacent section and adapted to telescope within the female porting structure of another plenum box, and an annular seal within the female porting structure adapted to engage the segment and form a substantially gas-tight seal thereagainst.

Abstract: A fuel-sorbing device excellent in sorbing evaporated fuel includes a sorbent of layered porous silica for capturing evaporated fuel and a container which houses the sorbent and into which the evaporated fuel is introduced. The layered porous silica is composed of a plurality of superposed sheets made of a framework of SiO.sub.2. Adjacent sheets are partly bonded each other to form a three-dimensional framework having a large number of pores. The sorbent can be used in combination with an organic polymer sorbent, so as to sorb evaporated fuel in two stages.

Abstract: A clarifying apparatus for waste and dirty filters of a cartridge type is used in the dry cleaning machine. The filters become dirty after they are used for a long time necessitating replacement. The clarifying apparatus is used to treat the dirty filters. The apparatus is used after a plurality of waste filters are connected in series and they are placed in a pressure tank 5 and sealed. The apparatus has a reheating means 6 installed around the outer circumferential face of the pressure tank, a circulation duct 53 connecting a side 51 of hot air taking-in and another side 52 of an outlet for hot air containing solvent has a cooling means 54 recovering solvent and a heating means 55 placed downstream of the cooling means. Hot air is supplied from a hot air taking-in port 51 of the pressure tank 5 to through the serially-connected core pipes 11 and around respective waste filters 1 in order to evaporate remaining solvent and recover it, and clarify the dirty filters.

Abstract: An ozone decomposing material comprises an ozone decomposing agent and a support material for supporting thereon the ozone decomposing agent by adsorption, and an ozone decomposing apparatus comprises the above ozone decomposing material and an ozone decomposing agent supply means for supplying the ozone decomposing agent to the support material, by which the ozone decomposing agent is adsorbed.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment apparatus, which comprises first and second gas adsorbing columns each having inlet and outlet pipes; and switch-over pipes connecting the first and second gas adsorbing columns being alternatively arranged in parallel to or in series with each other, the switch-over pipes having valves arranged therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to methine dyes and photographic silver halide compositions and film elements comprising methine dyes which contain 9,9a-dihydropyrido-[1,2-a]indolium nuclei, benzo[a]quinolizinium nuclei or 6,7-dihydrobenzo[a]quinolizinium nuclei.

Abstract: Novel methyne dyes comprising two auxochromic groups of the type used in a cyanine or merocyanine dye linked by a carbon atom chain wherein each of the carbon atoms have an unsaturated linkage to at least one adjacent carbon atom in the chain and at least one pair of carbon atoms in the chain being joined by a triple bond or, in an alternate resonance form, the chain including three consecutive carbon to carbon double bonds. The dyes are useful as spectral sensitizing dyes for silver halide emulsions and as intermediates for synthesizing chain-substituted methine dyes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to light-sensitive photographic material with a light-sensitive heavy metal compound, e.g. a silver halide, and a spectral sensitizer. The spectral sensitizer is a compound in which the radicals of a sensitizing dyestuff are covalently bonded to amino, imino, hydroxyl, mercapto, carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid amide groups of a natural hydrophilic colloid, preferably gelatin.The invention also relates to new sensitizing dyes which are dinuclear cyanine dyes or merocyanine dyes which have attached either to a heterocyclic nucleus of the dye or to its methine chain a group which is reactive with a hydrophilic colloid.

Abstract: Novel methyne dyes comprising two auxochromic groups of the type used in a cyanine or merocyanine dye linked by a carbon atom chain wherein each of the carbon atoms have an unsaturated linkage to at least one adjacent carbon atom in the chain and at least one pair of carbon atoms in the chain being joined by a triple bond or, in an alternate resonance form, the chain including three consecutive carbon to carbon double bonds. The dyes are useful as spectral sensitizing dyes for silver halide emulsions and as intermediates for synthesizing chain-substituted methine dyes.

Abstract: Methine dyes comprising first and second nuclei joined by a double bond or a methine linkage. The first nuclei may be eitherA. a pyrido nucleus joined at the 4- or 6-carbon atom thereof to said double bond or methine linkage or,B. a 5,6-dihydropyrido nucleus joined at the 4- or 5-carbon atom to said double bond or methine linkage.The pyrido or dihydropyrido nucleus can have fused to its 1,2-side the atoms required to complete a ring containing 5 or 6 atoms. The second nuclei may be either the same as (a) or (b) or can be of the type typically used in cyanine styryl and merocyanine dyes. Such dyes are useful filter dyes and spectral sensitizers for silver halide compositions. Also described are intermediates useful in the synthesis of said dyes.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion containing, in supersensitizing amounts, at least one sensitizing dye represented by the following general formula (I) ##EQU1## wherein Z.sub.11 represents the atoms necessary to complete a pyridine nucleus or a quinoline nucleus; Z.sub.12 represents the atoms necessary to complete an oxazole nucleus, a benzoxazole nucleus, a naphthoxazole nucleus, an imidazole nucleus, a benzimidazole nucleus or a naphthoimidazole nucleus; and R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 each represents an aliphatic group with at least one of R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 having a carboxy or sulfo group; and at least one sensitizing dye represented by the following general formula (II) ##EQU2## wherein Z.sub.21 and Z.sub.22, which can be the same or different, each represents the atoms necessary to complete a thiazole nucleus, a benzothiazole nucleus, a selenazole nucleus or a benzoselenazole nucleus; and R.sub.21 and R.sub.22 each represents an aliphatic group with at least one of R.sub.21 and R.sub.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion containing, in supersensitizing amounts, at least one sensitizing dye represented by the following General Formula (I): ##EQU1## in which Z.sub.11 represents an atomic group necessary for completing a pyridine or quinoline nucleus; Z.sub.12 represents an atomic group necessary for completing an oxazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, imidazole, benzimidazole or naphthimidazole nucleus; and R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 each represents an aliphatic group and at least one of R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 is an aliphatic group containing a carboxy group or a sulfo group; and at least one sensitizing dye represented by the following General Formula (II): ##EQU2## in which Z.sub.21 represents an atomic group necessary for completing a thiazole, benzothiazole, naphthothiazole, selenazole, benzoselenazole or naphthoselenazole nucleus; Z.sub.22 represents an atomic group necessary for completing an imidazole, benzimidazole or naphthimidazole nucleus; an R.sub.21 and R.sub.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion containing, in combination, supersensitizing amounts of at least one sensitizing dye of the following general formula (I) ##EQU1## WHEREIN Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 each represents an atomic group required to form a quinoline ring; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represents an aliphatic group, with at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being a hydroxyalkyl group, an alkyl group containing a carboxyl group or an alkyl group containing a sulfo group; X.sub.1 is an acid anion; and m is 1 or 2, and when m is 1 the dye forms an intramolecular salt and at least one sensitizing dye of the following general formula (II) ##EQU2## WHEREIN Z.sub.3 represents an atomic group required to form a benzimidazole ring, a benzoxazole ring or a .beta.-naphthoxazole ring; Z.sub.4 represents an atomic group required to form a benzothiazole ring, a benzoselenazole ring, a .beta.-naphthothiazole ring or a .beta.-naphthoselenazole ring; R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: A method for spectrally sensitizing a photographic light-sensitive emulsion, which comprises dissolving a photographic spectrally sensitizing dye having an amidinium ion auxochrome in an organic solvent containing a substantially water-free acid having a pKa not exceeding about 5, and adding this dye-containing acid-organic solvent solution to a light-sensitive emulsion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new class of pyrrolobenzimidazole, benzimidazoloisoquinoline and dipyrodinobenzodiimidazole in cyanine sensitizing dyes derived therefrom and their use in silver halide emulsions, and to methods for preparation of such new dyes.