Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for preparing pure carbon dioxide (CO2) from a gaseous CO2 containing product, which apparatus comprises a processing line which comprises at least an inlet for the gaseous product, means for removing water-soluble impurities from the product, compression means for compressing and pressurising the product, cleaning means for removing further impurities from the product, as well as storage means for collecting and storing the purified CO2, which elements are interconnected by means of suitable piping. According to the invention, the compression means comprise at least one screw compressor so as to provide an apparatus for preparing pure carbon dioxide from a gaseous CO2 containing product which has a higher efficiency, which is of simpler, cheaper construction and which is easy to maintain.

Abstract: A portable gas fractionalization apparatus that provides oxygen rich air to patients is provided. The apparatus is compact, lightweight, and low-noise. The components are assembled in a housing that is divided into two compartments. One compartment is maintained at a lower temperature than the other compartment. The lower temperature compartment is configured for mounting components that can be damaged by heat. The higher temperature compartment is configured for mounting heat generating components. An air stream is directed to flow from an ambient air inlet to an air outlet constantly so that there is always a fresh source of cooling air. The apparatus utilizes a PSA unit to produce an oxygen enriched product. The PSA unit incorporates a novel single ended column design in which all flow paths and valves can be co-located on a single integrated manifold. The apparatus also can be used in conjunction with a satellite conserver and a mobility cart.

Abstract: A device comprising at least one absorber, at least one cold separator from which is extracted a gaseous phase that feeds the absorber, at least one recycling to said cold separator of at least a portion of liquid effluent that is obtained from the absorber and which is mixed with the feedstock, at least one heat exchanger for cooling the mixture prior to the recycling, at least one conduit for recovering a light hydrocarbon-enriched liquid fraction obtained from the cold separator and at least one conduit for evacuating gases from the absorber, said device being useable for the treatment of a hydrogen-rich gas or for the recovery of a hydrocarbon-enriched liquid.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing clean air to an environment. Incoming air, which may be contaminated with chemical, nuclear or biological contamination is initially cooled and water is removed from the cooled air by a first cooler, a first water separator, a second cooler and a second water separator. The cooled air is passed through a regenerative pressure swing absorption system which removes the contaminants. The resulting, cleaned, air is expanded by an expander. The expanded, cleaned air is provided to the environment, after being used in the second cooler to clean the incoming air.

Abstract: A gas recycling system which has a carbon dioxide collecting device for collecting gas containing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide source. In the system, at least part of the gas containing sulfur hexafluoride used as an electric insulation medium in a gas-insulated electric device is replaced with the carbon dioxide obtained by the carbon dioxide collecting device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a combination filter for filtering fluids comprising a flow channel particulate filtration media having a first face and a second face and a gas adsorbing filtration media. The flow channel particulate filtration media comprises a plurality of flow channels directed in flow direction and defined by inner surfaces. The flow channels having inlet openings through the first face and outlet openings through the second face of the flow channel particulate filtration media. The inner surfaces of said flow channels at least in part are provided with structures protruding therefrom and forming or extending into the flow channels or an electrical charge or a combination of both. The said gas adsorbing filtration media comprises a pad having a first face and a second face and width and length dimensions orthogonal with respect to each other and each individually to the flow direction and having a thickness dimension in flow direction.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating a gas by adsorption. A gas is compressed and then treated by being circulated in an adsorber. A regenerating fluid is indirectly heated by the gas coming from the compressor. In a second regeneration phase, the regenerating fluid is sent directly to the adsorber, while the treated gas is refrigerated by an auxiliary refrigerator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for simultaneously removing dust and volatile toxic organic compounds. The system comprises a dust collecting unit disposed between an inlet duct and an outlet duct for removing dust, an organic compound removing unit disposed between the inlet duct and the outlet duct for removing volatile toxic organic compounds, and an inlet blower disposed between the dust collecting unit and the organic compound removing unit. The dust collecting unit is made up of a bag filter, which comprises a housing formed in the shape of a box and connected to the inlet duct, a plurality of filtering members, such as cloth or felt, arranged in the housing, and dust collecting layers defined between the housing and the filtering members. The organic compound removing unit comprises an absorbing apparatus for absorbing the volatile toxic organic compounds, and regenerating heaters attached on the outer circumference of the absorbing apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the extraction of water from a gas stream, such as atmospheric air. The method includes contacting the gas stream with a porous adsorbent material having a surface modifying agent adsorbed on the surface of a porous support. The surface modifying agent creates a hydrophilic surface for the adsorption of the water. After the water is adsorbed into the pores, the surface modifying agent is selectively desorbed from the surface. The water then evaporates from the pore and can be collected in a condenser. The method and apparatus of the present invention advantageously operate in a substantially isothermal manner, thereby reducing the size and power consumption of the device. The device can advantageously be used to extract potable drinking water from atmospheric air.

Abstract: A device for enriching air with oxygen by pressure swing adsorption in a molecular sieve bed provides for the separation of water from the air to be enriched with oxygen. The water separator is arranged directly upstream of the molecular sieve bed (8). The water separator is designed as a cyclone type water separator (5).

Abstract: The blue smoke control collector system is used for the collection of the blue haze which is actually comprised of tiny oil droplets that hover over hot asphaltic concrete mix. The system is designed to collect and filter the air generated at hot mix asphalt transfer points, asphaltic concrete silo loading areas and truck loading areas and to remove the oil therefrom. Oil captured in the system settles into a plenum and is then drained therefrom for suitable disposal. The filtered air can be released in to the atmosphere. An optional activated charcoal filter stage can be included to reduce odor in the released air.

Abstract: A pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system including a first group of PSA modules having a plurality of first PSA modules, and a second group of PSA modules having a plurality of second PSA modules. The system includes a feed gas manifold, a product manifold, and a waste manifold connected to the first PSA modules and the second PSA modules. Each first PSA module operates on a first PSA cycle in synchronization with the other first PSA modules, and each second PSA module operates on a second PSA cycle in synchronization with the other second PSA modules. The first PSA cycle is offset from the second PSA cycle. The PSA modules include a plurality of pressurized adsorbent chambers, an inlet manifold, and an outlet manifold. A rigid structure is provided that connects the inlet manifold to the outlet manifold, and structurally joins the inlet and outlet manifolds to the adsorbent chambers.

Abstract: A pressure swing adsorption apparatus for producing a gas mixture with a higher concentration of a particular gas such as oxygen from ambient air, in which the noisier components of the apparatus are contained in an internal removable module that is separated by sound insulation from the balance of the apparatus to attenuate structure borne vibration, reduce radiated noise, and to absorb airborne sound.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a method and a device for the separation of fuel-vapor/air mixtures into their components, in particular for purification of vapor mixtures, such as occur in fuel tanks of motor vehicles. A preseparator is arranged between the fuel tank and the filter. In the preseparator, the hydrocarbons are separated from the mixture and are supplied to the fuel tank again. The remaining mixture is supplied to the filter.

Abstract: This invention provides systems and methods of supplying oxygen-enriched air to an enclosed space or compartment. The systems and methods may distill oxygen from ambient air by a molecular sieve pressure cycle mechanism, such as a pressure swing absorption, may generate oxygen from water using electricity or may use oxygen enriched air produced by membrane filtration. The invention helps people improve their wellness, productivity and comfort, improve performance of mental and/or physical tasks, increase their alertness, quality of life and pleasure, reduce their drowsiness, and aid in curing and preventing disease by increasing the percentage of oxygen in the enclosed space to a beneficial and safe level.

Abstract: A device for adsorbing water vapor from a gas stream. The device can be incorporated with an enclosure or garment in such a manner so as to enable water vapor to be adsorbed, thereby decreasing the relative humidity in the micrlimate surrounding the user. The water adsorption device is light-weight, has a high mass and volumetric energy capacity. A desiccant material is included within the water adsorption device to adsorb water vapor and a phase-change material is located in thermal communication with the desiccant to increase the loading capacity of the desiccant and maintain a cool gas stream by extracting the heat of adsorption from the desiccant.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for abating toxic and/or hazardous gas species in a diluent gas stream line deriving from a by-pass line of a semiconductor process tool, comprising contacting the diluent gas stream with a dry resin sorbent material having an affinity for the toxic and/or hazardous gas species to effect the removal of at least a portion of the toxic and/or hazardous gas species by a chemisorbent or physisorbent reaction between the sorbent bed and the toxic gas component effectively reduces the concentration of the toxic gas component in the process diluent stream to below TLV.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for abatement of effluent from multi-component metal oxides deposited by CVD processes using metal source reagent liquid solutions which comprise at least one metal coordination complex including a metal to which is coordinatively bound at least one ligand in a stable complex and a suitable solvent medium for that metal coordination complex e.g., a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process for forming barium strontium titanate (BST) thin films on substrates. The effluent is sorptively treated to remove precursor species and MOCVD process by-products from the effluent. An endpoint detector such as a quartz microbalance detector may be employed to detect incipient breakthrough conditions in the sorptive treatment unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for preparing pure carbon dioxide (CO2) from a gaseous CO2 containing product, which apparatus comprises a processing line which comprises at least an inlet for the gaseous product, means for removing water-soluble impurities from the product, compression means for compressing and pressurising the product, cleaning means for removing further impurities from the product, as well as storage means for collecting and storing the purified CO2, which elements are interconnected by means of suitable piping. According to the invention, the compression means comprise at least one screw compressor so as to provide an apparatus for preparing pure carbon dioxide from a gaseous CO2 containing product which has a higher efficiency, which is of simpler, cheaper construction and which is easy to maintain.

Abstract: A gas scrubbing device for removing odorous gases from streams of natural gas or air. The device can be used either as conventional filter to filter excess odorous gas before the gas is discharged from the system or as a fume hood to capture any odorous vapor that might be released in the air at an odorant injection site.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a modular air supply system for a vehicle, normally a truck or bus. The system comprises a base unit forming an interface to different modules of the air supply system. Such further modules may include an air treatment module, an electronic drier unit and air distribution module.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a window mounted biological and chemical contamination filter system consisting of a window mounted fan system connected to one or more standard biological and chemical gas mask cartridges affixed to the portion of the window unit extending out to the outside of the window where it is installed.

Abstract: A device for exhaust air processing of clean rooms has a least one fresh air supply and at least one exhaust air device connected to a work room. At least one processing device is arranged in the work room. At least one supply line and at least one exhaust air line are connected to the processing device. At least one first filter is arranged in the at least one exhaust air line of the processing device, wherein the at least one exhaust air line is connected at least to one of the supply line of the processing device and the fresh air supply line of the work room.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for abating at least one acid or hydride gas component or by-product thereof, from an effluent stream deriving from a semiconductor manufacturing process, comprising, a first sorbent bed material having a high capacity sorbent affinity for the acid or hydride gas component, a second and discreet sorbent bed material having a high capture rate sorbent affinity for the same gas component, and a flow path joining the process in gas flow communication with the sorbent bed materials such that effluent is flowed through the sorbent beds, to reduce the acid or hydride gas component. The first sorbent bed material preferably comprises basic copper carbonate and the second sorbent bed preferably comprises at least one of, CuO, AgO, CoO, Co3O4, ZnO, MnO2 and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An air guide filter for an internal combustion engine includes an air filter having a pair of support rings coupled to upper and lower portions of the filter. A pleated filter plate is disposed between the support rings, and an air guide is disposed between the support rings parallel with the filter plate. The air guide comprises a plurality holes defined by half-cone cross-section depressions uniformly disposed about its face, such that, when the air guide is placed at a certain elevation angle with respect to the support rings, air flowing into the filter is guided, rotated and mixed with fuel to generate a uniform air-fuel mixture. The uniform mixture improves combustion and engine performance.

Abstract: A concentrating chamber in an oxygen concentrating apparatus is provided, in which a process for adsorbing nitrogen to concentrate oxygen is performed in a single case. The concentrating chamber in an oxygen concentrating apparatus includes: a casing having upper and lower openings; an adsorption unit for performing an oxygen concentration through a compressed air and counter-flowing the stored oxygen to perform a nitrogen rinsing in the casing; a check valve operating according to a predetermined pressure, for supplying the oxygen concentrated in the adsorption unit and rinsing the nitrogen adsorbed in the adsorption unit; and upper and lower manifolds for supplying the concentrated oxygen through the upper and lower ends of the casing, or supplying the compressed air and simultaneously exhausting the rinsed nitrogen, through the upper and lower ends of the casing. The concentrating chamber in an oxygen concentrating apparatus includes at least two casings.

Abstract: A compact and highly portable combination pressure swing adsorption apparatus and product gas conservation device for medical use, to produce efficiently a gas with a high concentration of oxygen and to deliver the oxygen concentrated gas to a user at selectable times and in selectable doses.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of the invention includes a method of removing airborne hydrocarbons from liquid electrophotographic printer exhaust comprises generating airborne hydrocarbon droplets as either vapor or mist during the transportation of electrophotographic ink or toner, directing substantially all of the air and hydrocarbon droplet mixture to a central collection point, forcing the air/droplet mixture to and through an oleophilic, substantially non-leaching collection media, and exhausting substantially hydrocarbon-free air from the electrophotographic printer. The method may further comprise inducing pressure in the printer with air pressure reduction to pull the exhaust through the collection media, for example with a pump or fan used to produce air pressure reduction. The method may comprise inducing airflow in the printer with ventilation holes or by the addition of a fan to provide a fresh air inlet. The air/hydrocarbon mixture may be directed to the collection media by a transportation system.

Abstract: The filter construction includes a first portion that removes or reduces contaminants entering a disk drive enclosure from the external atmosphere and a second portion that removes or reduces contaminants present within the disk drive enclosure. Air exits the first portion in an area of the disk drive enclosure having a low air pressure. The second portion has an adsorbent filter, such as a recirculation filter, which allows air or gas to flow therethrough with little resistance. The filter construction has an exit positioned approximately parallel to the periphery of a disk in the disk drive enclosure, so that air exiting the filter construction is generally perpendicular to the air currents produced by the spinning disk.

Abstract: A fume extraction and filter apparatus includes a housing including a base and a top portion connected to a top side of the base. The base includes an inlet in a side thereof, the inlet leading into the housing and being in flow communication with an outlet in the top portion. A motor is disposed in the housing. A blower assembly is disposed in the housing and drivable by the motor to draw air into the inlet and cause the air to exit through the outlet. A filter is disposed in the housing between the inlet and the outlet and is arranged to filter air drawn in the inlet before the air exits through the outlet.

Abstract: An exhaust gas processing apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a rotor concentrator installed in an inlet, an active carbon adsorption system installed in an outlet, and a switch located between the zeolite rotor concentrator and the active carbon adsorption system for selecting any one (or both) of the two systems to process exhaust gases.

Abstract: The operating system of a gas engine accommodating to sour gas comprises a sour gas compressing and feeding part including a compressor 11 and a gas engine 12, a pre-membrane-treatment 13 for obtaining a compressed gas of proper temperature 13a removed of oil, solid mixture, etc. from the high pressure, high temperature sour gas 11a discharged from the compressor, a preceding step filter 18 for removing a minute amount of oil and water contained in the branched off gas 13b of the compressed gas of proper temperature 13a, a membrane separator for separating the gas from the filter 18 into sweet gas 21 and the hydrogen sulfide gas, and an adsorptive separator 20 through which sweet gas is obtained only at the time of starting of the compressor 11.

Abstract: A method for the separation of a gas mixture comprises (a) obtaining a feed gas mixture comprising nitrogen and at least one hydrocarbon having two to six carbon atoms; (b) introducing the feed gas mixture at a temperature of about 60° F. to about 105° F. into an adsorbent bed containing adsorbent material which selectively adsorbs the hydrocarbon, and withdrawing from the adsorbent bed an effluent gas enriched in nitrogen; (c) discontinuing the flow of the feed gas mixture into the adsorbent bed and depressurizing the adsorbent bed by withdrawing depressurization gas therefrom; (d) purging the adsorbent bed by introducing a purge gas into the bed and withdrawing therefrom an effluent gas comprising the hydrocarbon, wherein the purge gas contains nitrogen at a concentration higher than that of the nitrogen in the feed gas mixture; (e) pressurizing the adsorbent bed by introducing pressurization gas into the bed; and (f) repeating (b) through (e) in a cyclic manner.

Abstract: A fuel vapor treatment system for an automotive vehicle on which an internal combustion engine is mounted. The fuel vapor treatment system includes a canister connected to a fuel tank and containing a fuel vapor adsorbing material which generates endothermic energy during desorption of fuel vapor. A membrane separation module is provided to be connected to the canister and including a separation membrane for separating a mixture gas purged from the canister into an air-rich component and a fuel vapor-rich component. Additionally, a condenser is provided to be connected to the membrane separation module to be supplied with the fuel vapor-rich component from the membrane separation module. The condenser is housed in the canister and adapted to cool and liquefy fuel vapor in the fuel vapor-rich component to obtain liquefied fuel by the endothermic energy generated in the canister, the liquefied fuel being recovered.

Abstract: A gas separation apparatus and process has a first pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit (110) receiving feed gas (112), which comprises a first and a second component. First PSA unit (110) produces first product gas (114) pre-dominantly containing the first component, and first off gas (116) containing at least some of the first component and second component. Compressor (120) is coupled to first PSA unit (110) to compress first off gas (116) to form compressed off gas (126), which is passed downstream to absorber unit (130), which employs a solvent to remove at least part of the second component from compressed off gas (126), forming an enriched compressed off gas (136B). Second PSA unit (140) receives enriched compressed off gas (136B) and produces second product gas (142) which predominantly contains the first component and a second off gas that is sent to waste or reformer burner (150).

Abstract: A flow system includes an air mover operable to cause the flow. A first stage, such as a coarse filter, is disposed upstream of the air mover and operates on the flow. A second stage, such as an adsorbent cell or muffler, is disposed downstream of the air mover and further operates on the flow. Other stages, such as a fine filter, may be disposed between the first and second stages.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for abatement of effluent from a CVD process using a source reagent having a metal organic loosely bound to a organic or organomettalic molecule such that upon exposure to heat such bond is readily cleavable, e.g., copper deposition process involving the formation of films on a substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) utilizing a precursor composition for such film formation. The abatement process in specific embodiments facilitates high efficiency abatement of effluents from copper deposition processes utilizing Cu(hfac)TMVS as a copper source reagent.

Abstract: A rotating drum adsorber process and system includes a rotating drum of adsorbent medium in a shell including partitions which define an adsorption sector, a regeneration sector and a cooling sector, and which continuously rotates through the sectors. The process and system includes an arrangement for sensing the temperature difference between the temperature of the discharge exiting the leading edge of the regeneration sector and the regeneration sector average discharge temperature for automatically controlling various operating conditions of the rotating drum adsorber system. A computerized method for accurately predicting the contamination level of the gas stream exiting the adsorption sector and optimizing the performance and fractionation efficiency of the rotating drum adsorber system is also included.

Abstract: A fume extraction and filter apparatus includes a housing including a base and a top portion connected to a top side of the base. The base includes an inlet in a side thereof, the inlet leading into the housing and being in flow communication with an outlet in the top portion. A motor is disposed in the housing. A blower assembly is disposed in the housing and drivable by the motor to draw air into the inlet and cause the air to exit through the outlet. A filter is disposed in the housing between the inlet and the outlet and is arranged to filter air drawn in the inlet before the air exits through the outlet.

Abstract: A gas production plant has a first separator receiving a feed gas and produces a first offgas stream and a first product stream, and a second separator receives the first offgas stream and produces a second product stream and a second offgas stream. A liquefaction unit receives at least part of the first product stream and at least part of the second offgas stream, and produces a third product stream and a third offgas stream. A first portion of the third offgas stream is combined with the first offgas stream, and a second portion of the third offgas stream is used as a non-waste gas. In a method of removing a first and a second gaseous component from a feed gas, a PSA unit produces a first product stream and a first offgas stream. The first offgas stream is fed into a liquefaction unit that produces a second product stream and a second offgas stream, and at least part of the second offgas stream is recycled into the PSA unit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a procedure for recycling used gasses and to devices that can be use to accomplish this recycling.

Abstract: The present invention involves a vacuum-pressure swing adsorption process for the separation of components of a fluid mixture. The process includes (a) transferring a fluid mixture through an adsorbent bed at an elevated pressure Ph so as to produce a purified product fluid; (b) venting the adsorbent bed down to an ambient fluid pressure Pa; (c) applying a vacuum force to the adsorbent bed to bring the adsorbent bed to a reduced pressure Pl; and (d) venting the adsorbent bed up to an ambient fluid pressure Pa.

Abstract: The invention relates to a portable air sterilization and filtration apparatus for removing contaminants from the ambient atmosphere, having a housing with an inlet opening and an outlet opening, filter media and ultraviolet light source, and a motorized fan for maintaining a flow of air through the housing from the inlet opening to the outlet opening. The invention also includes easy access to the filter medium and to the ultraviolet light sources for periodic replacement or cleaning, and integrates a safety lock feature whereby the removal of the filter or the removal of an ultraviolet light source would open the power circuit to the ultraviolet light source, preventing accidental irradiation of the user. The ultraviolet light sources also activate an indicator light viewable by the user when the ultraviolet light sources are energized.

Abstract: A filtration system, includes a filtration unit and processor. The filtration unit operates to filter ablative particles generated by thermal imaging of media and transmits a signal corresponding to a parameter, such as a pressure or pressure differential, representing a current state of the operation of the filtration unit, such as the state of the filters, during the filtering of the ablative particles. The processor receives the transmitted signals and generates, responsive to the receipt of the transmitted signal, a signal representing operator information associated with the current state operation, such as a warning or instructions for correcting a deficiency, and/or a signal to stop the imaging of the media.

Abstract: A fan filter unit for use in cleanrooms is provided, which decreases efficiently the concentration of chemical substance existing in the atmosphere while the expansion of the air circulating space and the electric power consumption increase of the fan-driving motor are suppressed. The unit comprises an enclosure having an air inlet through which an outside air is introduced into the enclosure and an air outlet through which a cleaned air is emitted or discharged from the enclosure; a chemical filter mounted in the enclosure to remove chemical substance existing in the outside air; a dust filter mounted in the enclosure to remove dust existing in the outside air; a fan mounted in the enclosure to introduce the outside air into the enclosure through the air inlet and to emit the cleaned air to outside of the enclosure; and a bypassing path for returning part of the outside air that has penetrated the chemical filter to an upstream side of the fan without penetrating the dust filter.

Abstract: A chemical filter unit, which comprises a filter medium formed by laminating a plurality of fiber sheets an a housing the filter medium, and has a gas inlet open on one face of the housing and a gas outlet open on the other face substantially in opposite to the gas inlet, characterized in that gas passages to allow the flow of the gas along the surfaces of the fiber sheets are formed between the respectively adjacent fiber sheets of the filter medium from the gas outlet to the gas outlet, and that the adsorption capacity of the filter medium is 300 eq/m3 or more. It is preferable that the fibers constituting the fiber sheets are ion exchange fibers.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the filter cartridge comprises a mesh structure forming a generally annular cylinder comprising a center opening, a plurality of compartments containing a filter medium, and spaces between the compartments. The spaces between the compartments comprise substantially unimpeded airflow passages that permit airflow even when the filter medium is fully loaded.

Abstract: A filter module for use with a room air-purifying system. The filter module includes a housing and a filter. The housing forms an air inlet, a first outlet port and a second outlet port. The outlet ports are configured for fluid connection to commercial ductwork. The filter is maintained by the housing and is configured to retain air-borne contaminants. During use, airflow passes from the filter to the outlet ports. By incorporating at least two outlet ports, the filter module preferably assumes a low-profile configuration, thereby facilitating installation of the filter module at any desired location relative to a room of interest.

Abstract: A gas generating system for generating a supply of oxygen or at least an oxygen rich gas, and a residual gas, the system including a first gas separation device for separating from a supply gas, a first gas being oxygen enriched gas, to leave a residual gas. The first oxygen enriched gas from the first gas separation device is communicated to a second gas separation device for further separating from the first oxygen enriched gas, oxygen gas. The second gas separation device generating a product gas which is at least highly oxygen enriched and a further residual gas, with at least one of the first and second gas separating devices including a ceramic membrane through which in use gas ions diffuse.

Abstract: A life cell for use in a disaster and a filtration system utilized with such a life cell. The life cell includes a contaminant detector, for detecting the presence of a contaminant in a volume of air, and an air filtration system for removing contaminants from the volume of air. The air filtration system of the life cell includes an air inlet, HEPA filter in fluid communication with the air inlet for removing particulate contaminants from the volume of air, and a carbon filter in fluid connection with the HEPA filter for removing chemical and biological contaminants from the volume of air. A blower is placed in fluid communication with the carbon filter and HEPA filter and acts to draw the volume of air from the air inlet, through the HEPA filter and carbon filter, and exhaust the volume of air such that a positive pressure is created. The preferred life cell includes a carbon filter made up of two layers of foam, an activated carbon filter medium, and a Whetlerite carbon filter medium.