Abstract: A method and system for climate control uses a desiccant in an automobile. The desiccant removes humidity or moisture from air passing through the ventilation system. The desiccant is recharged or dried by application of a vacuum. The lower pressure generated by the vacuum reduces the temperature at which water evaporates or boils off of the desiccant material.

Abstract: The present invention is a gas separator for separating a gas mixture into a product gas. The gas separator has an adsorbent bed including a separation chamber with first and second ports and a molecular sieve material contained in the separation chamber. A first pumping chamber is connected to the first port. A first valve regulates a flow of the gas mixture between the first port and the first pumping chamber. A first piston is located in the first pumping chamber. A second pumping chamber is connected to the second port. A second valve regulates a flow of the product gas between the second port and the second pumping chamber. A second piston is located in the second pumping chamber. A drive system coordinates operation of the first and second pistons and the first and second valves in a cycle including a pressurization stage, a gas shift stage, and a depressurization stage.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides and low molecular weight hydrocarbons are removed from air by subjecting the air to a temperature swing adsorption process using as the adsorbent a composite zeolite product containing both zeolite A and zeolite X. The composite zeolite product is preferably prepared by forming a mixture of an agglomerate of silica and sodium zeolite X having a Si/Al atomic ratio in the range of about 0.9 to less than about 1.2 and a water-soluble sodium aluminate salt; maintaining the mixture at a temperature in the range of about 25 to about 100° C. for a period of time sufficient to convert at least 50% of the silica to sodium zeolite A; and at least partially exchanging the zeolite A-containing product with divalent cations, preferably calcium ions.

Abstract: A process and a system for purifying gas, such as air, before cryogenic distillation, in which at least one energy parameter, chosen from the flow rate of the regeneration gas entering and/or leaving at least one adsorber, the duration of the regeneration step and the regeneration temperature of the regeneration gas entering at least one adsorber, is controlled, modified and/or regulated depending on at least one operating condition chosen from the pressure of the gas to be purified entering and/or leaving at least one adsorber, the flow rate of the gas to be purified entering and/or leaving at least one adsorber, the temperature (Ta) of the gas to be purified entering at least one adsorber and the content of impurities contained in the gas to be purified entering at least one adsorber and depending on the thermal profile of the heat front output by at least one adsorber at the end of regeneration.

Abstract: An air dryer for a vehicle air braking system comprises a container having first, second and third compartments, the first compartment having an upstream inlet for connection to a source of air under pressure, a vent for connection to the exterior of the container and a desiccant therein, the second compartment including a chamber having an inlet downstream of the first compartment with a non-return valve therein, a fluid connection to the first compartment having a restrictor therein, and the third compartment including a chamber having an inlet downstream of the second compartment with a non-return valve therein and an outlet for connection to a fluid pressure using device.

Abstract: Provided are a system and method for nitrous oxide purification, wherein the nitrous oxide product for use in semiconductor manufacturing. The system and process involve a first sub-system having a purification tank for holding a liquefied nitrous oxide, therein; a vaporizer in communication with the purification tank to receive, vaporize and convey a nitrous oxide vapor back to the purification tank; a distillation column disposed on a distal end of the purification tank to receive a nitrous oxide vapor; a condenser disposed on the distillation column, wherein light impurities are removed and wherein a nitrous oxide devoid of light impurities is conveyed and converted into vapor in the vaporizer. A second sub-system having a first dry bed vessel is disposed downstream of the vaporizer to receive the vapor and reacting the acid gas therein; a second dry bed vessel downstream of the first dry bed vessel for removing water and ammonia in the vapor.

Abstract: A molecular sieve type gas separation apparatus (10) for separating product gas from a gas supply (14) includes at least one sieve bed (11-13) which during an adsorption charge phase of a cycle, adsorbs non product gas in the gas supply (14), and in a desorption regeneration phase of the cycle desorbs the previously adsorbed non product gas. The apparatus further includes an outlet (18) to which product gas is delivered during the adsorption charge phase, and an outlet (31) for non product gas during the desorption regeneration phase. A sensor (36) responsive to the concentration of a constituent in the product gas, and a control (20) to switch the apparatus (10) between the adsorption charge and desorption regeneration phases are further provided. The control (20) is adapted to adjust the duration of adsorption charge phase relative to the duration of the desorption regeneration phase in each cycle.

Abstract: A VOC removal or destruction system incorporates a regenerator/reactivator having a cylindrical ceramic tube for receiving contaminated adsorbent activated carbon. Electrodes are provided in the ceramic tube in contact with the activated carbon and a programmable logic controller is connected to control the voltage applied to the electrodes and the current flowing through the activated carbon within the tube. The temperature of the material in the tube is controlled by the programmable controller to maintain a temperature within one of two temperature ranges for regenerating the activated carbon and for reactivating the activated carbon. An inert gas is supplied through the tube in contact with the contaminated adsorbent material; the effluent gas including the stripped VOC's is supplied to an oxidizer for destruction. The oxidizer includes a stoichiometric burner providing combustion products for oxidizing the gaseous adsorbate and for providing carrier gas to the regenerator/reactivator.

Abstract: A drying material disposed in the passage of a compressed air system for removing moisture from air or gas includes a plurality of semi-rigid porous substrates impregnated with lithium chloride. The drying material is formed by preparing a saturated solution of lithium chloride and a nonflammable solvent. Porous substrata are contacted with the saturated solution to wet the substrata surface. The wet substrata are heated at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient duration to drive off excess liquid from the substrate. A desiccant comprising lithium chloride impregnated substrata is produced.

Abstract: A gasborne component condensing apparatus condenses condensation-target component contained in treatment-object gas by effecting an adsorbing step for adsorbing the condensation-target component in the object gas to an adsorbent layer and a desorbing step for desorbing the condensation-target component adsorbed to the adsorbent layer at the adsorbing step into desorbing gas by causing the desorbing gas smaller in the amount and higher in the temperature than the object gas to pass the adsorbent layer after the adsorbing step, the apparatus effecting the adsorbing step and the desorbing step for a plurality of cycles, so that the desorbing gas delivered from the adsorbent layer and containing the condensation-target component desorbed during the desorbing step is collected as a condensed gas product.

Abstract: A canister having a liquefied fuel treating function capable of flexibly coping with layout restrictions without the need to bend the purging path in the middle. The canister having the liquefied fuel treating function includes a liquid storing case having an introducing path communicating with a fuel tank, and a purging path communicating with air inlet pipes of an engine; and a sucking path, provided in the liquid storing case, and sucking the liquefied fuel stored in the liquid storing case; which sucks up the liquefied fuel onto the purging path side by use of the flow of a fluid through the purging path; wherein the sucking direction of the liquefied fuel within the sucking path is caused to substantially agree with the flow direction of the fluid in the purging path.

Abstract: A total delivery oxygen concentration system is provided to supply concentrated oxygen to end users having a variety of oxygen capacity requirements. The system includes a first oxygen concentrating device that may be operated either singularly to produce a first flow of concentrated oxygen or in conjunction with a supplemental oxygen concentrating device. When operating in conjunction with the supplemental oxygen concentrating device, the first oxygen concentrating device serves as a source of compressed air for the supplemental oxygen concentrating device and receives a second flow of concentrated oxygen from the supplemental oxygen concentrating device to provide a combined concentrated oxygen flow to the end user.

Abstract: A method of removing individual gas components of a mixture of gases within a controlled environment container uses apparatus which comprises first and second chambers which are arranged in parallel for the gas mixture to flow through them from their inlet ends to their outlet ends. The chambers contain adsorbent material with different affinities for the gas components of the mixture. The method comprises supplying the gas mixture to the first chamber so as to pressurize it while allowing a purge stream to flow from the outlet end of the first chamber to the second chamber to purge adsorbed gas from the adsorbent material in the second chamber. A purge pulse of gas is then supplied from the outlet end of the first chamber to the second chamber to purge adsorbed gas from the adsorbent material in the second chamber, the rate of flow of the purge stream being less than that of the purge pulse.

Abstract: A casing 13 of a canister C includes a main chamber 11 and a sub-chamber 12. Mounting portions 13a are formed between the main chamber 11 and the sub-chamber 12. The canister C is mounted on a mounting plate 35 with bolts 15 which pass through bolt holes 13b in the mounting portions 13a.

Abstract: In order to aim at shortening the time of refueling by maintaining the function of prevention of discharge of vapor, similar to that of a conventional canister in the case of other than refueling during resting of an engine while the flow resistance in the canister becomes smaller during refueling, there is provided a canister in which a plate is vertically arranged in a chamber charged therein with absorbent in the canister, and filter support pins are projected from opposite surfaces of the plate while filters are arranged at the tip end faces of the filter support pins, and in which a plurality of constriction passages are formed being arranged in a horizontal direction only in the upper part of the plate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the amount of unused ammonia (“ammonia slip”) in instances where ammonia is provided to SNCR and/or SCR processes for reducing NOx pollution in flue gas produced by a fossil fuel burning facility. Such a facility incorporates a rotary regenerative heat exchanger (i.e. an air preheater and/or a gas to gas preheater) for absorbing heat from the gas flow on one side of the heat exchanger, and releasing such absorbed heat to heat the gas flow on the other side of the heat exchanger. The invention herein includes absorbent/desorbent media carried by at least some of the elements of the heat exchanger. The media is active to adsorb at least a portion of the ammonia slip before the gas flow is exhausted to the environment, and to desorb essentially an equilibrium portion of such adsorbed ammonia into gas flow.

Abstract: An ozone storage apparatus is disclosed for storing ozone efficiently. A process for efficient water treatment is also disclosed. The ozone storage container has a generally U-shape and is filled with an absorbent. The ozone is supplied and discharged from the same opening. The temperature of the absorbent is kept between 0° C. and −30° C. The generated ozone from an ozone generating means is cooled by a cooling device and is supplied to a storage device.

Abstract: A method and plant to process a fluid comprising one or more compounds G2 having a kinetic diameter less than or equal to that of nitrogen and one or more compounds G1 having a kinetic diameter greater than or equal to that of methane. The method and plant use in combination, several adsorption and desorption stages during which a first stream F1 mainly comprising compounds G1, a second stream F2 enriched in compounds G2, a third stream F3 mainly comprising compounds G2 and a fourth stream F4 mainly comprising compounds G1 are produced. At least a fraction of stream F3 is used to flush adsorption section A1.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating high purity oxygen is described which comprises a linear actuator, a dual acting air cylinder, two molecular sieve beds, and valving. The linear actuator drives the air cylinder back and forth, compressing air on both the forward and return stroke. On each stroke, fresh air is compressed into one of the beds, generating oxygen. Simultaneously, the opposite bed exhausts to ambient pressure and the non-compressing side of the cylinder draws in fresh air. The cylinder then reverses, which compresses air into the opposing bed and allows the first bed to exhaust.

Abstract: The present invention is accomplished by a canister structure for an internal combustion engine that includes a container having a gas passage therein through which gas containing evaporative fuel flows from a first end to a second end, a purge portion disposed on the container and connected to the first end through which vacuum pressure is applied into the gas passage, a charge portion disposed on the container and connected to the first end through which the gas is introduced into the gas passage, a drain portion disposed on the container and connected to the second end through which the gas passage is made open to the atmosphere, and an adsorbent material, disposed in the gas passage, to temporarily adsorb the evaporative fuel, whose specific heat on the side of the second end is made higher relative to that on the side of the first end.

Abstract: A fuel vapor treatment canister for controllably storing and releasing fuel vapor from a fuel tank and the like of an automotive vehicle. The fuel vapor treatment canister comprising a casing having first and second end walls between which an inside space is formed. The first end wall has a first opening in communication with a fuel tank, and a second opening in communication with an air intake passage of an engine. The second end wall has a third opening in communication with the atmosphere. The inside space includes first and second chambers. The first chamber is located closer to the first end wall than the second chamber. A partition wall is disposed to divide the inside space into the first and second chambers. The partition wall structure has an air permeability and a heat insulating ability higher than that of metal. A first fuel vapor adsorbing material is disposed in the first chamber. A second fuel vapor adsorbing material and a heat-accumulative material are disposed in the second chamber.

Abstract: A system for discharging gas emitted from an apparatus or facility having a vacuum pump which sucks the gas emitted from the apparatus or facility while being supplied with a gas other than the sucked gas, the system comprising a unit for recovering at least part of the gas discharged from the vacuum pump, and recirculating the recovered gas to the vacuum pump as the gas other than the sucked gas. Part of the recovered gas may be recirculated to the apparatus or facility emitting the gas. The system reduces or eliminates emission to the atmosphere of global warming gases such as perfluorocompounds discharged from the vacuum pump, and also reduces the energy required for operating the vacuum pump. A method for discharging gas emitted from an apparatus or facility using a vacuum pump, wherein emission of global warming gases to the atmosphere is reduced or eliminated, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A VPSA apparatus includes a first adsorbent bed and a second adsorbent bed, a feed blower for providing a flow of a gas mixture at about atmospheric pressure to the beds, and a vacuum blower for removing a flow of gas therefrom and venting the gas to a space at atmospheric pressure. The VPSA process causes the first adsorbent bed to be poised for evacuation by the vacuum blower and concurrently, the second adsorbent bed is under vacuum conditions and is poised for pressurization by the feed blower. A single motor is coupled by a common shaft to both the feed blower and the vacuum blower and operates both. A conduit/valve arrangement is operative during at least a portion of a process time when the adsorbent beds are in pressurizing/evacuation states, respectively, to couple the feed blower to the second adsorbent bed when at vacuum and for concurrently coupling the vacuum blower to the first adsorbent bed which is to be evacuated.

Abstract: A method and device for drying a gas by means of adsorption on a desiccant able to be regenerated (11), whereby a portion of the dried gas is used for regenerating the desiccant. The gas portion used for the regeneration is heated in at least two successive steps, said steps being performed in different zones (30,31 or 33-36) situated successively in the flow direction of the gas portion through the regenerating desiccant (11) and by stopping the heating in a zone (30,31 or 33-36) as soon as the desiccant (11) in this zone (30,31 or 33-36) is regenerated, so that this zone (30,31 or 33-36) may already cool down by the gas portion for regeneration while a successive zone (30,31 or 33-36) is still regenerated by the heated gas. In each vessel (7, 8) at least two individually controllable heating elements (25-26; 27-28; 38-41) are present.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for recovering a noble gas, which can recover a noble gas exhausted from a noble gas employing system efficiently and also can supply the noble gas of a predetermined purity to the noble gas employing system and which can reduce consumption of the noble gas. In the process and apparatus for recovering a noble gas, when a noble gas contained in an exhaust gas exhausted from a noble gas employing system operated under reduced pressure is recovered, switching between introduction of the exhaust gas to a recovery system and exhaustion of the exhaust gas to an exhaust system is carried out under reduced pressure, and this switching operation is carried out depending on the content of impurity components contained in the exhaust gas or on the running state of the noble gas employing system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating a pressure swing adsorption process is disclosed that may utilize only a single adsorption stage yet still produce a continuous stream of a concentrated fluid. A portion of the enriched fluid produced during the adsorption cycle in an adsorption chamber is used to purge the adsorption chamber.

Abstract: A two-way control valve arrangement for selectively opening a first passageway to either one of a second passageway and a third passageway, wherein a housing structure is provided having a valve body opening with circular sidewall and a base portion intersecting the first, second and third passageways; a valve body secured within the valve body opening, and a piston with a plunger at the end thereof reciprocally disposed within a piston cylinder extending axially through the valve body, the piston being reciprocal to either bias against the valve body to close the piston cylinder therethrough and accordingly the second passageway, or to bias against the base portion of the valve body opening to close the third passageway.

Abstract: A device for continuously fractionating a gas by adsorption, an in-service testing device in a processor-controlled adsorption drier system and a method for testing the operating capability of an adsorption drier system under the control of a processor, including two adsorbent beds connected to one another in a switching system, in which regeneration is performed by a flow of regeneration gas. The device has a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a bypass outlet feeding into a common functional block, which contains a line switching circuit, a first and a second shuttle valve and, optionally, other components. The in-service testing device and the device are so compact due to their respective structures that they can be integrated with one another requiring little space and having low assembly requirements. The testing method is configured to co-operate with the in-service testing device and the device, requiring only a few components for the application thereof.

Abstract: A multi-chamber canister for a pressure swing absorption system within a general housing assembly. The chambers include a first molecular sieve chamber for receiving a first molecular sieve for separating air from the ambient environment into a concentrated gas and at least a second molecular sieve chamber disposed within the housing assembly for receiving a second molecular sieve for separating air from the ambient environment into a concentrated gas component. Furthermore, a supply chamber is disposed within the housing for receiving air from the ambient environment and for communicating air to either first or second molecular sieve chambers.

Abstract: The flow of gas between two vessels, each of which undergoes cyclic changes in gas pressure, is controlled by two check valves installed in parallel between the vessels. The first check valve allows gas to flow from the first vessel to the second vessel when the differential pressure between the vessels exceeds a first value, and the second check valve allows gas to flow from the second vessel to the first vessel when the differential pressure between the vessels exceeds a second value. The gas flow control method is particularly useful in pressure swing adsorption processes.

Abstract: Pressure swing adsorption separation of a feed gas mixture, to obtain a purified product gas of the less strongly adsorbed fraction of the feed gas mixture, is performed in a plurality of preferably an even number of adsorbent beds, with each adsorbent bed communicating at its product end directly to a variable volume expansion chamber, and at its feed end by directional valves to a feed compressor and an exhaust vacuum pump. For high frequency operation of the pressure swing adsorption cycle, a high surface area layered support is used for the adsorbent. The compressor and vacuum pump pistons may be integrated with the cycle, reciprocating at twice the cycle frequency. Alternative configurations of the layered adsorbent beds are disclosed.

Abstract: A vapor recovery and pressure management system for a vehicle refueling facility includes two rotary vane pumps and a hydrocarbon-stripping membrane between the pumps. One pump draws vapor from a storage tank as well as from refueling nozzles, while the other pump draws vapor from the membrane and discharges the vapor back into the tank. A controller controls both pumps to maintain a slight vacuum in the tank, thereby preventing leakage of hydrocarbons from the tank to the atmosphere. Clean air from the membrane is exhausted, preferably through a charcoal canister, and a hydrocarbon sensor monitors for the presence of undesirable hydrocarbons in the clean air exhaust. One or more liquid drop outs are provided for separating liquid from the hydrocarbon vapor and returning the liquid to the tank along with the vapor, preferably before the liquid is sent to the membrane, to thereby increase efficient fuel recovery and to protect the membrane from undesirable contact with liquid.

Abstract: A system for drying a gas, such as air, includes a source of gas to be dried, a multi-stage compressor having an inlet connected to the source, and a dryer connected interstage to the compressor and to the outlet of the compressor. The dryer is connected interstage to the compressor between a compression stage and a heat exchanger of one of the compressor stages for regenerating a first desiccant filled tower. The dryer is also connected to the outlet of the compressor for drying the gas using a second desiccant filled tower. A communication structure can be activated to connect the first tower to the outlet of the compressor for drying the gas using the first tower, and to connect the second tower interstage to the compressor for regeneration of the second tower.

Abstract: The cycle employed is of the transatmospheric type with the use of a production buffer tank (C1), and with a purge/elution phase close to the low pressure in which gas output by another adsorber in the first cocurrent decompression phase is introduced in countercurrent into the adsorber (A, B) and, simultaneously, the countercurrent pumping is continued. During the production step, the oxygen produced is also sent into an auxiliary tank (C2), and the gas contained in this auxiliary tank is, with regard to the adsorber, used solely during a fraction of the pressurization phase of the adsorber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating a pressure swing adsorption process having an adsorption zone is disclosed that may utilize only a single adsorption stage. The purge cycle is automatically commenced by a pressure build up in the enriched fluid vented from an adsorption zone.

Abstract: A PSA process and system utilizes a combination of cyclic feed, evacuation, purge, and repressurization steps to provide a final gas product enriched in one of the feed components. The process is carried out in a simple system which utilizes a single two-way four-port valve for controlling gas flow between an adsorber vessel and a blower, and the blower is used for the introduction of feed gas into the adsorber and the evacuation of gas from the adsorber. The control of gas flow in either direction between the adsorber vessel and a product gas storage tank is accomplished by two check valves installed in parallel between the vessel and the tank.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating a pressure swing adsorption process is disclosed that may utilize only a single adsorption stage yet still produce a continuous stream of a concentrated fluid.

Abstract: A reactor is constructed essentially cylindrically symmetrically about an essentially vertically running axis and has a shell and within the shell at least one annular bulk packing which is filled with free-flowing material and is bounded by an inner and an outer grating and, on its lower side, by a plate supported from the bottom on the shell. With simultaneous avoidance of a bypass in the top area of the reactor, in addition, as little as possible bulk packing through which flow does not pass in adsorption or reaction is to remain as dead space, so that the losses of product components during the pressure decrease can be reduced. This is achieved by providing for widening the bulk packing in the top area of the reactor. In the upper area of the reactor, the outer or outermost grating can be joined to the reactor shell in a gas-permeable manner, while the inner grating or gratings widens conically outwards.

Abstract: The invention comprises a PSA process and apparatus wherein the fixed adsorbent bed comprises an equilibrium zone and a mass transfer zone. Further, the equilibrium and mass transfer zones each comprise at least one adsorbent material, selective for the adsorption of a more selectively adsorbable component, that is selected on the basis of the performance of that adsorbent material under the process conditions applicable to either the equilibrium or mass transfer zones.

Abstract: Process and single-bed pressure swing adsorption system for separating gas mixtures, especially air. The process includes a simultaneous countercurrent product purge and partial product repressurization step which shortens cycle time and improves overall system operation.

Abstract: A dual-chambered, four-ported rotary valve with a rotatable drum having peripheral openings is used to selectively connect vacuum and/or air sources and a vent to absorption chambers in a two-bed VPSA (vacuum presssure swing absorption) system to replace separate valves and produce low cost enriched oxygen, via reduced power, increased reliability, and reduced complexity and cost.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for removing vapor phase contaminants from a gas stream by placing a porous element having a sorbent material into ductwork through which the gas stream passes. In a first mode of operation, vapor phase contaminants are adsorbed by the sorbent. In a second mode of operation, the porous element is cleaned of any accumulated deposits, for example fly ash, while in place without having to stop the gas flow. In a third mode of operation, the sorbent can be regenerated in place and without having to stop the gas flow by heating and collecting the desorbed contaminants. This invention is particularly suited for the removal of vapor phase mercury from flue gas generated by a combustion process.

Abstract: The device comprises an adsorber (1) and three outlet capacities (2-4), first (8, 9) and second (10, 11) structure to establish bidirectional communication between the adsorber and the elution capacity (2) and the repressurization capacity (3), respectively, and third structure (14A, 15; 16) to establish unidirectional communication from the adsorber to the production capacity (4).

Abstract: A process for reducing pollutants, particularly nitrogen oxides from combustion gases during a combustion process that takes place while oxygen is supplied, includes providing oxygen needed for the combustion process by separating oxygen from a gas mixture containing oxygen and nitrogen in a two-step process including (a) enriching the gas mixture with oxygen in a first step to provide an enriched gas mixture; and (b) separating oxygen out of the enriched gas mixture in a second step, wherein, during at least one step oxygen depleted gas mixture is removed via an outlet provided with permeability means that cause the outlet to have a higher permeability for nitrogen than oxygen.

Abstract: Water containing contaminants is removed from a gas or liquid stream and then treated to separate the water from the contaminants. The water is separated using a condenser and a semi-permeable membrane so that it is pure enough to be disposed-of in the local environment by evaporation. The accumulated contaminants may be removed separately for controlled disposal, or reintroduced into the original stream as an alternate method of disposal.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the synthesis of high bulk density high gas absorption capacity adsorbents for gas storage applications. Specifically, this invention is concerned with novel gas absorbents with high gravimetric and volumetric gas adsorption capacities which are made from fullerene-based materials. By pressing fullerene powder into pellet form using a conventional press, then polymerizing it by subjecting the fullerene to high temperature and high inert gas pressure, the resulting fullerene-based materials have high bulk densities and high gas adsorption capacities. By pre-chemical modification or post-polymerization activation processes, the gas adsorption capacities of the fullerene-based adsorbents can be further enhanced. These materials are suitable for low pressure gas storage applications, such as oxygen storage for home oxygen therapy uses or on-board vehicle natural gas storage.

Abstract: A low concentration gas delivery system utilizing a sorbent-based gas storage and delivery unit including a gas storage and dispensing vessel joined in flow communication with a permeation structure. The storage and dispensing vessel contains a solid-phase physical sorbent medium holding a fluid, which is selectively dispensed from the vessel by pressure differential, concentration differential and/or thermal desorption techniques. The dispensed gas flows to the permeation structure, wherein the desorbed fluid is diffusionally released either as a neat fluid, or into a carrier gas in which the desorbed fluid has a precisely maintained concentration, for applications such as calibration of instruments monitoring fluid concentrations, delivery of dopants for fabrication of microelectronic device structures, or other end use application requiring a precise low concentration of fluid.

Abstract: Pressure swing adsorption process and system for separating gas mixtures comprising at least one more strongly adsorbable component and at least one less strongly adsorbable component. The process includes storing gas enriched in one of the components in a first storage tank and a second storage tank. Final product gas is provided from the second storage tank while gas for purge, rinse, and/or repressurization is provided from the first storage tank.

Abstract: A method is described for providing clean air at desired temperature to an environment. Incoming air possibly contaminated with nuclear biological and chemical contaminants is compressed. The compressed air is cooled in a first heat exchanger. The cooled air from the first heat exchanger is compressed in a secondary compressor. Compressed air from the secondary compressor is cooled in a second heat exchanger. Cooled air from the secondary heat exchanger is directed through a regenerative pressure swing absorption system to provide clean output air with the contaminants removed therefrom. This cleaned air is expanded in a turbine coupled to the secondary compressor, whereby to recover energy from the cleaned air to drive the secondary compressor. The expanded cleaned air from the turbine is utilized to condition air in the environment. The regenerative pressure swing absorption system is purged with air derived from the expanded clean air.

Abstract: In an adsorbing body for humidity and odorous gas exchange such as an adsorbing sheet for dehumidification, an adsorbing element for dehumidification or an adsorbing element for total heat energy exchange, a sheet or a honeycomb laminate is impregnated or coated with silica sol containing, as solid content, not more than 30% of the silica sol weight of minute silica particles not larger than 120 Å in diameter which contain many stable silanol radicals on the surface and 0.01-1% of alkali metal ion Na2O. It is then dried to rigidly fix silica gel. Other humidity adsorbing or absorbing agents such as zeolite, organic high-polymer electrolyte, etc. may be mixed in said silica sol. Silica gel with excellent humidity adsorbing ability can be strongly adhered to a sheet or a honeycomb laminate in an extremely simple method.