Abstract: An example of a species collection system includes a plurality of spaced-apart electrically conductive collectors and a plurality of emitter electrodes. In some embodiments, at least one emitter electrode is disposed between adjacent ones of the collectors. In some embodiments, the at least one emitter electrode extends beyond the collectors (e.g., in at least one dimension). Collectors may be aligned to a direction of gas flow from an outlet (e.g., of a cooling tower) to facilitate collection while minimizing interference with the gas flow. Different emitter electrodes may be maintained at different voltages. In some embodiments, collectors are attached to a collector frame and emitter electrodes are attached to emitter frame(s) that are electrically insulated from the collector frame. Collectors may span a gas outlet (e.g., of a cooling tower) and emitter frame(s) may be positioned outside of the collectors (e.g., and outside of a periphery of the gas outlet).

Abstract: A two phase reactor includes a source of liquid reactant and a source of gas reactant. A chamber has an inlet coupled to the source of gas reactant and a flat jet nozzle coupled to the source of the liquid reactant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating hydrogen chloride and phosgene, which comprises bringing a mixture of hydrogen chloride and phosgene into contact with an ionic liquid in which at least part of the hydrogen chloride is dissolved in a step a) and then separating off the hydrogen chloride dissolved in the ionic liquid in a step b).

Abstract: A device in an electrostatic precipitator for suspending, controlling and rapping one or more collecting electrodes arranged essentially vertically in one or more substantially parallel rows includes, for each row, a substantially horizontally oriented carrier element, to which the upper ends of the collecting electrodes are attached, connecting elements which connect the carrier element to the casing of the electrostatic precipitator, a control arrangement for controlling the motion of each row of collecting electrodes in the transverse and/or longitudinal direction of the electrostatic precipitator, and a rapping mechanism for rapping the collecting electrodes of each row. The rapping mechanism includes a rapping device, such as a rapping hammer, and an anvil connected to the carrier element.

Abstract: An anvil arrangement for receiving rapper impacts and transmitting them to a discharge electrode of a precipitator has an electrode tube made of deformable material, having an open end and forming part of the discharge electrode. An anvil having a head and a shank is connected to the head and the shank has a size for insertion into the open end of the tube. The head is larger than the tube for engagement against the open end of the tube. The shank has a recess therein and at least one crimp in the tube near the open end thereof and in the vicinity of the recess of the shank for retaining the anvil to the tube. An alternate embodiment receives the electrode tube therein and engages the tube with an angled groove.

Abstract: A mechanism for rapping the electrodes of an electrostatic precipitator for the purpose of dislodging dust deposited on the electrodes is disclosed. The rapping mechanism incorporates a pair of impact beams (1, 1') between which collecting electrodes are suspended. The impact beams are so arranged that the beams slide on the upward-facing edges of a pair of support carriers (2, 2') secured to the precipitator housing. A drop hammer (7) rotatable about a horizontal shaft raps an anvil (6) secured to the impact beam pair (1, 1'), thereby causing a horizontal vibration of the impact beam pair (1, 1') without imparting any impact energy to the precipitator housing. A pair of springs (12) secured to the precipitator housing, one at each end of the impact beam pair, act against the horizontal movement of the impact beam pair and restore the impact beam pair to its original position.

Abstract: An improved method of screen gravure photoengraving using a half-tone positive in which the gradation is fully represented by the variations of both sizes and depths of ink cells formed in the printing plate and the formation of moire pattern can be prevented without requiring strict registering in exposure steps, and the method comprises the steps of, for example, exposing a photosensitive material such as a carbon resist to a light source through a gravure screen having transparent crosslines, further exposing the photosensitive material to the light source through a half-tone positive, again exposing to the light source by interposing a diffusion sheet between the half-tone positive and the photosensitive material, then transferring thus exposed photosensitive material on a gravure cylinder and carrying out developing and etching.

Abstract: The opaque elements of a half-tone screen for gravure printing using a rotary printing machine are connected with each other by fine connections extending in the direction of cylinder movement.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition in solution for printing screens which comprises:(a) a liquid medium selected from the group consisting of water-miscible organic solvents and solvent mixtures of said organic solvents and water;(b) a polymer soluble in both said organic solvents and water; and(c) a sensitizer soluble in said organic solvents which is selected from the group consisting of photosensitive monomers and prepolymers thereof.This composition makes it possible to produce presensitized printing screens of excellent preservability and printing resistance and to provide a process for efficiently producing pre-sensitized printing screens.

Abstract: A shallow relief printing plate is disclosed having a polymerized layer of less than about 0.020 inch and which includes an array of small protuberances in non-image or background areas to prevent bottoming. Photopolymerizable elements, as well as processing techniques, are also disclosed for making such printing plates.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with light transmitting screens which can be used in printing of half-tone illustrations such as photographs and in color television. The screen is formed on one face with a plurality of projections or depressions which so adjoin one another that the face is free of interstices, light incident on the contoured surface so formed being refracted as it passes through the screen to break up the image being transmitted into a pattern of dots. For use in color television, the projections or depressions are defined as triangular pyramids whose surfaces are subtended from their bases at different angles to be in sympathy with the wavelengths of the different colors being transmitted.

Abstract: A printing plate comprising a support, reliefs formed thereon as an image area, and from about 20 to about 4,000/cm.sup.2 small projections thereon in non-image areas, the height of the reliefs being at least 0.05 mm larger than that of the small projections, and a method for making a printing plate which comprises:(a) superimposing a photosensitive resin layer having a thickness of at least 0.06 mm on a support, which is at least semi-transparent to actinic light, in intimate contact therewith;(b) exposing the resulting assembly to actinic light through an image-bearing transparency from the side of the photosensitive resin layer;(c) exposing the assembly to actinic light through a dot-image-bearing transparency having a transparent halftone dot area in a proportion of 1 to 40% from the side of the support to thereby form reliefs on the support, as image areas, and a number of small projections having a height of at least 0.

Abstract: An intaglio halftone gravure printing plate is made by contact-printing onto a sensitized carbon tissue a contact screen including a grid-like arrangement of minute dark dots each having the shape of a square rounded off at the four corners with the peripheries vignetted and having densities tapering from a maximum value of 3.0 at the center to a minimum value of 0.1 at the periphery, contact-printing a halftone positive onto the carbon tissue, contact-printing a light diffusion sheet and the halftone positive combinedly onto the carbon tissue, and developing the treated carbon tissue on a printing plate for subsequent etching of the cylinder.

Abstract: A method of making a printing plate for intaglio printing having text characters and/or other indicia recessed therein for receiving printing ink which has a plurality of relatively thin barriers separating the text characters into a plurality of ink wells and defining surfaces for supporting a doctor blade during printing, the support surfaces intersecting the edges of each of the text characters at generally right angles and intersecting other supports at generally right angles to improve the quality of the printing of the text characters by minimizing the non-printing areas within the edges of the text characters and effectively retaining the shape of the edges of the characters, and a film or other photographic product for use in making such plates. The doctor blade supports are also designed to compensate for uneven material removal by chemical etching or the like so that the thickness of the supports are more uniform to minimize the non-printed areas within the edges of the characters.

Abstract: A method of producing gravure printing surfaces is disclosed. The method utilizes a separately produced screened negative made on orthochromatic film and a continuous tone negative. Both negatives are superimposed to produce a positive with variable size dots and variable tone densities which are then utilized to expose the carbon tissue resist used to etch the printing surface. Alternatively, the negatives are utilized to produce corresponding positives each of which is used to expose the carbon tissue.

Abstract: A half-tone screen comprises a transparent or opaque sheet having an uneven face with a multitude of projections thereon coated with a paint or varnish of contrasting color. By scraping, the coating material is removed and the projections decapitated to a selected degree to provide desired progressive shading effects.

Abstract: A membrane type dielectric storage target formed from a thin refractory dielectric film is stretched to form at least a one-sided surface, a first surface portion contacting a conductive wire mesh, a second surface portion having areas coated with conductive material imaging the mesh of the first surface portion. The method contemplates forming the conductive image on the second surface portion by photo-resist, decoration, and breakdown techniques.

Abstract: Halftone, multicolor printed effects are achieved by special preparation of art work in the desired pre-selected colors without blending and the use of only white as a diluent of color strength, forming color separated line-engraved press plates therefrom and applying the separate colors by offset printing to the workpiece without overprinting. A novel method and apparatus for producing halftone effect printing using these line-engraved press plates for printing cylindrical objects, and more particularly, cans of the two-piece type.