Abstract: A device for reducing the emission of carbon particles from combustion of hydrocarbons, more particularly in exhaust emission of vehicles, includes a duality of electrically conducting rotating members with opposite polarities, charged with high voltage to create a corona discharge and agglomerate the ionized carbon particles. The carbon particles are cleaned using a plurality of wipers. The agglomerated carbon particles are then separated in a removable collection box or are optionally fed to a cyclone filter to be disposed. Various embodiments may be installed in existing vehicles as well as in open source pollution locations to helps control air pollution.

Abstract: Methods and electrostatic precipitators achieve efficient separation. Scrapers are specifically designed to clean the electrodes in the electrostatic precipitators. Particulates are collected from an entrained air stream by keeping both the discharge and collection electrode surfaces clean during the precipitation process so that the electrical corona discharge remains constant and the electrical field flux lines are maintained. This is accomplished using a plurality of vertical disc electrodes and a plurality of horizontal discharge electrodes preferably combined with the ability to keep the electrodes clean during the exhaust process.

Abstract: An electrofilter for smoke purification having a set of mutually parallel positive electrodes, which form a number of mutually parallel ducts through which the smoke to be purified can pass and by a set of negative electrodes, which are suspended midway between the collection plates, the collection plates are designed as circular plates mounted at a uniform mutual distance on a rotating shaft, and the discharge wires are suspended from a common frame on which a vibrator is mounted which can vibrate and thus clean the discharge wires of collected dust. On the frame of the electrofilter between each collection plate, stationary scrapers are mounted which bear against each collection plate and clean them of dust.

Abstract: A method and device for separating overspray from the cabin exhaust air of coating systems which is laden with overspray, wherein the overspray is taken up by an air flow and conveyed to an electrostatically operating separating device. There, the bulk at least of the solids is separated from the overspray at a separating area of at least one separating surface. A cohesive material web is used as a separating agent, which is disposed at least partly along the separating area of the at least one separating surface and during operation of the separating device is electrically conductive at least in the separating area of the at least one separating surface.

Abstract: A device for collecting particles that have a high electron affinity, particularly explosive particles, from a gas, includes a flow channel (12a) in which at least one electrically positive collector electrode (20a) and at least one ionising electrode (18a) are arranged, between which an electrical field is present so that the particles having high electron affinity can be indirectly charged by corona discharge on the ionising electrode (18a) and can be displaced towards the collector electrode (20a).

Abstract: The present invention provides a cleaning device (1) for cleaning the air-ionizing part (4) of an electrode (3), said device comprising a cleaning member (5) arranged to be in physical contact with the said air-ionizing part of said electrode, the air-ionizing part of electrode and the cleaning member being arranged to slide relative to each other. The cleaning device further comprises an actuator (6, 8, 9) arranged to activate the relative motion between said air-ionizing part (4) of the electrode (3) and the cleaning member (5). There is also provided an ionization electrode comprising an air-ionizing part and the cleaning device, as well as a ultrafine particle sensor, an air ionizer or an electrostatic air cleaner comprising such an electrode.

Abstract: A system for enhancing air quality by collecting airborne particles. The system includes at least one ground plane, at least one corona point, an ionization field strength adjustment mechanism and a cleaning mechanism. The at least one ground plane is operably mounted proximate to where the airborne particles are present. The at least one ground plane includes at least one ground plane surface. The least one corona point operably is mounted to the at least one ground plane for causing an accumulation of particles to be deposited on the at least one ground plane surface. The ionization field strength adjustment mechanism enables a distance between the at least one corona point and the at least one ground plane to be adjusted. The cleaning mechanism is capable of removing the accumulation of particles from the at least one ground plane surface.

Abstract: A device in connection with a circular precipitator (1) for a two-stage electrostatic filter, wherein the precipitator (1) is formed of at least two strip-like electrode elements wound around a centrally arranged bobbin and the electrode elements are arranged at a distance “d” from one another so that gaps are formed between the electrode elements, wherein the device includes elements for rotating the precipitator (1) about its center axis and wherein a vacuum cleaner nozzle (27) is arranged on one side of the precipitator (1), the vacuum cleaner nozzle (27) being situated in the immediate vicinity of the precipitator (1). It is significant for the device that the vacuum cleaner nozzle (27) is provided with at least two elements (35/36) designed to penetrate into the gaps between adjacent electrode elements of the precipitator (1).

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator for removing a particulate material includes a housing having an internally formed air path communicating between an inlet for drawing polluted air containing particulate material and an air outlet for emitting clean air purified by removing the particulate material, an air stream generator that generates an air stream, a discharging mechanism that charges the particulate material, and a collection device provided in the air stream to collect the particulate material which has been charged by the discharging mechanism. The collection device includes a collection belt including a flat wire belt defining a three-dimensional collection surface. The precipitator further includes a brush and vacuum assembly for removing the particulate material and reducing the risk of reentrainment in the air stream.

Abstract: An electro-kinetic or electro-static apparatus for moving fluid includes an enlogated electrode energizable with respect to at least one other electrode to generate ions and thereby motivate fluid flow there between. A cleaning device is positioned to frictionally engage at least two opposing surfaces of the elongated electrode. The cleaning device is movable along a length of the elongated electrode to thereby remove detrimental material from the at least two opposing surfaces of the elongated electrode. The cleaning device can be substantially off-center relative to the elongated electrode to frictionally bind upon the elongated electrode during movement of the cleaning device.

Abstract: An electrostatic filter for the separation of dust particles has collecting electrodes fixed in a housing through which the gas flows and discharge electrodes arranged parallel to them and held stretched between insulators. For the cleaning of the collecting electrodes, a cleaning equipment is fixed to a cable having the discharge electrodes, which can be moved along the surface of the collecting electrodes to be cleaned by using a pulling device having a coiling drum.

Abstract: A device in connection with a circular precipitator (1) for a two-stage electrostatic filter, wherein the precipitator (1) is formed of at least two strip-like electrode elements wound around a centrally arranged bobbin and the electrode elements are arranged at a distance wd? from one another so that gaps are formed between the electrode elements, wherein the device includes elements for rotating the precipitator (1) about its center axis and wherein a vacuum cleaner nozzle (27) is arranged on one side of the precipitator (1), the vacuum cleaner nozzle (27) being situated in the immediate vicinity of the precipitator (1). It is significant for the device that the vacuum cleaner nozzle (27) is provided with at least two elements (35/36) designed to penetrate into the gaps between adjacent electrode elements of the precipitator (1).

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator unit used for the removal of coolant liquid and particles generated by a machine tool includes an electrostatic precipitator cell. The electrostatic precipitator cell includes power and collector ground fins and an ionizer grid positioned below the fins. The lower edges of the power fins are spaced above the collector ground fins to prevent contact of the liquid on the ground fins with the power fins. An electrical contact assembly for supplying electrical current to the ionizer grid and power fins is electrically isolated from all ground contacts by dielectric standoffs which define an insulating air gap. The likelihood of liquid tracking to ground is therefore eliminated.

Abstract: A device for purification of a gas flow containing condensable vapors including a shell (7) defining a sealed volume, a cooler to quench the gas flow, a rotating assembly (42) having a rotor (44) and a cylindrical separation and filtration skirt (54) composed of serrated circular rings (56) mounted on the rotor and rotating with it; a support tube (48) mounted on the rotor (44) and carrying a turbulator-scraper device (50) a cylindrical electrode (94) surrounding the separation and filtration skirt (54) and a central counter-electrode (78) to create an electrostatic field in the shell (7), a purified gas outlet tube, a condensates outlet pipe (40) and impact separation plates (64) fixed on the rings of the skirt.

Abstract: An electrostatically charged rotating plate or cylinder is used to attract electrostatically charged particles in smoke to avoid pollution and improve the efficiency of the filtering process. The rotating plate is constantly cleaned from the ionized particles adhering to it and the particles so collected are removed without polluting the environment. This filtering system reduces capital and running costs compared with the present filtering systems.

Abstract: A collection device for collecting particles from a gas is provided. The device comprises a passage defined by a wall and at least one electrical field within the passage for charging particles, where the particles are in a gas. The device further comprises a moving collection surface for collecting charged particles. The moving collection surface is located within the at least one passage. The moving collection surface rotates through the at least one electrical field and then rotates to a detection device for detection of the particles.

Abstract: An air purifier includes an outer casing and an ionizer module. The outer casing has a top portion, a bottom portion having an electrode opening, an air purifying cavity defining between the top and bottom portion, and a peripheral opening communicating with the air purifying cavity. The ionizer module includes a power unit and an ionizing electrode unit. The ionizing electrode unit is detachably slid into the air purifying cavity through the electrode opening of the bottom portion of the outer casing, wherein the ionizing electrode unit has a top terminal end arranged to electrically contact with the power unit to ionize the ambient air for emitting ozone thereto when the ambient air is circulated through the peripheral opening along the ionizing electrode unit.

Abstract: An electro-kinetic electro-static air conditioner with a bead member having a bore, through which a wire-like electrode passes. The bead is moved along the wire to frictionally clean the wire-like electrode when an electrode array is removed. A bead lifting arm is mounted to the electrode array. The bead lifting arm can move the bead to clean the electrode as the electrode array is removed from the air conditioner for cleaning. The electro-kinetic electro-static air conditioner has insulated parts which protect against high voltage arcing and conductive deposits relative to the electrodes.

Abstract: An air conditioner device includes a housing, a first electrode disposed in the housing, and a second electrode removably disposed in the housing. The second electrode can be manually removed from the housing and then manually returned to a resting position within the housing. A base member is attached to a bottom portion of the second electrode. An at least partially flexible cleaning member is attached to the base member. The cleaning member frictionally cleans the first electrode when, after being removed from the housing, the second electrode is manually returned to the resting position within the housing.

Abstract: An air conditioner with a cleaning member having an opening, through which a wire-like electrode passes. The member is moved along the wire to frictionally clean the wire-like electrode when a collector electrode array is moved. A lifting arm is mounted to the collector electrode. The lifting arm can move the member to clean the wire-like electrode as the collector electrode is moved (e.g., removed from the air conditioner for cleaning).

Abstract: An electro-kinetic electro-static air conditioner with a bead member having a bore, through which a wire-like electrode passes. The bead is moved along the wire to frictionally clean the wire-like electrode when an electrode array is removed. A bead lifting arm is mounted to the electrode array. The bead lifting arm can move the bead to clean the electrode as electrode array is removed from the air conditioner for cleaning.

Abstract: An electro-kinetic electro-static air conditioner includes a mechanism to clean the wire-like electrodes in the first electrode array. A length of flexible Mylar type sheet material projects from the base of the second electrode array towards and beyond the first electrode array. The distal end of each sheet includes a slit that engages a corresponding wire-like electrode. As a user moves the second electrode array up or down within the conditioner housing, friction between slit edges and the wire-like electrode cleans the electrode surface. The sheet material may be biasedly pivotably attached to the base of the second electrode array, and may be urged away from and parallel to the wire-like electrodes when the conditioner is in use. Another embodiment includes a bead-like member having a through opening or channel, through which the wire-like electrode passes.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a two-stage emission electrode of an electrofilter suitable for use with an internal combustion engine, whereby a cleaning body moves along the emission electrode to strip it of deposits. Only the first stage of the electrode is cleaned by the cleaning body.

Abstract: A precipitator having a through-flowing passage for the air to be purified. The precipitator is intended to be included in an air purification device, especially for purifying air from electrically charged particles. The precipitator is electrically connected to a high voltage source and has at least two electrode elements or groups of such elements arranged at different potential relative to each other. The electrode elements being designed as band-like strips that are arranged to circle at least once, and preferably several times, around an imaginary axis at a gap distance (d), seen in radial direction relative to the imaginary axis, from adjacent electrode elements. The extension of the electrode elements in the air flow direction is essentially less than their circled length around the imaginary axis. The edge section of the electrode elements, preferably at one side only of the body of the precipitator, are fixed relative to each other by the aid of fixing material.

Abstract: A moire contour map of a three-dimensional object is obtained by a moire contour measuring system. The moire contour map is used for making a profiling model to be used in a profiling machine to make a number of plates having configurations corresponding to the contour lines of the moire contour map. The number of plates prepared by the profiling machine are stacked to form a stack of plates having a contour approximately equivalent to the contour of the original three-dimensional object. The stacked plates are bound together and a surface smoothing cover or a filling agent is applied on the surface of the stacked plates to form a replica of the object.

Abstract: In a camera for taking stereoscopic photographs, wherein a lenticular screen and photosensitive film are exposed to an object field through a wide effective aperture, the effective aperture size is controlled so that the image of a point on each of the nearest foreground object and the farthest background object in the object field is confined within a region of the lenticular screen which is not greater than 20 lenticules, and preferably not greater than 10 lenticules, in width.

Abstract: An apparatus for three-dimensional viewing of stored color information. A microfiche (lensfiche) formed by known techniques is viewed without the requirement of special glasses worn by an individual viewing the display. Each lens of a lenticular lensplate is associated with a pair of apertures, the apertures receiving light polarized in two mutually orthogonal directions. One aperture of each aperture pair passes only polarized light of one kind and images this light at a point in front of the lensplate corresponding to the normal viewing position of one eye. The other aperture of each aperture pair passes only polarized light of the other kind and images this light at a point in front of the lensplate corresponding to the normal viewing position of the other eye. This is a Division of application Ser. No. 582,170 filed May 30, 1975, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,012,116.

Abstract: A combined microfiche camera and projection apparatus. The apparatus includes an objective lens for forming a real image on the input end of a coherent bundle of light fibers (internally reflecting glass fibers). The output end of the bundle is dispersed into a plurality of spaced-apart coherent fiber sub-bundles. The ends of the latter terminate contiguous to the emulsion of a microfiche. A projection screen is spaced from the microfiche. The device functions both to record and to read out.

Abstract: A three dimensional reproduction of an object is made by photographing the object at predetermined intervals by rotating the camera in a fixed plane 180.degree. about a fixed axis which is at right angles to the plane of rotation. Each photograph is divided at a point perpendicular to the photograph and along the axis of rotation. Each photograph is then embedded in or affixed to a wedge shaped carvable material, the angle of the wedges being the same as the angle of rotation between photographs. The wedges are fitted together such that the dissected portions of each photograph meet each other at the common axis in a linear plane, and all wedges, when fitted together, form a 360.degree. circle. The outlines of the photographed article in the composite of wedges represent substantially a three dimensional reproduction of the article. Each wedge, when carved along the outline, represented by the photograph, thus produces a substantially accurate three dimensional reproduction of the image photographed.

Abstract: A method production of a composite photograph containing at least two images, i.e. a mark image and a holder image, and a method for distinguishing images in said composite photograph, said photograph being composed of alternate strips containing elements of the holder identify photograph and strips containing elements of validity check mark photograph, all strips being disposed at equal intervals from one another, and said photograph of the holder being hidden by said check mark photograph when viewed normally, and to be discernible only when viewed through a lenticular lens.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for aiding a photographer in determining, coordinating and adjusting numerous variables which bear on the quality of a stereoscopic picture employing a lenticular screen. The variables may include, depending upon the photographic method employed and the scene to be photographed, the desired size of the stereoscopic picture, the resolving power and lenticule width of the lenticular screen, the number and size of two-dimensional picture negatives which are taken and included in the stereoscopic picture, the distance between adjacent camera vantage points from which the negatives are taken, the camera focal length, the distance from the camera to the nearest element or object of the photographed scene, the distance from the camera to the farthest element or object of the scene, and the distance from the camera to an element or object -- the "key subject matter" -- in the scene which is to lie in the plane of the stereoscopic picture.