Abstract: A method for reducing pollution in exhaust gases and a system for treating exhaust gas are provided. The method includes the step of treating an exhaust gas stream with a treating fluid. In one application, the treating fluid is injected by spraying droplets into the exhaust gas stream. A system for treating exhaust gas includes a reagent, and a nozzle to spray the reagent into the exhaust gas stream.

Abstract: A flue gas treatment device is provided. A wet electrostatic precipitator and a flue gas heater are integrated in an integrated flue housing of the flue gas treatment device, thus the occupied area of the flue gas treatment device is smaller than that of the solution with devices being arranged separately. Furthermore, since a bidirectional transition flue is not required to be arranged in the integrated flue housing, the flue gas has a good flow uniformity, and further it is not required to arrange a flow equalization orifice plate in the flue, thus the flue gas has a small resistance, thereby reducing the power consumption of the draught fan and increasing the efficiency of the power plant.

Abstract: A device for collecting particles that have a high electron affinity, particularly explosive particles, from a gas, includes a flow channel (12a) in which at least one electrically positive collector electrode (20a) and at least one ionising electrode (18a) are arranged, between which an electrical field is present so that the particles having high electron affinity can be indirectly charged by corona discharge on the ionising electrode (18a) and can be displaced towards the collector electrode (20a).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for reducing quench water required by a wet electrostatic precipitator. The apparatus includes a wet electrostatic precipitator and an evaporator in flow communication with the wet electrostatic precipitator to evaporate at least one portion of bleed water discharged from the wet electrostatic precipitator into steam. The method includes directing at least one portion of bleed water discharged from the wet electrostatic precipitator to an evaporator and directing at least one portion of flue gas from a boiler to the evaporator. The energy of the at least one portion of flue gas is used to evaporate the at least one portion of the bleed water into steam. The steam is directed to the wet electrostatic precipitator. The at least one portion of flue gas is directed from the evaporator to the wet electrostatic precipitator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for reducing waste effluent from a system including a boiler and a wet electrostatic precipitator, the waste effluent having blow down water discharged by the boiler during a blow down operation and bleed water discharged by the wet electrostatic precipitator. The method includes collecting the blow down water and providing it to the wet electrostatic precipitator as a makeup water supplement, evaporating a portion the bleed water and leaving residual bleed water, providing the evaporated bleed water to the wet electrostatic precipitator as a further makeup water supplement, and using the residual bleed water to quench ash produced by combustion of solid fuel by the boiler. The apparatus includes an evaporator that provides direct contact between hot boiler flue gas and the bleed water such that a portion of the flue gas is quenched before being provided to the wet electrostatic precipitator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for reducing waste effluent from a system including a boiler and a wet electrostatic precipitator, the waste effluent having blow down water discharged by the boiler during a blow down operation and bleed water discharged by the wet electrostatic precipitator. The method includes collecting the blow down water and providing it to the wet electrostatic precipitator as a makeup water supplement, evaporating a portion of the bleed water and leaving residual bleed water, providing the evaporated bleed water to the wet electrostatic precipitator as a further makeup water supplement, and using the residual bleed water to quench ash produced by combustion of solid fuel by the boiler. The apparatus includes an evaporator that provides direct contact between hot boiler flue gas and the bleed water such that a portion of the flue gas is quenched before being provided to the wet electrostatic precipitator.

Abstract: A wet electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is disclosed to have a housing, several discharge wires, two roughened collection electrodes coated with TiO2 or SiO2 nanoparticles, two porous metallic plates, and two roughened glass plates coated with TiO2 or SiO2 nanoparticles. The porous metallic plates and the glass plates coated with TiO2 or SiO2 nanoparticles located above the collection electrodes are used to enhance the uniformity of the water film. When particles are introduced into the ESP, they are charged by gas ions generated by corona discharge, and then migrate to collection electrodes due to electrostatic force. Finally, particles are removed by uniform water film flowing downward along the collection electrodes. Furthermore, pulse jet passing through the small holes on the collection plates is used to clean discharge wires, maintaining electric corona strength and prolonging the operation life.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for reducing waste effluent from a system including a boiler and a wet electrostatic precipitator, the waste effluent having blow down water discharged by the boiler during a blow down operation and bleed water discharged by the wet electrostatic precipitator. The method includes collecting the blow down water and providing it to the wet electrostatic precipitator as a makeup water supplement, evaporating a portion of the bleed water and leaving residual bleed water, providing the evaporated bleed water to the wet electrostatic precipitator as a further makeup water supplement, and using the residual bleed water to quench ash produced by combustion of solid fuel by the boiler. The apparatus includes an evaporator that provides direct contact between hot boiler flue gas and the bleed water such that a portion of the flue gas is quenched before being provided to the wet electrostatic precipitator.

Abstract: A wet electrostatic precipitator (1) includes an inlet (2) for receiving a gas (4) containing a pollutant, and an outlet (6) for discharging therefrom the gas (8) from which said pollutant has been at least partially removed. Nozzles (24) are operative for purposes of spraying liquid onto at least one first vertical collecting surface (30) of at least one collecting electrode (18). A liquid distributor (42) is provided for purposes of pouring liquid onto at least one second vertical collecting surface (44), said at least one second vertical collecting surface (44) being located on a further collecting electrode (36), with said further collecting electrode (36) being located downstream of said at least one collecting electrode (18). The nozzles (24) are located upstream of the liquid distributor (42), as viewed with reference to the direction of flow of the gas.

Abstract: A wet electrostatic precipitator is disclosed to include a condensation-growth chamber, a precipitation chamber connecting with the condensation-growth chamber, three dual-sleeve members mounted in the precipitation chamber, three discharge electrodes connecting with the dual-sleeve members, two insulating members covering on the inner surface of the precipitation chamber, and two ground electrodes mounted on the outside of the precipitation chamber. Thus, a uniform water film is formed on the surface of the insulating members to wash away the particles from waste gas. The condensation-growth chamber is provided for the particles to grow therein and thereby enhances the collection efficiency. The insulating member acts as a shield between the discharge electrodes and the ground electrodes and thereby avoids a short circuit or sparks.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing particulate matter from a gas stream containing particulate matter, the apparatus including: a mist-producing element that mixes a gas stream entering the apparatus with liquid droplets; and a down flow Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP) pass section having ionizing electrodes that electrically charge the particulate matter and the intermixed liquid droplets, and collecting surfaces in the form of an array of polygonal tubes, wherein the collecting surfaces are under the influence of an electrical field to attract and remove electrically-charged particulate matter and intermixed liquid droplets from the gas stream. An embodiment utilizing two down-flow Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP) sections (i.e.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing particulate matter from a gas stream containing particular matter, the apparatus comprising: a mist-producing element that mixes a gas stream entering the apparatus with liquid droplets; a down-flow Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP) section comprising ionizing electrodes that electrically charge the particulate matter and the intermixed liquid droplets, and collecting surfaces under the influence of an electrical field which attract and remove electrically-charged particulate matter and intermixed liquid droplets from the gas stream; and an up-flow WESP section comprising electrically-charged ionizing and collecting electrodes that remove, from the gas stream, substantially all fine-sized droplets generated in the down-flow WESP section.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing particulate matter from a biomass combustion gas stream, the apparatus having a mist-producing element that mixes a gas stream entering the apparatus with liquid droplets; a Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP) section that includes ionizing electrodes that electrically charge the particulate matter and the intermixed liquid droplets and collecting surfaces under the influence of an electrical field which attract and remove electrically-charged particulate matter and intermixed liquid droplets from the gas stream; and a scrubbing section that provides for additional scrubbing of the gas.

Abstract: A carbon separation and collection device used for a high performance dust collector includes a water supply tube, a water pump, a high pressure negative electrode discharge device, a high pressure positive electrode discharge device, a rotary brush, a removing plate, a carbon collector, a liquid tank, and a speed change device and an exhausting tube. The two discharge devices serve to achieve a function of electrolyte. When the cleaning liquid with carbon flows into the water supply tube by using the water pump. The carbon is adhered to the high pressure positive electrode discharge device. The high pressure positive electrode discharge device is driven to rotate by the speed change device. The carbon is moved from the high pressure positive electrode discharge device by the rotary brush and removing plate. Then, the removing carbon drops into the carbon collector.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a wet electrostatic precipitator (ESP) field disposed along a combusted fossil-fuel flue gas stream path downstream of a dry ESP field. The wet ESP field includes a chamber having a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, and at least one collection plate positioned within the chamber. The chamber also includes one or more wash nozzle positioned adjacent the collection plate, and a wet hopper positioned substantially under the collection plate. The apparatus preferably further includes one or more cooling nozzles positioned near the flue gas inlet. The cooling and wash nozzles are fluidly coupled to a water source, while the wet hopper is fluidly coupled to either a pH adjustment module or a treatment processor. A method of removing contaminants from a flue gas stream using the above apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus capable of exhibiting an excellent exhaust gas purifying capability and restoring the capability to an initial level even after running for a long period of time. An electrification mesh section electrostatically negatively charges useless particulates contained in exhaust gas and a purification filter section adsorbs thereon the particulates thus charged, resulting in the particulates being separated from the exhaust gas. Also, when the purification filter is made of carbon fiber or carbon particles or the denitration filter section is additionally provided, a reduction in concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas is accomplished as well. In a reactivation unit, cleaning liquid cleans the purification filter section to remove useless particulates therefrom, so that an exhaust gas purification capacity of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus may be restored to a level substantially equal to an initial level thereof.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitation system (100) utilizes laminar flow of a particulate-laden gas in order to enhance the removal of sub-micron sized particulates. The system incorporates a vertically oriented housing (105) through which the gas flows downwardly therethrough to a lower outlet port (110). The gas, which may be a flue gas enters the laminar flow precipitator (102) through an inlet port (108) for passage through a charging section (104). The charging section (104) imparts a charge to the particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gas and charged particles then flow to a collecting section (106) which is downstream and below the charging section (104). The collecting section (106) is formed by a plurality of substantially parallel tubular members, each tubular member defining a collecting passage therein.

Abstract: A low-profile gas purifying apparatus includes a plurality of conductive plates each having a serrated portion at the periphery thereof. The plates are disposed opposite a flat electrode which is coated with a dielectric layer and are separated from the flat electrode by a predetermined gap. A high voltage A.C. power source is connected between the plates and the flat electrode. The plane surfaces of the conductive plates are slanted with respect to the gas flow direction to reduce flow resistance through the apparatus.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a light-sensitive copying material, the copying layer of which comprises a water-soluble, curable binder and a diazonium salt polycondensation product of recurring units of the general types (A-N.sub.2 X) and (B) which are linked to one another by intermediate members which have two bonds and are derived from a carbonyl compound capable of undergoing a condensation reaction, wherein A is the radical of a compound which contains at least two isocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic rings and is able to undergo a condensation reaction, at least at one point in the molecule, with formaldehyde in an acid medium, B is the radical of a compound which is free of diazonium groups and is able to undergo a condensation reaction, at least at one point in the molecule, with formaldehyde in an acid medium, and X is the anion of an acid which forms a water-soluble salt with the condensation product, the improvement being that fish glue is the water-soluble, curable binder.

Abstract: A method for the amplification or intensification of dye images formed in a negative-working diazo system which comprises the steps of: (1) initially image-wise exposing a negative-working diazo layer to actinic radiation sufficient to convert a portion of the diazo compound contained therein to an active coupling constituent in the light-struck areas to form a first latent image, (2) developing the exposed diazo layer to effect coupling so as to form colored incipient images in the light-struck areas, (3) exposing the entire diazo layer from the same side as the initial image-wise exposure to actinic radiation of a greater amount than that used in the initial exposure, said amount of actinic radiation being sufficient to substantially photolyze the non-image areas while simultaneously creating second latent images beneath the already-developed areas, and (4) developing the exposed diazo layer again to effect coupling in said second latent image areas to form color therein and to amplify the initial colored i

Abstract: An exposure method for exposing to a pattern a photosensitive material formed over a substrate having a reflective surface uses a light source having beam components of different wavelengths. The beam from the light source is used to project an exposure pattern upon the photosensitive material through a predetermined mask pattern to thereby form a combined standing wave pattern with the aid of the light beam incident on the photosensitive material and the light beam reflected by the reflective surface. The photosensitive material is disposed in the reduced peak value region of the combined standing wave pattern as the result of the interposition of a transparent layer between the reflecting surface and the photosensitive layer. Thus, the photosensitive material is pattern-exposed to a substantially uniform sensitizing energy.

Abstract: An image-forming element is disclosed comprised of a support and a coating thereon containing a cobalt(III)complex and a compound containing a conjugated .pi. bonding system capable of forming at least a bidentate chelate with cobalt(III). The coating is predominantly free of anions which will form conjugate acids by deprotonation of a cobalt(II)complex containing the chelating compound. In one preferred form the image-forming element is radiation-sensitive. In this form the image-forming element can contain a photoactivator capable of initiating reduction of the cobalt(III)complex. An imaging process is disclosed in which the coating is exposed to actinic radiation to produce an image. Images can be recorded directly within the image-forming coating or in a separate image-recording element or layer by use of the residual cobalt(III)complex or by use of one or more of the reaction products produced by exposure.

Abstract: A vesicular image is prepared by contacting an original with a vesicular photograhic element, wherein the element contains a decomposing photosensitive material; and irradiating said element with light containing infrared light from the element side of said contacted image and element.

Abstract: An exposure method for exposing to a pattern a photosensitive material formed over a substrate having a reflective surface uses a light source having beam components of different wavelengths. The beam from the light source is used to project an exposure pattern upon the photosensitive material through a predetermined mask pattern to thereby form a combined standing wave pattern with the aid of the light beam incident on the photosensitive material and the light beam reflected by the reflective surface. The photosensitive material is disposed in the reduced peak value region of the combined standing wave pattern as the result of the interposition of a transparent layer between the reflecting surface and the photosensitive layer. Thus, the photosensitive material is pattern-exposed to a substantially uniform sensitizing energy.

Abstract: A photographic process wherein a visible image is formed by print-out or optical development in a recording material comprising in intimate admixture a spiropyran compound, an ultra-violet light-sensitive compound capable of producing an exposure with ultra-violet light with the spiropyran a dye salt and as sensitizing agent an organic nitrogen containing compound having a thiol group or in its tautomeric form a thione group as represented in the following tautomeric structural parts : ##EQU1## Preferred recording materials contain a spirodinaphthopyran compound, carbon tetrabromide and/or iodoform and as sensitizing agent 2-mercaptobenzthiazole in conjunction with a triaryl stibine as antifogging agent.

Abstract: Chromophore-substituted vinyl-halomethyl-s-triazine compounds are provided capable of free-radical generation upon excitation with radiation having a wavelength of from about 330 to about 700 millimicrons.