Abstract: An electrically enhanced air filtration system is disclosed which uses rear fiber charging is disclosed. In particular, a fibrous filter may be placed in an upstream position within the system with one or more ionization arrays positioned downstream or to the rear of the fibrous filter in terms of airflow direction. The fibrous filter may include a grounded side and fiber side with the grounded side being upstream of the fiber side. The ionization array may include a plurality of electrodes each extending unidirectionally toward the fibrous filter.

Abstract: Disclosed are a gas-liquid separator, a hydrogen generating apparatus, and a fuel cell generation system, having the same. The gas-liquid separator can include an inflow path, into which a fluid material having a liquid and a gas flows; a centrifugal path, connected to the inflow path to receive the fluid material and formed spirally such that the fluid material is separated into the liquid and the gas by difference in centrifugal forces, an outer side of the centrifugal path having stronger affinity for the liquid than an inner side of the centrifugal path; and an outflow path, connected to the centrifugal path and discharging the liquid and the gas, which have been separated in the centrifugal path. With the present invention, it is possible to efficiently separate gas such as hydrogen and liquid such as a electrolyte solution without complex devices.

Abstract: A process for forming a porous nanoscale membrane is described. The process involves applying a nanoscale film to one side of a substrate, where the nanoscale film includes a semiconductor material; masking an opposite side of the substrate; etching the substrate, beginning from the masked opposite side of the substrate and continuing until a passage is formed through the substrate, thereby exposing the film on both sides thereof to form a membrane; and then simultaneously forming a plurality of randomly spaced pores in the membrane. The resulting porous nanoscale membranes, characterized by substantially smooth surfaces, high pore densities, and high aspect ratio dimensions, can be used in filtration devices, microfluidic devices, fuel cell membranes, and as electron microscopy substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed are a gas-liquid separator, a hydrogen generating apparatus, and a fuel cell generation system, having the same. The gas-liquid separator can include an inflow path, into which a fluid material having a liquid and a gas flows; a centrifugal path, connected to the inflow path to receive the fluid material and formed spirally such that the fluid material is separated into the liquid and the gas by difference in centrifugal forces, an outer side of the centrifugal path having stronger affinity for the liquid than an inner side of the centrifugal path; and an outflow path, connected to the centrifugal path and discharging the liquid and the gas, which have been separated in the centrifugal path. With the present invention, it is possible to efficiently separate gas such as hydrogen and liquid such as a electrolyte solution without complex devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the separation of particles from a flow of gas, where both large, heavy and small, light particles can be separated off from the gas by means of the combined effect of an electrostatic attraction force and a centrifugal force in a centrifugal separator (10) of the type that comprises a rotor (14) that has a plurality of adjacent surface elements (16) with intermediate gas flow gaps (48) and that is mounted in such a way that it can rotate in a surrounding casing (12), which casing has an inlet (18) for unclean gas and an outlet (22) for clean gas and an outlet (24) for separated-of f particles. A charging unit (44) ionizes the particles upstream of the rotor (14). An electrical field is generated between adjacent surface elements (16) of the rotor in order to attract the ionized light particles towards a face of the surface elements by means of the electrostatic force.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for effectively filtering particulate matter from exhaust gas. Exemplary embodiments of the invention provides a system for capturing diesel-powered vehicle particulate matter in exhaust gas, the system including: a detour channel at the interior of the entrance to the diesel particulate filter, an electrode located in front of the detour channel and operable to ionize the particulate matter, and a control unit operable to control operation of the electrode.

Abstract: A method of utilizing a filter having a filter body removing solid particles from a fluid, in order to extend the life cycle of the filter body before cleaning or replacement thereof is required, characterized in applying to the fluid, upstream of the filter body, an AC electrical field of a frequency and intensity to agglomerate solid particles in the fluid reaching the filter body, such as to reduce the number of smaller particles in the fluid tending to clog the filter body. Also described are a plurality of filter constructions for extending the life cycle of the filter body in accordance with the above method.

Abstract: A size preferential electrostatic agglomerator is provided for agglomerating small particles with larger “carrier” particles. The agglomerator includes an inlet for receiving a gas flow, a separator for separating the gas flow into flow streams based on the size of the particles therein, an ionization region for imparting an opposite electrical charge to each of the flow streams, an agglomeration region receiving the flow streams to facilitate the agglomeration of the oppositely charged particles, and an outlet for exhausting the gas flow containing agglomerated particles to facilitate collection, processing or other activity on the agglomerated particles. The present invention provides an efficient system for gathering large amounts of small particles in a gas flow.

Abstract: An electrostatic air cleaner for installation in an air-circulating system, including a flow sensor for sensing the flow of air across the electrostatic air cleaner, and a switch, responsive to the flow sensor, for operating the electrostatic air cleaner only when the flow of air exceeds a predetermined threshold. More particularly, the electrostatic air cleaner includes an electrostatic air cleaner cover unit adapted to be secured over the opening in a frame in the air circulating system which frame contains at least one removable electrostatic air cleaning cell. The cover unit has a baffle for substantially blocking the air flow between the electrostatic air cleaning cell and the cover unit. The baffle has an opening therein, and a bypass tube is aligned with the opening in the baffle. An air flow sensor is disposed in the tube for sensing the air flow through the tube. The air flow sensor preferably includes a self-heating thermistor for sensing the flow in the bypass tube.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion containing an aldehydebis type magenta coupler and an amide compound.

Abstract: An hydroxylamine and a member selected from the group consisting of alkanolamines which are free of carboxyl substitution, aliphatic monoamino monocarboxylic acids of up to three carbon atoms, and aminobenzoic acids, are employed in combination in a photographic color developing composition comprising a primary aromatic amino color developing agent for the purpose of retarding aerial oxidation of the developing agent. This combination can be used to replace all or part of the sulfite that is commonly employed in color developers, to thereby avoid or reduce the disadvantages resulting from the fact that sulfite competes with couplers for oxidized developing agent.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a color photosensitive material which has a support and a silver halide photosensitive layer and contains a specific compound which acts as a fading inhibitor and also prevents Y-staining.

Abstract: A method for removing fogging and/or color mixing components formed in a color developer containing an aromatic primary amine developing agent during the development processing using the color developer which comprises contacting the color developer with an aqueous solution through a continuous fine open-cell porous diaphragm of a hydrophobic material to thereby transfer the fogging and/or color mixing components from the color developer to the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A photographic color developer composition containing a color developer compound and an antioxidant wherein it contains a water-soluble enolizable .alpha.-aminocarbonyl compound as antioxidant is provided. Resistance to atmospheric oxygen of photographic color developer baths is improved.

Abstract: This invention involves a color photographic material which contains a support and a hydrophilic layer containing a dye image wherein the material contains a compound represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic ring; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 individually represent hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group, an alkylthio group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, an acyl group, an acylamino group, a diacylamino group, an acyloxy group, a sulfonamido group, an alkylamino group, a cycloalkyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl group; and Z represents an atomic group or groups necessary for forming a chroman or coumaran ring; provided that R and R.sub.1 can cooperatively be cyclized to form a chroman or coumaran ring.

Abstract: A color photosensitive material comprising a support and a silver halide photosensitive layer containing compounds as represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, C.sub.p, and X are as herein defined, is described.

Abstract: Hexahydro-4,6-diimino-1,3-pyrimidine-2-thiones having a phenyl group substituent in the 1-position have been found to be antifoggants for silver halide photographic emulsions.

Abstract: A method of forming a photographic image which comprises image-wise exposing a silver halide photographic element containing at least one compound having a degree of polymerization of about 10 to about 8,000 and represented by the following general formula (I):--a).sub.x (B).sub.y (I)whereinA represents ##STR1## or --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--, R represents ##STR2## or --OH, m is an integer of 3 to 7, R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;B represents a monomer unit derived from styrene, methacrylic acid ester, acrylic ester, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, vinyl alcohol, vinyl chloride, vinyl ether, acrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, potassium styrenesulfonate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, vinylimidazole or vinylpyridine; andX and y represent the mole%, respectively, of A and B, with x + y = 100 and in which x .gtoreq.

Abstract: A color developer composition is provided which has substantially improved protection against oxidation of the color developer and excellent sequestering properties characterized in that the composition comprises an .alpha.-aminocarbonyl compound, an organo-phosphonic acid and an aminocarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A color photographic silver halide light-sensitive material capable of providing color images having excellent fastness and free from discoloration at the non-image areas comprising a support having thereon a silver halide photographic emulsion layer having a dye image providing material associated therewith and with the light-sensitive material containing at least one compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a precursor thereof: ##STR1## wherein R and R', which may be the same or different, each represents ##STR2## and at least one phenolic compound having an ether bond at the 4-position thereof.

Abstract: A color photographic light-sensitive element comprising a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer containing therein a 3-anilino-2-pyrazolin-5-one magenta color forming coupler, which prevents yellow staining at the unexposed areas after color development processing, and which particularly prevents an increase in yellow staining due to irradiation of light with the magenta color images obtained using the color photographic element containing the magenta coupler maintaining a clear color even after irradiation of light.

Abstract: A method for adding oil-soluble photographic addenda in the form of their solution in a high boiling organic solvent to a hydrophilic colloidal solution for forming a layer of a light-sensitive silver halide photographic material in the homogeneously dispersed state, is described.

Abstract: A process for processing color photographic materials, which involves color development processing an image wise exposed silver halide color light-sensitive material with a color developer, in which the color developer contains an aromatic primary amine developing agent and at least one monosaccharide selected from the group consisting of a pentose, a methylpentose and a hexose.

Abstract: In a color diffusion transfer photographic material which comprises a photosensitive element containing at least one silver halide emulsion layer having associated therein a non-diffusible dye image-providing material, an image-receiving element for immobilizing therein diffusible dye formed by the oxidation reaction of the dye image-providing material and a primary aromatic amino color developing agent to form dye images, and a processing composition for developing the exposed silver halide in the silver halide emulsion layer and transferring the diffusible dye formed into the image-receiving layer with at least one of the photosensitive elements, the image-receiving element or the processing composition containing a primary aromatic amino color developing agent or a precursor thereof, with the photosensitive element and/or the image-receiving element of the photographic material containing at least one of divinyl sulfone and a divinyl sulfone derivative represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein B rep

Abstract: A color photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one layer of a silver halide photographic emulsion with the light-sensitive material containing at least one hydroquinone compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, ##STR2## or a precursor thereof.

Abstract: A color photographic light-sensitive element comprising a support having thereon a photographic layer containing (a) at least one magenta coupler represented by the general formula (II): ##STR1## wherein Y.sub.1 represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; Y.sub.2 and Y.sub.3, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 represents R.sub.2 CONH--, R.sub.2 OOC--, R.sub.2 NHSO.sub.2 -- or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: A method for improving the light fastness of a magenta color image in a silver halide color photograph which comprises incorporating into a layer containing a magenta color image, which is formed upon reaction of a magenta coupler and an oxidation product of an aromatic primary amine color developing agent, at least one light fastness improving phenolic compound and at least one synergistic light fastness improving agent selected from a sulfide or sulfoxide compound represented by the following general formula (V):x--b--y (v)wherein B represents --S-- or --SO--; X and Y, which may be the same or different, each represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --R.sub.1, ##STR1## or ##STR2## and R.sub.1 represents --COOR.sub.3, ##STR3## --OR.sub.6, --O--COR.sub.6, --NHSO.sub.2 R.sub.6, ##STR4## --NHCOR.sub.6, a cyano group, an aryl group or a hydroxy group; R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a hydroxy group, a cyano group or --COOR.sub.3 ; R.sub.3 R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.

Abstract: A color photographic light-sensitive material containing a coupler therein and, in at least one photographic layer, a compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an --X--Y group wherein X represents a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group, and Y represents a straight chain, branched chain or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group containing a straight chain, branched chain or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group, an aralkoxy group, a straight chain, branched chain or cyclic alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxycarbonyl group or an aralkoxycarbonyl group; and R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: A process for color photographic processing, which comprises subjecting an exposed silver halide color light-sensitive material to a color development using a color developer containing(1) an aromatic primary amine developing agent and(2) at least one organic compound having at least one phosphono group and at least one carboxy group in the molecule.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising a hydrophilic organic colloid layer containing a photographic additive dispersed therein using as a solvent a benzoic acid ester which has a boiling point of greater than 250.degree. C at atmospheric pressure, which is soluble in water in a proportion of less than about 10% by weight, and which dissolves water in a proportion of less than about 5% by weight. The benzoic acid ester does not have any harmful influence on the human body and does not cause environmental pollution.

Abstract: A photographic silver halide material containing a new stabilizer compound which is an aromatic compound containing in ortho position two bridging members which are linked to form a spiro structure with a 2'-imidazolidine-4',5'-dione as defined hereinafter.

Abstract: In a diffusion transfer color photographic material including a photosensitive element comprising silver halide emulsion layers having associated therewith dye image forming materials, an image receiving element, and a liquid processing composition for developing the silver halide emulsion layers after image-wise exposure and diffusing the dye images formed into the image receiving element, the dye images formed are stabilized and the formation of stains at blank areas is effectively prevented by incorporating one or more N-.alpha.-sulfoalkylated amino acids into at least one of the photosensitive element, the image receiving element or the liquid processing composition. A process using the same is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing a color developing solution which comprises adding one or more hydroxamic acid compounds represented by the following formula to the color developing solution: ##STR1## wherein X represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino group, an alkylamino group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an arylamino group.

Abstract: A color photographic recording material is provided containing at least one dye image or a color coupler for the production of a dye image and the material contains in at least one hydrophilic layer a hydroxyindane as defined hereinafter to reduce the fading of the image dye on exposure to UV or visible light.

Abstract: A color photographic material having a silver halide emulsion layer and containing a thioether compound which is reactable on chromogenic development thereby releasing a diffusible substance which inhibits the development of the silver halide.The thioether compound is a homophthalimide containing a removable mercapto group containing moiety in the 4-position and its nitrogen in the 2-position atom being a tertiary nitrogen.

Abstract: A photographic element is disclosed comprised of a support and at least one layer containing a photographic imaging dye or its precursor. The imaging dye is chosen to have an absorption peak below 590 nm. An azomethine dye having an absorption peak above 700 nm is associated with the imaging dye or its precursor within the photographic layer. The azomethine dye reduces the rate of fading of the imaging dye upon exposure to visible light. A process for stabilizing a photographic dye image is also disclosed.

Abstract: A color diffusion transfer photographic material which comprises: (a) a light-sensitive element containing at least one silver halide emulsion layer having a dye image-providing material associated therewith; (b) an image-receiving element capable of imagewise fixing the dye image-providing material as a result of exposure and development of the silver halide emulsion layer; and (c) a processing composition capable of causing development of the silver halide emulsion layer and containing a mercapto compound having a molecular weight of about 230 or higher; with at least one of the light-sensitive element, the image-receiving element and the processing composition containing a developing agent for the silver halide.

Abstract: A diffusible-dye releasing type dye consisting of a radical which reacts with an oxidation product of a color developing principal agent in a color development process to yield a substantially colorless compound and a dye residue carrying water-soluble radicals. Its photographic uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat-developable photosensitive material which comprises a support having one or more layers thereon containing at least (a) an organic silver salt, (b) a catalytic amount of a photosensitive silver halide or a component capable of forming a photosensitive silver halide, (c) a reducing agent and (d) at least one of an inorganic peroxide and a peroxodisulfate.

Abstract: Silver halide supersensitized with a mixture of naphthoxazole and benzoxazole carbocyanine dyes.

Abstract: A color photographic light-sensitive material comprising a silver halide photographic emulsion containing (1) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (a) a compound represented by the following general formula (I);cp - Z (I)wherein Cp represents a monovalent residue of a magenta or yellow coupler residue in which one hydrogen atom of the active methylene group is replaced by a coupling off group Z eliminated upon coupling reaction with an oxidation product of an aromatic primary amine color developing agent, and Z represents a nitrogen-containing coupling-off group connected to Cp at a nitrogen atom thereof, and (b) a 4-position unsubstituted 3-arylamino-5-pyrazolone derivative, and (2) at least one compound represented by the following general formula (II);q - sh (ii)wherein Q represents a heterocyclic group, bonded directly or indirectly thereto and containing at least one of a --SO.sub.

Abstract: A tocopherol derivative represented by the general formula, ##STR1## wherein R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent individually a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and R.sub.3 represents a straight chain or branched-chain alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, is incorporated as a light-fading stabilizer into the photosensitive layer of a color photographic lightsensitive material, whereby the photographic material can be prevented not only from fading and discoloration of the finally obtained color image and from discoloration of the non-color-developed portion, but also from formation of fog. Furthermore, the said stabilizer itself is excellent in dispersion stability.

Abstract: A multilayer color photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least two silver halide emulsion layer units, each of which is sensitive to radiation of a substantially different wavelength region within the wavelength region of from about 220 nm to about 800 nm and contains a color-forming coupler capable of forming a dye on coupling with an oxidized primary aromatic amine developing agent, with at least one of the emulsion layer units containing an ICC coupler represented by the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein Cp represents a coupler residue; L and M each represents a nitrogen atom or a methine group, V represents a monocyclic or dicyclic aromatic ring of the benzene series, and at least one of L and M represnts a nitrogen atom; which releases a triazole derivative or a diazole derivative on coupling with an oxidized primary aromatic amine developing agent, and with the emulsion layer unit containing the ICC coupler represented by the general formula (I) or another layer

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic material comprising a support having thereon at least a silver halide emulsion layer containing a hydrophobic phenolic or naphtholic cyan dye forming coupler together with a 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole compound. The color photographic material provides a cyan dye image having improved moisture resistance and high fastness to heat.

Abstract: A photographic silver halide material with at least one halide emulsion layer and at least one substance in heterogeneous contribution emulsified in oilformer compounds and a process of preparing the said photographic silver halide materials. The substances are introduced into photographic emulsions prior to coating by way of adding a hydrophilic phase containing in emulsified form the substances which are emulsified in the hydrophilic phase in form of a solution containing at least one substantially diffusion-resistant, substantially water-insoluble, substantially non-coupling dispersible .beta.-diketo compound with at least 9 carbon atoms, .beta.-keto carboxylic acid ester, .beta.-keto carboxylic acid amide, cyanoacetyl compound or .beta.-dicarboxylic acid ester with at least 13 carbon atoms as oilformer. The photographic material shows advantageous results i.a. with respect of stability of the emulsified substances in the layers and excellent sensitometric results.

Abstract: In a method for developing, bleaching and fixing an exposed silver halide photographic material, the improvement which comprises bleaching the photographic material with a bleaching solution containing a ferric salt, then processing the photographic material with a solution containing an organic acid.

Abstract: Improved 5-pyrazolone couplers of the following formula ##SPC1## wherein R,R.sub.1 R.sub.2,X and A denotes as described hereinafter for use in lightsensitive color photographic materials which are easy to prepare and give rise after chromogenic development to magenta dyes with improved stability to light.

Abstract: A photographic material comprising a support having thereon a photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing a hydroquinone derivative which releases a development inhibitor or a development accelerator at development and including an absorbing colloid layer for adsorbing the development inhibitor or accelerator containing silver halide particles which are not substantially developed by development on the silver halide emulsion layer or between the silver halide emulsion layer and the support.

Abstract: A color photographic silver halide light-sensitive material containing a 2-equivalent alpha-acylacetoamide yellow dye-forming coupler and a monoalkylhydroquinone.

Abstract: A process for color photographic processing, which comprises subjecting an exposed silver halide color light-sensitive material to a color development using a color developer containing(1) an aromatic primary amine developing agent and(2) at least one organic compound having at least one phosphono group and at least one carboxy group in the molecule.