Abstract: A vacuum cleaner having a reduced velocity chamber with a high velocity air inlet, an electric motor, a rotary mechanism driven by the motor for creating a vacuum in the chamber, an outlet for exhausting air from the chamber, which air flows in a selected path from the air inlet, through the chamber and out the air exhaust outlet and a disposable porous sheet filter layer in the chamber for removing solids particles from the air. The vacuum cleaner also has a fiber filter between the filter layer and the motor where the fiber filter has an electrically charged non-woven material for removing very fine air particles in the chamber, intersecting the air path and generally coterminous with the disposable filter layer.

Abstract: An electret filter media includes an additive or mixtures thereof that enhance the charge stability of the media. The filter media achieves acceptable alpha values for a range of filtration challenges without significant decay in alpha values over time. Preferred charge additives include fatty acid amides, oleophobic fluorochemical surfactants, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitation system (100) utilizes laminar flow of a particulate-laden gas in order to enhance the removal of sub-micron sized particulates. The system incorporates a vertically oriented housing (105) through which the gas flows downwardly therethrough to a lower outlet port (110). The gas, which may be a flue gas enters the laminar flow precipitator (102) through an inlet port (108) for passage through a charging section (104). The charging section (104) imparts a charge to the particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gas and charged particles then flow to a collecting section (106) which is downstream and below the charging section (104). The collecting section (106) is formed by a plurality of substantially parallel tubular members, each tubular member defining a collecting passage therein.

Abstract: In an air purifying apparatus having a housing formed with a recess in which are fitted a static activated carbon panel and a high voltage dust collecting panel, the improvement wherein said high voltage dust collecting panel includes a plurality of cross bars and ventilation slits therebetween, said cross bars being coated with a high conductive and oxidation resistant alloy powder to form anodes and cathodes which are respectively connected to the positive pole and negative pole of a high voltage generating circuit.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner having a reduced velocity chamber with a high velocity air inlet, an electric motor, a rotary mechanism driven by the motor for creating a vacuum in the chamber, an outlet for exhausting air from the chamber, which air flows in a selected path from the air inlet, through the chamber and out the air exhaust outlet and a disposable porous sheet filter layer in the chamber for removing solids particles from the air. The vacuum cleaner also has a fiber filter between the filter layer and the motor where the fiber filter has an electrically charged non-woven material for removing very fine air particles in the chamber, intersecting the air path and generally coterminous with the disposable filter layer.

Abstract: A corona-assisted electrostatic filtration apparatus which includes a cathode, an anode filter element, and a means of establishing a nonalternating potential difference between the cathode and the anode which is sufficient to maintain a corona field of ionized gas between the cathode and the anode filter element. The anode filter element includes a porous fibrous sheet material having pores in a range of from about 0.1 to about 100 micrometers, with at least a portion of the fibers thereof being uniformly coated with a metal. Also provided is a method of utilizing such apparatus to remove particulate matter from a gaseous medium.

Abstract: A small, battery-powered air purifier can be clipped to a wearer's front shirt pocket or worn suspended from a cord about the wearer's neck. The device includes a housing containing a compact circuit that transforms direct current provided by the battery into a negative high voltage pulsating current which is connected to a sharp metal point contained within a chamber inside the hollow housing. A corona discharge forms on the sharp point, ionizing air molecules and any particulates, and generating ozone. An opening into the chamber is covered by a noncorrosive metal grid connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The negative ions are attracted to this grid, thereby completing an electrical circuit. Movement of the ions to the grid results in mass movement of air which causes a stream of air to emerge through the grid. As the air passes the grid, negatively charged particulates are deposited on the grid.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for biological purification and filtration of air. The apparatus includes a coarse filter (1), an ionizer (5), an additional plate (9) and a fine filter (10), which are installed in this order along the path of the gas flow, and a power source (23). The coarse filter (1) is essentially an electrostatic precipitator consisting of three plates (2,3,4) adjacent to each other, the outer-most (2,3) of which are made of a cellular metal and are connected electrically to the opposite-in-sign terminals of the power source (23), whereas the central plate (4) is made of polyurethane foam. The coarse filter (1) abuts closely on the cylindrical nondischarge electrode (6) of the ionizer (5).

Abstract: An electric dust collector system which contains a plurality of charging mechanisms such as ionizer electrodes for charging dust particles and a plurality of collector mechanisms such as collector electrodes for collecting the dust particles. The collector electrodes are oxidized inwardly from the surface to form a metal oxide semiconductor layer. An ionizer-collector integrated electric dust collector system where the collector electrodes are extended and connected from the ionizer electrodes is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, an electric dust collector system further contains electrostatic filters for collecting the dust particles and mesh-shaped electrodes for applying the electric field.

Abstract: A composite filter media is formed of a plurality of layers. A central layer of electrostatically charged material formed of a carded mixture of polyolefin fibers such as polypropylene and electro-negative substituted organic resin fibers such as modacrylic acrylonitrile-vinyl, chloridevinylidene chloride copolymer efficiently filter more than 99% of 0.1 to 0.5 micron particles. A flame retardant prefilter layer of polyester removes large particles and a backing of flame retardant linear polyester provides tear resistance. An optional layer of electrostatically charged, melt blown, polyolefin such as polypropylene prevents the central layer from loading up by effectively filtering intermediate sized particles.

Abstract: A color photographic light-sensitive material which comprises a support having thereon at least a red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, a green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, a yellow filter layer and a blue-sensitive silver halide layer, in which the green-sensitive layer comprises a first green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and a second green sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and the relative positionwise relationship of each layer is in the order of the red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, the first green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, the yellow filter layer, the blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and the second green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer from the support.

Abstract: A film or paper for producing a colored image from a monochromatic source image comprising four silver halide emulsion layers. A first layer of slow speed emulsion produces an underexposed negative image while a second layer of slow speed emulsion produces an underexposed positive image. The two remaining layers of fast speed emulsion produce an overexposed positive image and an overexposed negative image.A novel process is disclosed wherein the film or paper is developed in a first developer and only two emulsion layers given reversal exposure. The four emulsions are then developed to three opposite tonal gradations in the three subtractive primary colors, thereby producing a false color image.

Abstract: Photographic panchromatic black-and-white silver halide recording material having two silver halide emulsion layers wherein a layer, called hereinafter first layer, has a panchromatic sensitivity and another layer, called hereinafter second layer, has a blue sensitivity, which is, when determined on comparable wedge images, at density 0.3 at least 0.6 log I.t units higher than its separately considered green and red sensitivity, wherein for the determination of the sensitivities a blue filter, a green filter, and a red filter as characterized in FIG. 1 are used, both said layers having a substantially identical threshold sensitivity to blue light and the spectral sensitivity of this material at 650 nm being at least 0.8 powers of ten lower than at 620 nm, the sensitivity beyond 650 nm diminishing even further.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process of forming a photographic element capable of forming a reversal image including a support and two silver halide emulsion layers primarily responsive to a different portion of the visible spectrum upon imagewise exposure of the photographic element. The emulsion layers are positioned to permit iodide ion migration therebetween upon development. Each emulsion layer contains silver halide grains capable of forming a latent image upon imagewise exposure and a hydrophillic colloid suspending the grains. One of the emulsion layers is comprised of silver haloiodide grains. One other of the silver halide emulsion layers additionally contains suspended in the hydrophilic colloid and interspersed with the latent image forming silver halide grains surface fogged silver halide grains which are spontaneously developable independently of imagewise exposure of the photographic element as though exposed to imaging radiation of maximum intensity.

Abstract: An improved silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having coated thereon at least one photographic emulsion layer containing a dicarbocyanine dye having two heterocyclic nuclei which are 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing nuclei and which are connected to each other at the carbon atom in the 2- or 4-position thereof through a pentamethine chain, which can be substituted in the meso-position, a nitrogen atom of one nitrogen-containing heterocyclic nucleus of said carbocyanine dye being substituted by a sulfo- or carboxy-containing alkyl group, and a nitrogen atom of the other nitrogen-containing heterocyclic nucleus being substituted by an aralkyl group or an aryloxyalkyl group, with the proviso that said aralkyl and aryloxyalkyl groups are not substituted by a sulfo group or a carboxyl group.

Abstract: Silver halide photographic sensitive materials which comprise a surface layer containing acid treated gelatin and alkali treated gelatin, wherein the ratio by weight of the alkali treated gelatin to the acid treated gelatin is about 0.5 to less than about 100%.

Abstract: A multilayer color photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least two silver halide emulsion layer units, each of which is sensitive to radiation of a substantially different wavelength region within the wavelength region of from about 220 nm to about 800 nm and contains a color-forming coupler capable of forming a dye on coupling with an oxidized primary aromatic amine developing agent, with at least one of the emulsion layer units containing an ICC coupler represented by the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein Cp represents a coupler residue; L and M each represents a nitrogen atom or a methine group, V represents a monocyclic or dicyclic aromatic ring of the benzene series, and at least one of L and M represnts a nitrogen atom; which releases a triazole derivative or a diazole derivative on coupling with an oxidized primary aromatic amine developing agent, and with the emulsion layer unit containing the ICC coupler represented by the general formula (I) or another layer

Abstract: A photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide photographic layer and at least one layer containing a styrene-maleic acid copolymer in which about 10 to 70 mol % of the carboxylic acid groups of the styrene-maleic acid copolymer is esterified with a compound represented by the following formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: Films in which the various color gradients are particularly balanced in relationship to each other are prepared from sensitized emulsions prepared separately and then either coated as separate layers or mixed just prior to coating. These films are particularly useful as color separation negatives where machine processing is used and where identical processing conditions for each color record are desirable.

Abstract: A photographic element is disclosed comprised of a support and, coated on the support, at least one radiation-sensitive layer. The radiation-sensitive layer contains silver halide grains including a spectral sensitizer adsorbed on the surface thereof and, intimately admixed therewith, silver halide grains free of surface spectral sensitization and having a particle size in the range of 0.15 to 0.8 micron in diameter. The photographic element exhibits improved speed without a concurrent increase in graininess.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material having at least one hydrophilic layer to be dyed and containing, in a hydrophilic layer to be dyed, a dye represented by the following general formula (I): ##EQU1## wherein R represents an alkyl group or an alkenyl group; A represents an imino group (--NH--); Y represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; Q represents an aryl group substituted with at least one of a sulfo group, a sulfoalkyl group and a carboxy group; L represents a methine group; n represents an integer of 0 to 1, and m and p each represents an integer of 0, 1 or 2; a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing at least one spectrally sensitized silver halide emulsion layer and in at least one hydrophilic layer to be dyed of the photographic light-sensitive material, at least one dye represented by general formula (I) as set forth above; and a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing at least three silver halide emulsion layers having different spec

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion containing, in supersensitizing amounts, at least one sensitizing dye represented by the following general formula (I) ##EQU1## wherein Z.sub.11 represents the atoms necessary to complete a pyridine nucleus or a quinoline nucleus; Z.sub.12 represents the atoms necessary to complete an oxazole nucleus, a benzoxazole nucleus, a naphthoxazole nucleus, an imidazole nucleus, a benzimidazole nucleus or a naphthoimidazole nucleus; and R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 each represents an aliphatic group with at least one of R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 having a carboxy or sulfo group; and at least one sensitizing dye represented by the following general formula (II) ##EQU2## wherein Z.sub.21 and Z.sub.22, which can be the same or different, each represents the atoms necessary to complete a thiazole nucleus, a benzothiazole nucleus, a selenazole nucleus or a benzoselenazole nucleus; and R.sub.21 and R.sub.22 each represents an aliphatic group with at least one of R.sub.21 and R.sub.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion containing, in supersensitizing amounts, at least one sensitizing dye represented by the following general formula (I) ##EQU1## wherein Z.sub.11 represents the atoms necessary to complete a thiazole nucleus, a selenazole nucleus, a benzothiazole nucleus, a benzoselenazole nucleus, a naphthothiazole nucleus or a naphthoselenazole nucleus; Z.sub.12 represents the atoms necessary to complete a naphthothiazole nucleus, or a naphthoselenazole nucleus; and R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 each represents an aliphatic group with at least one of R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 having a carboxy or sulfo group; and at least one sensitizing dye represented by the following general formula (II) ##EQU2## wherein Z.sub.21 represents the atoms necessary to complete a thiazole nucleus, a benzothiazole nucleus, a naphthothiazole nucleus, a selenazole nucleus, a benzoselenazole nucleus or a naphthoselenazole nucleus; Z.sub.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion containing, in supersensitizing amounts, at least one sensitizing dye represented by the following General Formula (I): ##EQU1## in which Z.sub.11 represents an atomic group necessary for completing a pyridine or quinoline nucleus; Z.sub.12 represents an atomic group necessary for completing an oxazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, imidazole, benzimidazole or naphthimidazole nucleus; and R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 each represents an aliphatic group and at least one of R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 is an aliphatic group containing a carboxy group or a sulfo group; and at least one sensitizing dye represented by the following General Formula (II): ##EQU2## in which Z.sub.21 represents an atomic group necessary for completing a thiazole, benzothiazole, naphthothiazole, selenazole, benzoselenazole or naphthoselenazole nucleus; Z.sub.22 represents an atomic group necessary for completing an imidazole, benzimidazole or naphthimidazole nucleus; an R.sub.21 and R.sub.

Abstract: Negative continuous-tone images or continuous-tone separation records having standardized contrast are produced from originals which are differing in contrast by means of a photograhic material the silver halide emulsion of which has a characteristic curve with a sagging course defined below, whereby the part of characteristic curve which is utilized for the production of the continuous-tone negative depends on the contrast of the original.

Abstract: A photographic multilayer direct-positive silver halide element is provided comprising at least two direct-positive fogged silver halide emulsion layers the undermost emulsion layer comprising one or more non-spectrally sensitizing electron acceptors and the uppermost emulsion layer comprising one or more electron-acceptors at least one of which is a spectrally sensitizing electron acceptor. The direct-positive element has reduced gradation and extended exposure latitude.

Abstract: Equidensity images can be produced by imagewise exposure and photographic processing of a photographic material containing at least two silver salt emulsions which may be arranged in one layer as a mixture or in two layers, wherein one silver salt emulsion is a fogged direct positive emulsion and the other is a negative emulsion.