Abstract: A degassing system is provided and includes a module for conditioning a liquid to be analyzed. The module includes a container holding a liquid, a degassing chamber, and a holder for the liquid container mounted on top of the degassing chamber. The holder provides stability to the module and contains any liquid spills. In another embodiment, the system includes an autosampler in conjunction with a degassing unit which includes a degassing chamber, a vacuum pump, and tubing for conducting liquid through the degassing chamber, which tubing is permeable to gases in the liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus for effective vacuum degassing of a liquid is provided for liquid chromatography applications. The liquid to be degassed is heated in the vacuum chamber by a radiator of electromagnetic energy, in one embodiment, or is heated before it enters the vacuum chamber. The liquid may also be agitated while in the vacuum chamber. In a preferred form, the vacuum degassing unit includes a vacuum chamber including a vacuum pump for creating a vacuum therein, a source of liquid, and gas permeable tubing for conducting the liquid through said vacuum chamber. The tubing includes first and second larger diameter blocks having at least one hole therein interconnected by at least one length of small diameter tube to form a leak-tight seal therewith.

Abstract: The present invention describes a passive membrane degasser device in which solid chunks of photographic materials (15) are pumped past a hydrophobic membrane (10). Air from in between the chunks is forced through the membrane by pump pressure including a screw auger (11) and a vacuum (12) on the outer side of the membrane. The solid chunks of photographic material (15) are then transferred to a liquefier where conventional ultrasonic deaeration is performed. This device causes no sensitometric problems and permits using a continuous liquefaction system without the use of a centrifugal vacuum degasser.

Abstract: A diaphragm for gas-liquid contact comprising a membrane having two surfaces, at least one surface of the membrane is hydrophilic and surfaces of micropores present in the membrane are hydrophobic. The diaphragm is used in contact apparatus in which a liquid is contacted with the hydrophilic surface of the membrane and a gas is contacted with the other surface. The diaphragm is used in a process for producing a liquid containing a gas dissolved therein, which comprises introducing a liquid into contact with the hydrophilic surface of the membrane and a gas into contact with the other surface of the membrane and having the gas pass through the membrane and dissolve in the liquid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are set forth for enhancing the concentration of oxides of nitrogen in the preferred embodiment. A permeable membrane is formed into a tube placed in a container. A sample containing bound nitrogen in placed in a container in contact with the tube. A carrier gas is swept through the tube in contact with the wall of the tube. This enables hydrophobic gases such as oxides of nitrogen to migrate through the wall of the tube and they are swept into a detection system. If desired, they can be permitted to accumulate in the wall for an interval and the carrier gas can be switched from off to on to achieve peak concentration for delivery to a bound nitrogen analytical device. Other hydrophobic gases such as oxides of sulfur can likewise be identified by sulfur analyzer. This enables an increase in trace concentration.

Abstract: A reagentless separator for removal of hydrolyzed species such as bicarbonate or carbonate to free or dissolved acid gases from a solution comprises a flow-through solid-phase acid bed through which the solution is passed for decreasing the pH of the solution and thus converting the hydrolyzed species into a free or dissolved acid gases. The converted hydrolyzed species is then separated from the solution by a gas permeable membrane degasser having an acid gas permeable membrane across which a partial pressure gradient is established. The solution may be an aqueous solution containing CO.sub.2 or any other hydrolyzed gas. The dissolved acid gas separator will be especially useful on space craft missions where water must be recycled.

Abstract: Filterable liquid media are continuously filtered by circulating same in a closed circulation loop, to and tangentially through a filtration module provided therealong which confines at least one filtration membrane, e.g., a microfiltration, ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis membrane, and which includes a permeate outlet, and by adjusting the flowrate but not the driving pressure of circulating liquid medium, notably by means of an apertured and perforated rotating disc, as to establish a non-steady periodic pseudophysiological flow thereof, at least over the working face surfaces of the at least one membrane.

Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane fluid treatment apparatus for the transfer of mass or energy through the membrane is disclosed. It is designed particularly, but not only, for use in membrane oxygenators. Hollow fiber membranes extend substantially longitudinally, first inert fibers are spaced between them and also extend substantially longitudinally. Second inert fibers extend generally transverse to the hollow fibers and generally contiguous therewith, so that a first fluid (preferably an oxygen-containing gas) can pass through the hollow fibers and a second fluid (preferably blood) can be passed over their exterior for mass or energy transfer through the membrane.

Abstract: A hollow fiber blood oxygenator is provided having a plurality of enclosed, coaxial heat exchanger coils, having a common header to insure uniform temperature in the coils. An enclosed fiber bundle is concentrically positioned inside the heat exchanger coils to define a flow path around the coils and through the fiber bundle. The heat exchanger coils and the outside of the fiber bundle are tapered to provide a close fit. Gas manifolds direct gas flow to and from the hollow fibers.

Abstract: In order to increase the contrast of a picture such as an X-ray picture over a selected range of densities, a negative transparency of the original picture of selected density value at one end of the selected range and a positive transparency of the original picture at the other end of the selected range are superimposed to form a transparency sandwich and the image produced by illuminating such a transparency sandwich is photographed or displayed. A number of selected density ranges may be superimposed on a single display by making a respective transparency sandwich for each range in a different color and superimposing such transparency sandwiches.

Abstract: A photograph of an object is made on color film in a conventional manner. Then the object is back-lighted only to silhouette it and a second photograph is made using the same film. The two films are developed simultaneously so as to subject them to identical processing conditions. Using the photograph taken while the object was back-lighted, a contact exposure is made on a high contrast film to produce a negative. After development of this negative, it and the initial, front-lighted, photograph of the object are employed on a scanner to produce the color separations for printing purposes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of masked subtractive positive color images in accordance with the silver dye bleach process. In the material to be processedA. a silver halide emulsion layer consisting at least partially of silver iodide is allocated to the dyestuff, of which the undesired parasitic color density is to be compensated,B. in a further layer, at least one second dyestuff, of which the main color density corresponds to a parasitic color density, requiring compensation, of the first dyestuff, and a silver halide emulsion free from iodide ions, are present,C. a further layer, which is adjacent to that containing the second dyestuff, contains colloidal nuclei which are capable of depositing metallic silver from soluble silver complexes,D. a separating layer is present between the layer containing the nuclei and the dyestuff layer, of which the parasitic color density is to be compensated.

Abstract: An incorporated-dye image forming coupler type multilayer multicolor photographic material comprising a support having thereon at least two silver halide emulsion layers each of which is sensitive to a different spectral wavelength range, with the silver halide emulsion layer which first receives light at image exposure being positioned so that the light is received through a non-sensitive hydrophilic layer containing a semidiffusible color coupler which forms a dye image having a substantially complimentary color to the sensitive wavelength range of the silver halide emulsion layer first receiving light at image exposure and which has a diffusion coefficient of from about 0.25 to 0.80 as defined by the relationshipdiffusion coefficient = D.sub.B /D.sub.Awherein D.sub.A is the color density formed by the color coupler where the color coupler is present in the same layer as silver halide particles, developed without imagewise exposure, and D.sub.

Abstract: A diffusible-dye releasing type dye consisting of a radical which reacts with an oxidation product of a color developing principal agent in a color development process to yield a substantially colorless compound and a dye residue carrying water-soluble radicals. Its photographic uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A light-sensitive color photographic material comprises four silver halide emulsion layer units, one for recording each of the yellow, magenta and cyan partial images and one which serves as a color correction layer. The latter mentioned silver halide emulsion layer is fogged, has a lower light-sensitivity than the light-sensitive partial image recording layer, and contains color couplers for producing a yellow to magenta masking image to compensate for the undesired side densities in at least two image recording layers.