Abstract: An optical field enhancement device which includes a transparent substrate having a transparent fine uneven structure on a surface and a metal film formed on a surface of the fine uneven structure on the surface of the substrate and allows projection of excitation light and detection of detection light either from a front surface side of the metal film or from a back surface side of the transparent substrate.

Abstract: A method of forming a nano-structure (100?) involves forming a multi-layered structure (10) including an oxidizable material layer (14) established on a substrate (12), and another oxidizable material layer (16) established on the oxidizable material layer (14). The oxidizable material layer (14) is an oxidizable material having an expansion coefficient, during oxidation, that is more than 1. Anodizing the other oxidizable material layer (16) forms a porous anodic structure (16?), and anodizing the oxidizable material layer (14) forms a dense oxidized layer (14?) and nano-pillars (20) which grow through the porous anodic structure (16?) into pores (18) thereof. The porous structure (16?) is selectively removed to expose the nano-pillars (20). A surface (I) between the dense oxidized layer (14?) and a remaining portion of the oxidizable material layer (14) is anodized to consume a substantially cone-shaped portion (32) of the nano-pillars (20) to form cylindrical nano-pillars (20?).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite luminophore comprising an inorganic matrix and an organic fluorescent dye, wherein the inorganic matrix is formed from an inorganic compound, and wherein the organic fluorescent dye has one or more functional groups by means of which the fluorescent dye is incorporated into the inorganic matrix, or is bound chemically thereto. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing such a composite luminophore and to the use thereof.

Abstract: A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and techniques for frequency-dependent optical switching are provided. In one embodiment, a device includes a substrate, a first optical-field confining structure located on the substrate, a second optical-field confining structure located on the substrate, and a composite structure located between the first and second optical-field confining structures. The second optical-field confining structure may be spaced apart from the first optical-field confining structure. The composite structure may include an embedding structure with a surface to receive photons and multiple quantum structures located in the embedding structure.

Abstract: A method for separating labeled cells and a use (of the labeled cells) thereof are provided. More specifically, a method for labeling cells using fluorescent magnetic nanodiamonds, and a method for separating the labeled cells using the labeling method by the fluorescent or magnetic properties of the nanodiamonds are provided.

Abstract: A illumination device comprises a light guide having a first end for receiving light and configured to support propagation of light along the length of the light guide. A turning microstructure is disposed on a first side of the light guide configured to turn light incident on the first side and to direct the light out a second opposite side of the light guide, wherein the turning microstructure comprises a plurality of indentations. A cover is physically coupled to the light guide and disposed over the turning microstructure. An interlayer is between the cover and the light guide, wherein the interlayer physically couples the cover to the light guide. A plurality of open regions is between the interlayer and the plurality of indentations. Various embodiments include methods of coupling the cover to the light guide while preserving open regions between the cover and plurality of indentations.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a yellow pigment composition which contains at least one kind of yellow pigment microparticle having excellent transmission characteristics; and a method for producing the yellow pigment microparticle. Specifically disclosed are: a yellow pigment composition which contains at least one kind of yellow pigment microparticle that are characterized in that the difference between the maximum transmittance (Tmax) and the minimum transmittance (Tmin), namely (Tmax?Tmin) is 80% or more in the transmission spectrum at 350-800 nm; and a method for producing the yellow pigment microparticle.

Abstract: A semiconductor nanocrystal capable of emitting blue light upon excitation. Also disclosed are devices, populations of semiconductor nanocrystals, and compositions including a semiconductor nanocrystal capable of emitting blue light upon excitation. In one embodiment, a semiconductor nanocrystal capable of emitting blue light including a maximum peak emission at a wavelength not greater than about 470 nm with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency greater than about 65% upon excitation. In another embodiment, a semiconductor nanocrystal includes a core comprising a first semiconductor material comprising at least three chemical elements and a shell disposed over at least a portion of the core, the shell comprising a second semiconductor material, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal is capable of emitting blue light with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency greater than about 65% upon excitation.

Abstract: A semiconductor nanocrystal including a core comprising a first semiconductor material comprising at least three chemical elements and a shell disposed over at least a portion of the core, the shell comprising a second semiconductor material, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal is capable of emitting light with an improved photoluminescence quantum efficiency. Also disclosed are populations of semiconductor nanocrystals, compositions and devices including a semiconductor nanocrystal capable of emitting light with an improved photoluminescence quantum efficiency. In one embodiment, a semiconductor nanocrystal includes a core comprising a first semiconductor material comprising at least three chemical elements and a shell disposed over at least a portion of the core, the shell comprising a second semiconductor material, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal is capable of emitting light upon excitation with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency greater than about 65%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photorefractive hybrid cell including a window and a gain media disposed adjacent the window. The gain media includes nanoparticles therein. The window includes a material that forms a space-charge field. The gain media includes a material having refractive index properties that depend on an electric field. The nanoparticles include a material which responds orientationally to the presence of an electric or magnetic field.

Abstract: A light emitting device having a vertical structure and a method for manufacturing the same, which are capable of increasing light extraction efficiency, are disclosed. The method includes forming a light extraction layer on a substrate, forming a plurality of semiconductor layers on the light extraction layer, forming a first electrode on the semiconductor layers, forming a support layer on the first electrode, removing the substrate, and forming a second electrode on a surface from which the substrate is removed.

Abstract: The present invention provides polymeric materials arranged as photonic crystals, or portions of photonic crystals, having properties which can be easily tuned over a large range of wavelengths upon exposure to an external stimulus. In some embodiments, the photonic crystals comprise at least one portion which can undergo a change in a physical, chemical, dielectric, or other property upon exposure to an altering stimulus, resulting in a change in a diffracted wavelength of electromagnetic radiation (e.g, light) by the photonic crystal. Embodiments of the invention may advantageously exhibit large stop band tunability and rapid response times. Photonic crystals of the invention may be useful in a wide variety of applications, such as colorimetric sensors, active components of simple display devices, electrically controlled tunable optically pumped laser, photonic switches, multiband filters, and the like.

Abstract: A metal ion sensor is provided. The metal ion sensor includes a nanoparticle core doped with a first luminescent material and a shell enclosing the nanoparticle core. The shell includes a second luminescent material and binding sites of outer metal ions. The first luminescent material and the second luminescent material emit light with mutually different colors when excited by an excitation source. The luminescence intensity of the light emitted from the second luminescent material varies in accordance with the binding amount of the outer metal ions, such that the emission color of the combined luminescence of the first luminescent material and the second luminescent material is changed.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a bistable photonic crystal. The photonic crystal has a plurality of voids. Each surface of void has a hydrophobic film. When the photonic crystal is immersed in a predetermined liquid, the photonic crystal has a first stable state and a second stable state. Wherein, the first stable state is to fill the plurality of voids with the predetermined liquid, and the second stable state is to exclude the predetermined liquid from the plurality of voids. Owing to the energy barrier between the first and second stable states, the photonic crystal can remain at either of the two states without external power consumption.

Abstract: There is provided an optical limiter device for protecting an object from incident light having a wavelength in the visible, infrared or ultraviolet spectrum. The device comprises a plurality of nanoparticles of a metallic material including free electrons that undergo collective oscillations when exposed to the incident light. The plurality of nanoparticles of the metallic material include a plurality of nanoparticles of a non-spherical particle geometry, which may include a geometry having a plurality of sharp protrusions on a spherical body. The metallic material may include gold, silver, aluminum, indium or copper. The device further comprises a structurally rigid transparent medium in which the plurality of nanoparticles of the metallic material are embedded; and a mechanical support mounting the transparent medium between the incident light and the object.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel fluorinated compound, a composition comprising the same, and a method for manufacturing a film by using the same, and more particularly a novel compound having a structure in which one or more fluorine and acrylate-based functional groups are substituted in a silane core, a composition comprising the compound and photoinitiator, and a method for manufacturing a film by using the same. If the composition comprising the compound according to the present invention is used, it is possible to manufacture a film in which a refractive index is low, reflectivity is reduced, and transmissivity is increased.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical modulator with the Mach-Zender type is disclosed. The optical modulator of the invention cab driven by a single phase signal and reduce the chirping of the modulated light. Two waveguides of the Mach-Zender modulator each including an active layer showing the exciton resonance in the refractive index are connected with a resistor. The driving signal is applied to one of the waveguides, while, the signal is applied to the other waveguide through the resistor where the other waveguide is grounded through a resistor. Adjusting the resistance of two resistors and the amplitude of the applied signal, the Mach-Zender modulator shows a substantial modulation degree with substantially no chirping characteristic.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing luminescent semiconductor nanoparticles composed of a first component X, a second component A, and a third component B, wherein X, A, and B are different, by combining B with X and A in an amount such that the molar ratio B:(A+B) is in the range of approximately 0.001 to 0.20 and the molar ratio X:(A+B) is in the range of approximately 0.5:1.0 to 2:1. The characteristics of the thus-prepared nanoparticles can be substantially similar to those of nanoparticles containing only X and B while maintaining many useful properties characteristic of nanoparticles containing only X and A. The nanoparticles so prepared can additionally exhibit emergent properties such as a peak emission energy less than that characteristic of a particle composed of XA or XB alone; this method is particularly applicable to the preparation of stable, bright nanoparticles that emit in the red to infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Abstract: An optical filter and a method for fabricating an optical filter with a wide tuning range and a structure subject to miniaturization. The optical filter includes a bottom and a top dielectric layer with a stripe or film of metal between the dielectric layers which have dissimilar refractive index dispersion. The stripe of metal functions as a waveguide supporting a long-range surface plasmon polariton mode which will be achieved at wavelengths for which the refractive indices of the dielectric layers are the same thereby providing a bandpass filter. Furthermore, one of the dielectric layers is made of a material that allows its refractive index to be tuned, such as by changing its applied voltage or temperature. By tuning the refractive index of the dielectric layer, the wavelength at which the refractive indices of the dielectric layers match changes thereby effectively tuning the optical filter.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system, method, and kit for visualizing a nucleus are disclosed. A tissue sample is pretreated with a protease to permeabilize the nucleus, and then incubated with a nanoparticle/DNA-binding moiety conjugate. The DNA-binding moiety includes at least one DNA-binding molecule. The conjugate binds to DNA within the nucleus, and the nanoparticle is visualized, thereby visualizing the nucleus. Computer and image analysis techniques are used to evaluate nuclear features such as chromosomal distribution, ploidy, shape, size, texture features, and/or contextual features. The method may be used in combination with other multiplexed tests on the tissue sample, including fluorescence in situ hybridization. Kits for performing the method include a protease enzyme composition, a nanoparticle/DNA-binding moiety conjugate, and a reaction buffer.

Abstract: A security document is disclosed which includes an electrical circuit embedded in a document substrate, where the electrical circuit includes a power source with at least one electroactive polymer power generator, and an optical display including at least one electroluminescent display element and at least one nanohole array which forms a layer of the electroluminescent display element. A method of authenticating a security document is also disclosed, the method including illuminating an encoded nanohole array in the security document with a focused light beam or laser light source emitting at least one defined wavelength of incident light, detecting a transmitted portion of the incident light transmitted through the nanohole array with an optoelectronic sensor, analyzing at least one wavelength of the transmitted portion of light to produce a detected signal, and comparing the detected signal with an authentication signal to authenticate the security document.

Abstract: Labels and methods of producing labels for use in clinical, analytical and pharmaceutical development assays are provided. Labels may comprise shape-encoded particles which may be coupled to ligands such as DNA, RNA and antibodies, where different shapes are used to identify which ligand(s) are present. Labels may also comprise reflectors, including retroreflectors and retroreflectors susceptible to analyte-dependent assembly for efficient homogeneous assays.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions having at least one asymmetrically functionalized nanoparticle. An asymmetrically functionalized nanoparticle can comprise a nanoparticle core having an outer surface, a primary group of first ligands attached to a substantially continuous primary region of the outer surface, and a secondary group of second ligands attached to a substantially continuous secondary region of the outer surface, such that the primary group of first ligands and the secondary group of second ligands comprise a different ligand population.

Abstract: To provide near-infrared-absorbing particles which have a high transmittance in the visible light region and a low transmittance in the near infrared region and which, when incorporated, can give a near-infrared-absorbing coating film wherein the transmittance sharply changes in the wavelength range of from 630 to 700 nm; a process for their production; and their dispersion. Near-infrared-absorbing particles consisting essentially of crystallites of A1/nCuPO4 and having a number average aggregated particle size is from 20 to 200 nm, wherein A is at least one member selected from the group consisting of alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs), alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) and NH4, and n is 1 when A is an alkali metal or NH4, or 2 when A is an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: Nanoparticles having a core/shell structure consisting of a core comprising a Group III element and a Group V element at a molar ratio of the Group III element to the Group V element in the range of 1.25 to 3.0, and a shell comprising a Group II element and a Group VI element and having a thickness of 0.2 nm to 4 nm, the nanoparticles having a photoluminescence efficiency of 10% or more and a diameter of 2.5 to 10 nm; a method of producing the water-dispersible nanoparticles and a method of producing a glass matrix having the nanoparticles dispersed therein.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to immunizing agents and devices.

Abstract: Photonic nanostructures, light absorbing apparatuses, and devices are provided. The photonic nanostructures include a plurality of photonic nanobars configured to collectively absorb light over an excitation wavelength range. At least two of the photonic nanobars of the plurality have lengths that are different from one another. Each photonic nanobar of the plurality has a substantially small width and a substantially small height relative to the different lengths. A method for forming such may comprise forming a plurality of first photonic nanobars comprising a width and a height that are smaller than a length of the plurality of first photonic nanobars, and forming a plurality of second photonic nanobars comprising a width and a height that are smaller than a length of the second photonic nanobar, wherein the lengths of the plurality of first photonic nanobars and the lengths of the plurality of second photonic nanobars are different from one another.

Abstract: An imaging optical system has a plurality of mirrors, which image an object field in an object plane into an image field in an image plane. A reflection face of at least one of the mirrors is configured as a free form face which cannot be described by a rotationally symmetrical function. The object field has an aspect ratio greater than 1. A ratio of a minimal and a maximal transverse dimension of the object field can be less than 0.9.

Abstract: There is provided an organosol of surface-modified fluoride colloid particles obtained by coating the surface of a fluoride colloid particle as a core with an organophosphorus compound and a method for producing the organosol. An organosol of a surface-modified fluoride colloid particle comprising: a fluoride colloid particle as a core; and at least one type of an organophosphorus compound selected from a group consisting of organophosphorus compounds represented by the following general formula (1), (2), and (3): (R—O)nP(?O)(OM)3-n??(1) (R—O)nP(OM)3-n??(2) (R)nP(?O)(OM)3-n??(3) where R represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, alkenyl group or aryl group, M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal or NZ4 (Z represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group); and n represents an integer of 1 or 2, the organophosphorus compound coating a surface of the fluoride colloid particle.

Abstract: Light-emitting quantum dot films, quantum dot lighting devices, and quantum dot-based backlight units are provided. Related compositions, components, and methods are also described. Improved quantum dot encapsulation and matrix materials are provided. Quantum dot films with protective barriers are described. High-efficiency, high brightness, and high-color purity quantum dot-based lighting devices are also included, as well as methods for improving efficiency and optical characteristics in quantum dot-based lighting devices.

Abstract: A shaped article comprising a plurality of semiconductor nanocrystals. Devices incorporating shaped articles are also provided. Methods of manufacturing shaped articles by various molding processes are also provided.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter can include or consist of the creation and manufacture of electrochromic thin film transistors, either self-sustaining or not, with lateral or vertical structure, deposited on any kind of functionalized substrate, referred to as electrochromic substrate, or non-functionalized substrate. The electrolyte material and the presence or not of an ultra-thin membrane can act as dielectric element. The electrochromic material can act as active semiconductor of the channel region. The gate, source and drain electrodes can be based on metal materials, such as Titanium, Gold, Aluminium, or degenerate semiconductive oxides, like Indium and Zinc oxide, Gallium-doped Zinc oxide. The device operation control process can be made by means of electronic and ionic current, and the off-state to on-state switch, or vice-versa, can be followed by a change of colour of the device.

Abstract: An optical device suitable for forming a pixel in a video display. The optical device includes a first layer having a first refractive index; a second layer over the first layer, the second layer having a second refractive index less than the first refractive index; and a third layer over the second layer, the third layer having a third refractive index larger than the second refractive index; and a fourth layer that is at least partially optically absorptive, wherein the optical stack and the fourth layer are a first distance from one another when the device is in a first state and are a second distance from one another when the device is in a second state, the first distance different from the second distance.

Abstract: Methods and sensors for detecting the presence and/or concentration of an analyte are disclosed. In one aspect, a sensing element for use in a sensor is disclosed. The sensing element comprises a resonant cavity device configured to emit optical radiation at an initial power level, a sensing layer exhibiting an initial refractive index, and a detector. The sensing layer is configured to absorb or adsorb an analyte and, in response to absorbing or adsorbing the analyte, exhibit a modified refractive index that differs from the initial refractive index. The resonant cavity device is further configured to, in response to the sensing layer absorbing or adsorbing the analyte, emit optical radiation at a modified power level based on the modified refractive index. The detector is configured to detect the modified power level.

Abstract: An optical fiber probe includes an optical fiber, a carbon nanotube film structure, and a number of metallic particles. The optical fiber includes a detecting end. The carbon nanotube film structure is located on a surface of the detecting end. The carbon nanotube film structure includes a number of carbon nanotubes joined by van der Waals attractive force therebetween. The metallic particles are located on outer surfaces of the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention described herein include metamaterials that exhibit negative permittivity and negative permeability at optical frequencies, methods for preparing such materials, and devices prepared from same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture of triblock polymer ligands (30) and nanoparticle complexes (80). The nanoparticle complexes (80) comprise a capped nanoparticle (10) and the triblock polymer ligand (30). The triblock polymer ligand (30) consists of a binding polymer (40), a hydrophobic polymer (50) and a hydrophilic functionalisable polymer (60). The binding polymer (40) attaches to the capped nanoparticle (10).

Abstract: A holographic mirror 10 for re-directing an optical signal that includes a base 14 having an outer surface 16, and a plurality of discrete nano-structures 12 formed into the outer surface of the base. Each nano-structure has an out-of-plane dimension 20 that is within an order of magnitude of one or both in-plane dimensions 22. The plurality of nano-structures are configured in a repeating pattern with a predetermined spacing 18 between nano-structures for re-directing an optical signal.

Abstract: A projection display surface for reducing speckle artifacts from a projector having at least one narrow band light source having an incident visible wavelength band, wherein the incident visible wavelength band has an incident peak wavelength and an incident bandwidth, comprising: a substrate having a reflective layer that reflects incident light over at least the incident visible wavelength band; and a fluorescent agent distributed over the reflective layer, wherein the fluorescent agent absorbs a fraction of the light in the incident visible wavelength band and emits light in an emissive visible wavelength band having an emissive peak wavelength and an emissive bandwidth; wherein return light from the projection display surface produced when incident light in the incident visible wavelength band is incident on the projection display surface contains light in both the incident visible wavelength band and emissive visible wavelength band, thereby reducing speckle artifacts.

Abstract: A solid solution-based optical material capable of transmitting infrared light, the solid solution-based optical material comprising at least two nano-sized phases intermixed in one another, wherein at least one of the at least two nano-sized phases is a solid solution containing a dissolved dopant, the dissolved dopant present in an amount sufficient to reduce a refractive index difference between the at least two nano-sized phases to about 0.2 or less when infrared light is being transmitted. Various embodiments are directed to related systems and methods. In one embodiment, the infrared light is visible infrared light, short-wave infrared light, eye safe infrared light, medium wave infrared light, long wave infrared red light, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A projection apparatus for producing color images having reduced speckle artifacts comprising: at least three narrow band light sources having first, second and third visible wavelength bands; a digital image source providing color digital image data; at least one spatial light modulator for forming a color image using light responsive to the color digital image data; a projection display surface including a reflective layer that reflects incident illumination in the first, second, and third wavelength bands; and a fluorescent agent that absorbs a fraction of the incident light in the first visible wavelength bands and emits light in a corresponding first emissive visible wavelength band; and a projection lens that projects the color image onto the projection display surface; wherein return light from the projection display surface contains light in both the first incident visible wavelength band and the first emissive visible wavelength band, thereby reducing speckle artifacts.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for the detection of red blood cells antigens. The methods and compositions are based on antibodies, serving as primary antibodies or secondary antibodies, that are labeled with a rare-earth based crystal. Methods utilizing antibodies labeled with a rare-earth based crystal enhance the efficiency and accuracy of blood compatability tests and red blood cells phenotyping.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for making water-soluble nanoparticles comprising a core/shell nanocrystal that is coated with a surface layer comprising enough hydrophilic ligands to render the nanoparticle water soluble or water dispersable. Methods for crosslinking molecules on the surface of a nanoparticle, which methods can be used on the above water-soluble nanoparticles also are provided. Nanoparticle compositions resulting from these methods are also provided.

Abstract: A bio-sensing system comprises a light source, a bio-sensing apparatus, a detecting platform, and a processing unit. A bio-sensing apparatus further comprising a substrate, a sample with at least one analyte, at least one grating bound on the substrate for diffracting a light beam in a reflection mode and outputting at least one output light beam, a plurality of nanoparticles being bound on one side of the grating, a molecular recognition unit bound on said nanoparticle surface, and a cover plate covering the nanoparticle-modified side of the substrate. The detecting platform receives a signal while the at least one output light beam passing through the bio-sensing apparatus. The processing unit couples with the detecting platform for receiving and analyzing the signal.

Abstract: A centrifugal micro-fluidic device and an immunoassay method using the same are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides methods to detect molecular recognition events. The invention also provides methods to detect the presence of or identify a target species based on its interaction with one or more probe species. The methods of the invention are based on amplification of the signal due to each molecular recognition event. The amplification is achieved through photopolymerization, with the polymer formed being associated with the molecular recognition event. In one aspect, a fluorescent polymer, a magnetic polymer, a radioactive polymer or an electrically conducting polymer can form the basis of detection and amplification. In another aspect, a polymer gel swollen with a fluorescent solution, a magnetic solution, a radioactive solution or an electrically conducting solution can form the basis of detection and amplification. In another aspect, detectable particles can be included in the polymer formed. In another aspect, sufficient polymer forms to be detectable by visual inspection.

Abstract: Certain disclosed embodiments of the present invention concern the synthesis, derivatization, conjugation to immunoglobulins and signal amplification based on discrete, relatively short polymers having plural reactive functional groups that react with plural molecules of interest. Reactive functional groups, such as hydrazides, may be derivatized with a variety of detectable labels, particularly haptens. The remaining reactive functional groups may be conjugated directly to a specific binding molecule, such as to the oxidized carbohydrate of the Fc region of the antibody. Disclosed conjugates display large signal amplification as compared to those based on molecules derivatized with single haptens, and are useful for assay methods, particularly multiplexed assays.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for labeling biological targets using a conjugate of a luminescent component and a targeting molecule attached to a nanoparticle core structure are described. The labeling conjugates offer high intensity and low background, and are ideal for histology and pathology.

Abstract: Disclosed are a nanogap device for field enhancement, which includes: a film made of an electrically conductive material; and a nanogap formed on the film and having a gap-width between a Thomas-Fermi screening length and a skin depth, the Thomas-Fermi screening length and the skin depth being determined by an electromagnetic wave and the electrically conductive material, and system for nanoparticle detection using the same.