Abstract: The present invention provides phosphonate conjugates and methods of preparing the phosphonate conjugates so as to allow, for example, improved methods and compounds for modifying the surface of a nanoparticle to increase in vivo circulation times and targeted delivery performance.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method for obtaining solid micro- or nanoparticles with a homogeneous structure. A method is provided for obtaining solid micro- or nanoparticles with a homogeneous structure having a particle size of less than 10 ?m where the processed solid compound has the natural, crystalline, amorphous, polymorphic and other features associated with the starting compound. In accordance with the invention a method which also makes it possible to obtain solid micro- or nanoparticles with a substantially spheroidal morphology is provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a composition having antimicrobial activity comprising particles comprising at least one inorganic copper salt; and at least one functionalizing agent in contact with the particles, the functionalizing agent stabilizing the particle in a carrier such that an antimicrobially effective amount of ions are released into the environment of a microbe. The average size of the particles ranges from about 1000 nm to about 4 nm. Preferred copper salts include copper iodide, copper bromide and copper chloride. Preferred functionalizing agents include amino acids, thiols, hydrophilic polymers emulsions of hydrophobic polymers and surfactants.

Abstract: The disclosure provides elongated nanostructures useful for biological imaging and measurement. More particularly the disclosure provides nanoworms having an increased bioavailability compared to nanospheres.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to detecting biological molecules with ultra-sensitivity and convenience. The embodiments are especially directed to utilizing nanoparticles as tags and identifying the tags using dark-field microscopy. The probes containing the nanoparticles can be used in solution or attached to a substrate.

Abstract: An active contact lens system (100) and method for fabricating an active contact lens (200) are disclosed. The system comprises an active contact lens (110) worn like a conventional contact lens, and comprising a transparent substrate (112) having a circuit formed of one or more of a semi-transparent display (114), a display drive circuit (116), a data communications circuit (118), one or more biosensors (122), an energy transfer antenna (120) and an interconnect network (124). The substrate may be a conventional contact lens material, such as PMMA or RGP, and the display may be formed from a plurality LEDs. A method for fabricating the active contact lens includes fabricating the template (202), forming solder compatible pads (204), assembling the circuit elements (206) and micro-molding the lens (208). The template is fabricated with an interconnect network and shape-specific recesses for receiving the circuit elements. Preferably, the assembly is done using fluidic self-assembly.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a sunscreen formulation comprising a peptide-based metal oxide sunscreen agent, such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and a fluid vehicle.

Abstract: An apparatus for transverse characterization of materials includes a lower pattern of contacts, separated by spacings, a material, and an upper pattern of a multiplicity of contacts, separated by spacings differing from the spacings of the lower pattern. The transverse characterization method includes receiving lower pattern of a multiplicity of contacts, separated by spacings along a surface, with a material above the surface, successively placing an upper contact near the upper surface of the material in an upper pattern of locations separated by spacings differing from the spacings of the lower pattern, measuring the characteristics between the upper contact and one or more contacts of the lower pattern and evaluating the measured characteristics to previous measurements, wherein the evaluation provides the transverse characterization.