Abstract: Provided is an optical pickup device that suppresses a fluctuation of a tracking error signal caused by stray light when recording/reproducing information on/from an optical disc including a plurality of recording layers and attains size reduction. It includes a laser diode emitting laser light of about 405 nm in wavelength, an objective lens irradiating the optical disc with an optical beam emitted from the laser diode and having a numerical aperture of about 0.85, and a detector including a detection part receiving the optical beam reflected from the optical disc. An optical magnification from the optical disc to the detector is set within a range from about 10× to 15×.

Abstract: Provided is an optical recording medium, including a plurality of tracks on each of which small record carriers are arranged in a wobbling manner, each of the small record carriers storing a recording state by modulation according to light irradiation, wherein the tracks are arranged adjacent to each other in a tracking direction which is a direction orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the tracks, and there is a reflectance difference between a forming portion and a non-forming portion of the small record carrier in both of a recording state and a non-recording state of the small record carrier.

Abstract: An optical disc drive and a method of reading an optical disc are disclosed. The drive includes an I/O port, an optical pickup module and a format conversion unit. The I/O port couples a host to receive a read command of a host terminal file system format. The optical pickup module accesses the optical disc which contains data of a first file system format. The format conversion unit coupled between the I/O port and the optical pickup module includes a mapping information generation module, a memory module and a read-command processing module. The mapping information generation module controls the optical pickup module to access data and thereby to generate mapping information. The memory module stores the mapping information. The read-command processing module controls the optical pickup module to access the optical disc according to the read command by referring to the mapping information.

Abstract: Disclosed are media recording/reproducing method and device in which recording stop due to over retrials during replacement process and wasteful conversion processing in the recording/reproducing device are suppressed when a method of managing the spare area of a write-once medium by the use of an NAP is employed to manage the spare area of a rewritable medium. During format or replacement process of the medium, the NAP is so updated that defective blocks registered as unusable clusters or as usable cluster type 2 within DFL entries in the spare area are not shown.

Abstract: Obtain an expanded address without altering the bit number of an address which is embedded in a wobble. Generate a virtual bit which is not recorded on a disc, and which is expressed by the disparity from the rules and the presence or absence of information embedded in part or all of the wobble address.

Abstract: Obtain an expanded address without altering the bit number of an address which is embedded in a wobble. Generate a virtual bit which is not recorded on a disc, and which is expressed by the disparity from the rules and the presence or absence of information embedded in part or all of the wobble address.

Abstract: An optical pick-up head module includes a base, an optical pick-up head adjusting mechanism, two guiding rods, a spring and an optical pick-up head slidably disposed on the guiding rods. The optical pick-up head adjusting mechanism includes a protrusion, a pillar and an adjusting element. The protrusion connected to the base has a sliding slot. The pillar having first and second flat surfaces is slidably disposed in the sliding slot. The first flat surface contacts an inner wall of the sliding slot. The adjusting element is screwed on the base. The spring disposed on the base pushes the pillar to contact the adjusting element by the second flat surface. When the adjusting element is rotated, the adjusting element pushes the pillar toward the base.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a pickup head includes a plurality of light sources, a first objective lens, second objective lens, a driving unit, a first control unit, a second control unit, light receiving units. The first objective lens focuses a first light beam at a first recording layer. The second objective lens focuses a second light beam at a second recording layer. The driving unit moves the first objective lens and the second objective lens in a first direction and a second direction. The first control unit corrects displacement from target track along the first direction. The second control unit controls a moving direction of a position of the second light spot in the second direction.

Abstract: A servo controller in a system includes a kick/brake control unit and a compensation unit. The kick/brake control unit determines an internal parameter based on an external control signal and an operation state of a plant. The compensation unit generates a driving control signal based on an error signal supplied from the plant and the internal parameter, and supplies the driving control signal to the plant. The plant performs a steady-state operation during a first operation mode and a target moving operation during a second operation mode based on the driving control signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved automation disk feeding device, comprising: a base, a pushing member, two disk feeding members, and a cover, wherein the base has a operation space, a supporting member and a disk exporting hole. In the present invention, a driving device is used to drive the pushing member to slide forward and backward on the operation space, such that a disk stored in a disk storing district of the cover is able to be exported via the disk exporting hole; Moreover, the disk feeding members are not formed integrally with the base but capable of being assembling to and disassembling from the base, so that, the applications of the improved automation disk feeding device can be increased by way of changing the disk feeding members with different shaped slide ways.

Abstract: A method for calibrating steps of a stepping motor used in an optical disc drive is provided. A pick-up head is moved to an origin of the structure. The pick-up head is moved toward a terminal of the structure by a stepping motor. The steps of the stepping motor are recorded until a counter electromotive force of the stepping motor is detected. A predetermined travel distance of the pick-up head is calculated. If the predetermined travel distance of the pick-up head is different from the maximum distance of the structure, then it is decided that the stepping motor has step error, and the steps of the stepping motor are calibrated.

Abstract: An acquisition section acquires image data having a plurality of frames. Table information is written into a store when the image data is acquired. The table information includes first position information representing absolute position information of each of the plurality of frames and second position information representing relative position information when a head frame of the image data is set as a reference. A specification section specifics the second position information of a frame corresponding to a frame reproduction instruction using the first position information. A reproduction section reproduces the reproduction frame corresponding to the specified second position information. Writing of the table information into the table store is restricted when there is an instruction to reproduce the frame.

Abstract: Shape-wise thicknesses of a cover layer and first through (N?1)th intermediate layers of an optical recording medium having refractive indexes nr1, nr2 are converted into thicknesses t1, t2 of the respective layers having a predetermined refractive index which makes a divergent amount equal to a divergent amount of a light beam resulting from the thicknesses tr1, tr2, a difference DFF between the sum of a thickness “ti” through a thickness “tj”, and the sum of a thickness “tk” through a thickness “tm” is set to 1 ?m or more (where i, j, k, and m are each any positive integer satisfying i?j<k?m?N), and the thicknesses t1, t2 are calculated by products of a function f(n) expressed by the following formula (1), and the thicknesses tr1, tr2: f(n)=?1.088n3+6.1027n2?12.042n+9.1007 ??(1) in the formula (1), n=nr1, nr2, . . . , and nrN.

Abstract: Shape-wise thicknesses of a cover layer and first through (N?1)th intermediate layers of an optical recording medium having refractive indexes nr1, nr2 are converted into thicknesses t1, t2 of the respective layers having a predetermined refractive index which makes a divergent amount equal to a divergent amount of a light beam resulting from the thicknesses tr1, tr2, a difference DFF between the sum of a thickness “ti” through a thickness “tj”, and the sum of a thickness “tk” through a thickness “tm” is set to 1 ?m or more (where i, j, k, and m are each any positive integer satisfying i?j<k?m?N), and the thicknesses t1, t2 are calculated by products of a function f(n) expressed by the following formula (1), and the thicknesses tr1, tr2: f(n)=?1.088n3+6.1027n2?12.042n+9.1007 ??(1) in the formula (1), n=nr1, nr2, . . . , and nrN.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator is provided, including an object lens holder hanged by a set of wires forming suspended object. A focus coil set is fixed to object lens holder and placed surrounding focus and track shared magnet set. The focus coil located between object lens holder and focus and track shared magnet set is within magnetic field of focus and track shared magnet set. The focus coil located between tilt magnet set and magnetic field of focus and track shared magnet set is within the effective field of tilt magnet set and focus and track shared magnet set due to shielding effect of the yoke protruding plates. When a current runs through focus coil, a magnetic force in the focus direction is induced simultaneously within the range of tilt magnet set and focus and track shared magnet set so that object lens holder can focus.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for using a multi-stage actuator to actuate one or more optical components of an optical head. The multi-stage actuator includes a cross-layer displacement component which actuates an optical component to change the beam focus in a displacement range corresponding to the thickness of the data layers in a holographic disk, such that a beam is impinged on the target data layer. The multi-stage actuator also includes a intra-layer focusing component which actuates the optical component in a smaller range to focus the beam on the target data position. The cross-layer displacement component and the intra-layer focusing component may each include more than one actuator. In some embodiments, the focusing component also actuates the optical component in a tilting motion to compensate for movement or imperfections of the disk during a reading or recording process.

Abstract: A data storage system that includes a positioning system for positioning the write/read mechanism and the storage medium of the data storage device with respect to each other in first and second predefined directions. In several embodiments, the read/write mechanism is used to mechanically write data to and electrically read data from the storage medium. In still another embodiment, the read/write mechanism is used to optically write data to and electrically read data from the storage medium. In yet another embodiment, the read/write mechanism is acoustically aided in electrically writing data to and reading data from the storage medium.

Abstract: Provided are a single beam optical pickup device and a disc drive including the optical pickup device. The optical pickup device includes a light controlling device that prevents or limits stray light generated from a medium from being incident on a light sensor. The light controlling device may further include an additional auxiliary light sensor so as to reuse effective light among diffracted light.

Abstract: A data recording and reproducing configuration in which both of BDMV standard compliant data and BDMV standard non-compliant data can be used is realized. A plurality of directories are set in a recording media, and a recording destination directory is selected according to the types of data. The BDMV standard compliant data is recorded in a BDMV directory, and the BDMV standard non-compliant data, for example, 1080/60p or 3D image data are recorded in a BDAV or BU directory. At the time of data reproducing process, a virtual file system in which the recorded data in the BDMV directory and the recorded data in the BDAV/BU directory are consolidated is constructed to achieve the reproducing process. With this configuration, the recording and reproducing of the BDMV standard compliant data and the BDMV standard non-compliant data are achieved.

Abstract: A write-once read-many information recording medium is provided, which is capable of easily searching for a latest DDS and a latest defect list. At least one disc management working area is sequentially allocated in a predetermined direction on the write-once read-many information recording medium of the present invention. The latest defect list and the latest DDS are provided in a recorded disc management working area neighboring a border between the recorded disc management working area and an unrecorded disc management working area, where the latest defect list precedes the latest DDS in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: A disc-shaped information recording medium includes a laminate of recording layers on and from which an information signal can be optically recorded and reproduced from one side of the medium. Data areas are provided in the recording layers, respectively. The information signal can be recorded on and reproduced from the data areas while a laser beam emitted from an optical pickup is applied to the data areas. Optical recording test areas are provided in the recording layers, respectively. A test signal can be recorded on and reproduced from the optical recording test areas to decide optimum power values of the laser beam for signal recording. The test areas are out of overlap as viewed in a direction of propagation of the laser beam.

Abstract: An exemplary data recording method of an optical storage medium includes following steps: during a current recording operation for recording first data onto the optical storage medium, detecting if a fatal recording error occurs; and when the fatal recording error is detected, activating a current verifying operation to verify correctness of a recorded data section on the optical storage medium. The recorded data section is recorded onto the optical storage medium according to second data during a previous recording operation, and data recording of the second data has been verified during a previous verifying operation prior to the current recording operation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and program products for controlling the playback of music are disclosed. In an embodiment a method for controlling the playback of music includes the steps of: initiating the playback of a first music track; stopping the playback of the first music track; initiating the playback of alternative audio content; stopping the playback of the alternative content; and determining whether to initiate the playback of the first music track or to initiate the playback of a second music track.

Abstract: A write-once recording medium is provided, which comprises a management information area for recording management information for managing a recorded state, and a user data area for recording user data. The user data area is configured to contain at least one recording area. At least one session is configured to contain at least one of the at least one recording area. The management information contains range information indicating a recording range of the at least one recording area and identification information for identifying the recording area located at a boundary of the session.

Abstract: The present invention allows the usability of a write-once recording medium to be enhanced. The write-once recording medium is provided with an ordinary recording/reproduction area, an alternate area, a first alternate-address management information area (DMA) and a second alternate-address management information area (TDMA). In addition, written/unwritten state indication information (a space bitmap) is also recorded. The second alternate-address management information area is an area allowing alternate-address management information recorded therein to be renewed by adding alternate-address management information thereto. In addition, the written/unwritten state indication information indicates whether or not data has been recorded in each data unit (cluster) on the recording medium. Thus, it is possible to correctly execute management of defects and properly implement renewal of data in the write-once recording medium.

Abstract: Media content playback includes providing a plurality of media contents; providing for each of the media contents information identifying the respective media content; receiving from a user selection instructions that effect selecting or deselecting of a specific media content; providing context data based on measurements of at least one of absolute time, absolute position and of at least one physical quantity at or in the vicinity of the location where the selected media content is to be reproduced; providing or adapting a user profile that assigns for each specific media content user instructions to the context data provided at the time of receipt of the respective instruction; selecting according to the user profile one of the media contents dependent on the context data at the time of selection; and reproducing the selected media content.

Abstract: An information storage medium having a plurality of recording layers is provided. The information storage medium including a physical ADIP address (PAA) which corresponds to an address recorded on the information storage medium. In the case in which an address of a layer i to which a pickup will move corresponds to PAAi, an address of a layer j in which the pickup is currently located corresponds to PAAj, and n corresponds to the number of the recording layers, the PAAi and the PAAj satisfy the equation PAAi= PAAj+(7?(i+j))*40 00 00h+00 00 01h(i+j=odd and i,j=0,1,2, . . . ,n?1) in response to the pickup moving from an even layer to an odd layer or from an odd layer to an even layer, and satisfy the equation PAAi=PAAj+(i?j)*40 00 00h(i+j=even and i,j=0,1,2, . . . ,n?1) in response to the pickup moving from an even layer to another even layer or from an odd layer to another odd layer.

Abstract: A sensorless motor drive device has: a first operation mode of generating current waveforms including non-energizing times based on a first rotor position signal generated by detecting zero crossings in windings of a motor as a signal indicating the rotor position of the motor, and supplying currents to the windings of the motor according to the current waveforms; and a second operation mode of generating current waveforms including no non-energizing time based on a second rotor position signal generated without use of zero crossings as the signal indicating the rotor position of the motor, and supplying currents to the windings of the motor according to the current waveforms. The first and second operation modes can be switched to each other.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a system is provided for recording data in an optical disc having frames having different numbers. The system records data in each of the frames while writing synchronization information in each frame. The system is provided with an even/odd frame judgment unit, a synchronization information output unit, a synchronization information selection unit and a selection information output unit. The even/odd frame judgment unit judges whether the number of a frame having a land pre-pit is an even number or an odd number. The synchronization information output unit outputs plural pieces of synchronization information corresponding to different synchronization patterns. The synchronization information selection unit generates a selection signal for selecting one of the pieces of synchronization information to be written in each frame. The selection information output unit outputs the selected one of the pieces of synchronization information.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium (1) includes, on a substrate (50), a ROM layer (20), a RE layer (40), an intermediate layer (30) separating the ROM layer (20) and the RE layer (40), and a cover layer (10) provided in a position farthest from the substrate (50). The RE layer (40) is an information recording layer provided in a position farthest from the light transmitting layer and also is a recording layer of disc type identification information and an individual identification number recorded in a format allowing easier determination as compared to an information recording format used in the layer allowing only readout of information by use of light irradiation. Therefore, it becomes easy to check a disc type in a recording/reproducing device and one recording/reproducing device can be shared with other types of optical disks. Further, disk production becomes easy.

Abstract: A copy-protected compact disc includes, within a single session, a table of contents (TOC) and a Video CD index (VI). Each track (T) is prefaced by unrecoverable data (UD) at a track start position (ATOC) indicated by the table of contents (TOC). However, the Video CD index (VI) indicates the actual position (AP) of the tracks. DVD players use the Video CD index (VI) to locate the tracks, while the CD-ROM drives use the table of contents (TOC) and read the unrecoverable data (UD), which prevents them from reading the subsequent track (T). The unrecoverable data (UD) may be prefaced by data pointers (DP) which cause the CD-ROM drive to load a player program in response to the error condition. The player program can be used to play the tracks (T), but restricts copying. Subchannel data (P; DX) causes audio CD players to ignore the Video CD index (VI) and the unrecoverable data (UD), and to play the tracks (T) at their actual start positions (AP).

Abstract: A system and method for secure writing to a disk are disclosed for securely writing live data to the disk. A free space of the disk after the live data is written to the disk is determined. Random bits are generated for the free space. At least some of the random bits are written to the disk to fill the free space in a first part of a write process. The live data is written to the disk in a second part of the write process adapted to begin at a terminus of the free space on the disk and continue until all of the live data is written to the disk.

Abstract: A pick-up of a format determining apparatus irradiates light to an optical disk to generate a reproduction signal. A signal processing unit decodes the reproduction signal to generate main data. A CD-ROM decoder decodes the main data. A CD-ROM determining unit determines whether or not the main data is in a CD-ROM format, based on the decoded main data. A reproduction signal determining unit determines whether or not the reproduction signal is normal when the main data is not in the CD-ROM format. A system control unit determines that the main data is in a CD-DA format, when the main data is not in the CD-ROM format, and when the reproduction signal is normal.

Abstract: A movement device of a recording determination apparatus moves a pickup in a radial direction of an optical disc. The pickup irradiates laser light to the optical disc to output an electric signal, based on reflected light from a laser spot. A control device acquires address information relating to an arrangement position of the laser spot, based on the electric signal. The control device controls the movement device to move the laser spot from a data area to a recordable area. The control device determines whether or not data is recorded in the recordable area, based on the electric signal until a reference time has elapsed from a border potion between the data area and the recordable area, the border portion being specified based on the address information.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of creating a bookmark to access digital content, including content on a Blu-ray disc. The method calls for extracting title and playlist information from a playback state corresponding to a specified location within the digital content; and creating a synthetic navigation stream to initiate playback of the digital content at the specified location.

Abstract: An integrated disk driving module is disclosed, the module including a base unit including an opening-formed upper plate, a lateral surface plate bent from an edge of the upper plate to form an accommodation space, and a stepping motor fixture bent from the upper plate toward the accommodation space, wherein the stepping motor fixture is integrally formed with the upper plate; and a stepping motor including a lead screw and a pivot member arranged at a distal end of the lead screw and coupled to the stepping motor fixture, and wherein the stepping motor fixture is formed with an insertion groove into which the pivot member is secured, where width of the insertion groove is larger than a diameter of the pivot member.

Abstract: A storage system, which includes a plurality of ODDs, is configured so as to easily retrieving a predetermined file from files stored in a plurality of optical discs. The storage system includes a storage controller connected to the plurality of ODDs and a nonvolatile memory via a storage bus. Each of the optical discs mounted in the ODDs has a file system representing the storage structure of files stored in the optical disc. The nonvolatile memory stores copies of the file systems of all the mounted optical discs. A user refers to the file system stored in the nonvolatile memory to retrieve a file. When an optical disc is ejected, the optical disc stores copies of the file systems of the other optical discs and is ejected. If the optical disc is installed into another storage system, the user can search for a file stored in the other optical discs.

Abstract: In step S1, the address generator generates address information composed of a sync signal which is recorded on an optical disc, address data and an error correction code for the address data, pre-encodes and supplies it to a modulator. At the same time, a carrier signal generator generates a carrier signal which is to carry the address information, and supplies it to the modulator. In step S2, the modulator makes MSK modulation of the carrier signal supplied from the carrier signal generator on the basis of the pre-encoded address information supplied from the address generator, and supplies a resultant MSK modulation signal to a wobbling unit. In step S3, the wobbling unit forms, on the optical disc, a spiral groove wobbled adaptively to the MSK modulation signal supplied from the modulator. In this optical disc, a given address can be accessed quickly and accurately.

Abstract: There is provided an information-processing equipment including an optical disc drive 40 within a chassis 31 thereof, the optical disc drive comprising: a turntable 41 for rotatably supporting an optical disc; an optical pickup 42 for recording an information signal onto the optical disc and/or reproducing an information signal recorded on the optical disc, and a movement mechanism 43 for moving the optical pickup in a radial direction of the optical disc; wherein a step part 37 extending in a predetermined direction Ls is formed on an inner surface of the chassis in an area where the optical disc drive is to be fixed, and wherein the optical disc drive is fixed in the area on the inner surface of the chassis at three portions 46A, 46B, 46C positioned straddling the step part.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an optical recording medium is provided in which interlayer crosstalk is low and in which stable and high-quality recording characteristics can be obtained. To this end, an optical recording medium comprises a first recording part which includes a first recording layer and a first light reflecting layer and which is disposed on a side closer to a light receiving surface, and a second recording part which includes a second recording layer and a second light reflecting layer and which is disposed on a side farther from the light receiving surface, the first recording part and the second recording part being stacked, wherein the thickness of the second light reflecting layer is larger than the thickness of the first light reflecting layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an optical recording medium is provided in which interlayer crosstalk is low and in which stable and high-quality recording characteristics can be obtained. To this end, an optical recording medium comprises a first recording part which includes a first recording layer and a first light reflecting layer and which is disposed on a side closer to a light receiving surface, and a second recording part which includes a second recording layer and a second light reflecting layer and which is disposed on a side farther from the light receiving surface, the first recording part and the second recording part being stacked, wherein the thickness of the second light reflecting layer is larger than the thickness of the first light reflecting layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an optical recording medium is provided in which interlayer crosstalk is low and in which stable and high-quality recording characteristics can be obtained. To this end, an optical recording medium comprises a first recording part which includes a first recording layer and a first light reflecting layer and which is disposed on a side closer to a light receiving surface, and a second recording part which includes a second recording layer and a second light reflecting layer and which is disposed on a side farther from the light receiving surface, the first recording part and the second recording part being stacked, wherein the thickness of the second light reflecting layer is larger than the thickness of the first light reflecting layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an optical recording medium is provided in which interlayer crosstalk is low and in which stable and high-quality recording characteristics can be obtained. To this end, an optical recording medium comprises a first recording part which includes a first recording layer and a first light reflecting layer and which is disposed on a side closer to a light receiving surface, and a second recording part which includes a second recording layer and a second light reflecting layer and which is disposed on a side farther from the light receiving surface, the first recording part and the second recording part being stacked, wherein the thickness of the second light reflecting layer is larger than the thickness of the first light reflecting layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an optical recording medium is provided in which interlayer crosstalk is low and in which stable and high-quality recording characteristics can be obtained. To this end, an optical recording medium comprises a first recording part which includes a first recording layer and a first light reflecting layer and which is disposed on a side closer to a light receiving surface, and a second recording part which includes a second recording layer and a second light reflecting layer and which is disposed on a side farther from the light receiving surface, the first recording part and the second recording part being stacked, wherein the thickness of the second light reflecting layer is larger than the thickness of the first light reflecting layer.

Abstract: An optical disc drive according to the present invention writes information on an optical disc, which includes a substrate on which a number of pre-pits have been formed on its tracks and a recording film that is supported on the substrate. The optical disc drive includes a writing control section for instructing an optical pickup to record marks on the tracks by irradiating the recording film with a writing light beam. In accordance with information that defines, on the tracks, recordable areas Aa1 through Aa4 where the marks are recordable and pre-pit reading areas Ab1 through Ab4 where no marks are recordable, the writing control section controls the optical pickup so that the marks are recorded on at least some of the recordable areas. On the tracks on which the marks are recorded, each recordable area is shorter than any of the pre-pit reading areas.

Abstract: Minimized is the influence which is exerted by recording calibration (test recording) such as power calibration, strategy calibration or the like, performed in an area for recording calibration (recording calibration area or test area) provided in each of a plurality of recording layers, on recording calibration performed in the other recording layers. On a recording medium, data is recorded on at least one of a plurality of recording layers by laser light incident on a surface of the recording medium. The plurality of recording layers include a first recording layer, and second through N-th recording layers (N is an integer of 3 or greater) which are sequentially located in a direction from the first recording layer toward the surface on which the laser is incident. The plurality of recording layers each have a first calibration area and a second calibration area located outer to the first calibration area.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information storage medium in which layer 0 and layer 1 are arranged from a read surface, a system lead-in area, data lead-in area, data area, and middle area are arranged from an inner circumference of the layer 0, and a system lead-out area, data lead-out area, data area, and middle area are arranged from an inner circumference of the layer 1. A guard track zone is arranged on a side of the data area in the data lead-out area, and a reference code zone, R physical format information zone, recording management zone, and drive test zone are arranged in the data lead-in area of the layer 0 and padding of the guard track zone of the data lead-out area is performed after padding of the drive test zone of data lead-in area and recording of the recording management zone.

Abstract: In an information storage device in which small compartments each for storing information are arranged three-dimensionally inside a solid body, the solid body having at least one pair of parallel planar portions on its surface is used for a memory medium. The information to be stored is divided into bits and stored in discrete minute areas that distribute three-dimensionally inside the memory medium. Anisotropy is given to the pitch of the memory cell and the pitch in a direction right-angled to the planar portion is made larger than the pitch in the parallel direction. Moreover, the data such that given n-bits are used as a unit is converted into a digital format such that m-bits larger than n are used as a unit and the number of included ‘1s’ is smaller than n, which is recorded in the memory medium. When recording the data on the medium, pieces of the data expressed by the m-bits are arranged on the plate in the right-angle direction.

Abstract: This document relates to a method of using a backup image of an optical disc. In an embodiment of this document, data of an optical disc inserted into an Optical Disc Drive (ODD), included in a disc drive integrated with a Solid State Drive (SSD), may be backed up in the SSD in the form of an image file, and access to the optical disc may be bypassed to the backup image file. Backing up the data and bypassing the access may be executed by an application program in the operating system of a host coupled to the disc drive. The application program may be automatically executed when the optical disc is inserted into the ODD or by manipulation of a predetermined button provided in the disc drive. Furthermore, the application program may set the backup image file of the SSD to a virtual drive for the optical disc.

Abstract: A recording apparatus includes: a recording device for recording content data onto a recordable recording medium with a first recording layer including a first data area and a second recording layer including a second data area; a first reading device reading the address of the position corresponding to the maximum capacity of the first data area; a second reading device reading an address of a layer jump position of the content data; a calculating device for calculating a position to start the recording of the content data such that the layer jump position of the content data is recorded at the position corresponding to the maximum capacity of the first data area; and a first controlling device for controlling the recording device to record first padding data into an area from a start position of the first data area to the position to start the recording of the content data.