Abstract: A viewing tube for an optical device and in particular for a microscope is described, in which there are provided in the beam path of the viewing tube beam splitters that deflect a portion of the light out to a simultaneous observation tube and/or to an imaging or recording unit, or reflect light from a display and/or processing unit into the beam path. In each beam path of the viewing tube there is provided only one beam splitter, which is rotatable about the optical axis of the respective beam path and always remains in the working position in the beam path. The respective beam splitter, depending upon its rotational position, deflects the reflected-out portion of the light into the corresponding beam path of the simultaneous observation tube or of the imaging or recording unit, or couples light into the beam path of the viewing tube.

Abstract: The present invention provides eye protection systems. The eye protection systems include a lens capable of being mounted in and being interchangeable between a plurality of different lens-mounting platforms. These platforms may include spectacles or goggles with release mechanisms, which permit the lens to be removed while providing full ballistic protection when installed in the platform. The lens of the present invention protects against a plurality of threats including spectrums of light, such as sun light, ultraviolet light, or laser light, wind, dust, projectiles, etc. The lens may include a laminate structure, which protects sensitive technologies from exposure to environmental conditions, such as chemicals, weather, etc.

Abstract: A detachable shelter frame, adapted for mounting in front of a primary spectacle frame, includes a shelter frame for supporting two auxiliary lenses thereon and two interlocking arrangements which are provided at two sides of the auxiliary lenses respectively. Each of the interlocking arrangements includes a supporting arm rearwardly extending from the shelter frame towards an engagement member of the primary spectacle frame and a magnetic seat which is connected to the respective supporting arm and arranged to magnetically attach to the respective engagement member from behind. Each of the magnetic seats has a side opening having a width equal to or slightly larger than a height of the respective engagement member in such a manner that when the magnetic seats are magnetically attached with the engagement members respectively, the engagement members are capable of linearly sliding through the side openings respectively.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an eyewear comprising an auxiliary frame and a main frame which are magnetically connected to each other. In a preferred embodiment, the auxiliary frame comprises an auxiliary lens retaining mechanism for accommodating a pair of auxiliary lenses; and an attachment mechanism resiliently and pivotably joined to the auxiliary lens retaining mechanism. The attachment mechanism is provided with an auxiliary magnetic apparatus for magnetically coupling to a corresponding main magnetic apparatus on the main frame. In a more preferable embodiment, the present invention utilizes the nature of resilience of a resilient sheet to allow the main frame to be selectively stopped at different angular orientations during its pivotal action with respect to the auxiliary frame.

Abstract: A packaged micromirror assembly (21, 21′) is disclosed. The assembly (21, 21′) includes a mirror element (41) having a mirror surface (29) that can rotate in two axes. Magnets (53) are attached to the mirror element (41), to permit rotation of the mirror surface (29) responsive to the energizing of coil drivers (36). A sensor (63, 80) is disposed under the mirror surface (29) to detect mirror orientation. In one aspect of the invention, the sensor (63) includes a light source such as an LED (68) that imparts light through an aperture (66) at the underside of the mirror surface (29). Light detectors (65) are arranged at varying angles, and detect relative intensity of light reflected from the underside of the mirror surface (29), from which the rotational position of the mirror (29) can be derived.

Abstract: A holder (2) of projector lens (1) is provided with openings through which springs (3) pass. The shorter arm (4) of said spring (3) presses said lens (1) against said holder (2), the longer arm (5) is pressed to the circumferential mantle of said holder (2) and secured in this position by a bent cutout (7).

Abstract: An optical path switch and a method of using thereof, for creating two optical pathways for input light. The switch is composed of two polarizers that polarize the input light and two polarization rotators each having two positions. The polarization rotators position translates to one of two the optical pathways. Additionally, the optical path switch has an image enhancement device for producing an enhanced image of the light, and a beam splitter that directs the light to two channels. The optical path switch works by polarizing the light by one of the two polarizers producing an output, following, the output is then directed through the beam splitter where the output is directed towards the two channels. Next, the output is then filtered through the two polarization rotators and to the other of the two channels where the positions of the two polarization rotators switch the optical pathways.

Abstract: A key structure used in the user interface of an electrical device comprises a plate-like member (301) which comprises electrical couplings for transforming keystrokes into electrical signals, and an electrically conducting dome-like member (303) on the plate-like member. This dome-like member is arranged to have such suitable elastic characteristics that it is at least partly pressed against the plate-like member when a pressing force substantially perpendicular towards the plate-like member acts on the dome-like member, and to return to the dome-like position when the pressing force is removed. The key structure further comprises a button member (304) made of an electrically isolating material and being located on the dome-like member. The key structure is characterised in that the elastic deformation of the button member due to the pressing force is substantially similar to that of the dome-like member.

Abstract: A numeric key-based Chinese-language inputting method, which enables the rapid inputting of a Chinese-language address in accordance with using numeric keys includes determining as to a numerical inputting mode, or a single Chinese character inputting mode, or an address inputting mode, and for a numerical inputting mode, processing in accordance with a numerical processing step, and for a single Chinese character inputting mode, processing in accordance with a single Chinese character processing step, and for an address inputting mode, and processing in accordance with an address data processing step. Thereafter, a Chinese-language address, made up of characters and numerals detected in accordance with each step, is outputted to a display portion for visual representation.

Abstract: A light scattering type particle detector in which the S/N ratio is improved includes a particle detecting region D which is formed by irradiating laser light La on sample fluid and a light receiving array 5 which receives scattering light Ls due to particles which pass through the particle detecting region. The light receiving array 5 is formed to be circular by arranging a plurality of photoelectric converters Pd1-Pdn in a plane alignment. The particle detector also includes an adder 6 which adds the output from the plurality of the photoelectric converters Pd1-Pdn.

Abstract: A projection exposure device (1), in particular for micro-lithography, serves to produce an image of an object (2) in an image plane (11) positioned in an object plane (10). For this reason the projection exposure device (1) has a radiation source (4) emitting projection radiation (5). Illumination optics (6) are positioned between the radiation source (4) and the object plane (10) and projection optics (8) are positioned between the object plane (10) and the image plane (11). A detection device (30) is provided to measure the illumination angle distribution of the projection radiation (5) in a field plane (10). This communicates via at least one control device (34, 18) with at least one manipulator (20, 45, 47). The latter serves to move at least one optical component (7, 41) within the projection ray path (5, 9). The illumination angle distribution changes as a result of the controlled movement of the optical component (7, 41).

Abstract: A photonic crystal is formed on a semiconductor substrate using a semiconductor-based fabrication process by forming a number of alternating layers of material that have different dielectric constants. The layers of material are then etched to form a number of spaced-apart stacks of alternating layers of material. An interstack material is then formed between the stacks.

Abstract: A pager in which is written a paging ID shared among the remaining pagers of the same group, the pager including storage means for storing a character string; data comparing means for comparing the character string included in a received message with the data stored in the storage means; and operation execution means for commencing an operation on the basis of the result of the comparing operation performed by the data comparing means. The storage means is made interchangeable among pagers, or the data stored in the storage means can be rewritten. Categories of pagers in the same group may be readily established or changed through interchanging of the storage means or through rewriting of the data stored in the storage means.

Abstract: An eyewear temple structure includes an attachment portion to be attached to a frame of an eyewear, and a temple attached to the attachment portion. The temple includes a housing having a hollow space therein, a front opening, a side opening, and a bump formed adjacent to the side opening. A guide member is slidably situated in the housing and includes a second projecting portion formed at one end to rotationally engage the attachment portion, and an abutment portion formed at the other end thereof. A compression coil spring is situated in the housing between the bump and the abutment portion to urge the guide member in a direction away from the bump. The temple is rotationally attached to the attachment portion through a resilient force of the coil spring.

Abstract: A system and method obfuscates a reference voltage being applied to a touch screen to reduce the likelihood that location coordinates may be obtained from electrically coupling to the touch screen. The method is performed by applying a varying reference voltage to a first plane of a touch screen with a time of application duration being substantially less than a touch period and by measuring a voltage present on a second plane during a portion of the application duration of the voltage to the first plane. A system may include a controller for randomly varying the reference voltage level and coupling a reference source that generates the reference voltage to a first plane of a touch screen for an application period that is significantly less than the touch period.

Abstract: Electrochromic display device comprising a pair of glass or plastic plates or plastic films of which at least one plate or film or both plates or films is/are provided on one side each with an electrically conducting coating. At least one plate or film and its conductive coating is transparent. On at least one of the two plates or films, the electrically conductive layer is divided into separate segments which are individually connected to a power source and each has an electric lead from the edge of the device. The plates or films are joined via a sealing ring on the sides on which they are conductively coated. The volume formed by the two plates or films and the sealing ring is filled with an electrochromic medium. The electric leads to the segments are electrically insulated from the electrochromic medium.

Abstract: A laser imaging system comprising: a laser diode which projects a laser beam along a first, optical axes; a collimation lens positioned along the first, optical axis for collimating the laser beam; and an assembly for mounting the laser diode and the collimation lens for selective rotation about the first, optical axis and for rotation about second and third mutually perpendicular axes which are also perpendicular to the first, optical axis in order to effect rotation of the laser beam about the first, second and third axes.

Abstract: An optical apparatus (10, 310) includes a housing (12) having a lens support (51, 321) moveably supported therein. An athermalization part (121, 341) is coupled at one end to the housing and at the other end to the lens support, in order to effect movement of the lens support relative to the housing in response to a temperature variation. This coupling includes coupling structure (148, 348) on the athermalization part which engages coupling structure (27, 327) on the housing or lens support, and these coupling structures are resiliently urged into engagement with each other in a manner that facilitates a zero backlash condition.

Abstract: A method and a system for the transmission of information from a well (1; 20) drilled through geological formation layers (3) at least partly cased by metal tubes (4; 23; 24; 31). The method includes the placing in said well of an information transceiver (E) operating by electromagnetic waves created by the injection of an electric signal by a dipole (P1-P2) conductively connected to the metal tubes used for guiding the transmitted waves. In the method, identification takes place of the attenuation of the transmission by certain formation layers (3a, 3b; 25; 30) having a low resistivity and then there is an at least partial electrical insulation of the metal tubes located opposite the low resistivity layers.

Abstract: Optical elements such as a vari-focal lens element, a vari-focal diffractive optical element and a variable declination prism usable as spectacle lens elements and so on.