Abstract: The invention relates to a process for large-scale industrial production of biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid derivatives (I) wherein R1 and R2 may have the meanings given in the specification and claims.

Abstract: A sulfur-containing O-(meth)acrylate compound of the following formula (1) is useful as a starting material for a resin composition used in optical applications such as a lens; wherein R represents hydrogen atom or methyl group; 1 represents an integer from 1 to 3; B is when B is  n is 2; m is 1 or 2; A is selected from the following groups: wherein m represents 1 or 2; each ring may be substituted by one or more alkyl, alkylthio or alkoxy groups having 1 or 2 carbon atoms; p and q are 0 or 1, while m is 1 when p is 1; when B is  n is 1; m is 2 or 3; A is selected from the following groups: —(CH2)r—S—(CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—S—S—(CH2)r—.

Abstract: Compounds having Formula 2 wherein the symbols have the meaning defined in the specification are inhibitors of the cytochrome P450RAI (retinoic acid inducible) enzyme, and are used for treating diseases responsive to treatment by retinoids.

Abstract: The use of esters or amides of hydroxylated carboxylic acids as solubilizers, particularly for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food preparations, is described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing trifluorobenzoic acids of the formula in which R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C-atoms, an unsubstituted phenyl radical, a substituted phenyl radical which contains one or two alkyl or alkoxy groups having in each case 1 to 4 C atoms, or an araliphatic radical having 7 to 12 C atoms, which comprises reacting a compound of the formula in which R1 and R2 are identical or different and are —CN, —COOR3, where R3 is H, Li, Na, K, MgCl, MgBr, MgI, ½Mg, ½Ca or an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, or —CONR4R5, where R4 and R5 are identical or different and are an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, with at least one organometallic compound of the formula CuR, CuLiR2, MgXR, ZnR3, LiR, AlX2R, AlXR2AlR3 Al2Cl3R3, where R is as defined in formula (1) and X is Cl, Br or I, in the presence of an inert solvent at from −80 to +150° C.

Abstract: A method for the production of an esterified product which can prevent the occurrence of a gel-like substance during the separation and removal of the water formed by the reaction in the esterification reaction or during the expulsion of a dehydrating solvent by distillation after the esterification reaction by causing an antigelling agent to act on the distillate and consequently permits efficient production of the esterified product of high quality, and an apparatus therefor are to be provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of benzene dicarboxylic acids by liquid phase oxidation of Xylene isomers using oxygen or air by oxidising in the presence of acetic acid as solvent, cobalt salt as catalyst and an initiator. The oxidation step is followed by flashing the said reaction mixture to remove volatile substances and cooling and filtering to get crude benzene di-carboxylic acid as a solid product and filtrate. The dicarboxylic acid solid product is recrystallised to get at least 99% pure benzene. The filtrate may be recycled.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for manufacturing an aromatic diacid in one step with a single catalyst system which comprises: a) Introducing into a reactor an aromatic hydrocarbon containing the number of rings desired in the product diacid with one or more alkyl groups attached to the rings; b) Reacting said aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of an oxidant supply and a single catalyst system comprising at least one catalyst selected from Group IB, IIB, VB, or VIIB of the Periodic Table, in a reaction medium capable of stabilizing the aromatic acids formed against further oxidation to water and CO2, or decarboxylation to aromatic hydrocarbons, and also capable of allowing the isomerization of the acids so formed to the desired diacids; and c) Reacting said hydrocarbon feed with said oxidant in the presence of said catalyst system until a desired amount of said feed is oxidized to carboxylic acids and isomerized to the desired diacid product.

Abstract: A process for producing a dicarboxylic acid monoester which comprises subjecting a dicarboxylic acid monoester or an alkali metal salt of a dicarboxylic acid monoester and a metal alkoxide to transesterification in the presence of an organic solvent, or a process for producing a dicarboxylic acid monoester which comprises subjecting a dicarboxylic acid monoester or an alkali metal salt of a dicarboxylic acid monoester and an alcohol to transesterification in the presence of a metal alkoxide.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I are antagonists of VLA-4 and/or &agr;4&bgr;7, and as such are useful in the inhibition or prevention of cell adhesion and cell-adhesion mediated pathologies. These compounds may be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions and are suitable for use in the treatment of AIDS-related dementia, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, Alzheimer's disease, asthma, atherosclerosis, autologous bone marrow transplantation, certain types of toxic and immune-based nephritis, contact dermal hypersensitivity, inflammatory bowel disease including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, inflammatory lung diseases, inflammatory sequelae of viral infections, meningitis, multiple sclerosis, multiple myeloma, myocarditis, organ transplantation, psoriasis, pulmonary fibrosis, restenosis, retinitis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis, stroke, tumor metastasis, uveititis, and type I diabetes.

Abstract: A method for continuous production of (meth)acrylic alkyl esters by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with alkanols containing 1-8 C-atoms, whereby raw (meth)acrylic acid containing acetic acid is used as a starting compound and the alkyl acetate that is formed as a by-product is evacuated in an appropriate area.

Abstract: A class of novel phenyl acetamides is disclosed together with the use of such compounds for inhibiting sPLA2 mediated release of fatty acids for treatment of conditions such as septic shock.

Abstract: In a process for production of vinyl acetate in which ethylene, liquid acetic acid and an oxygen-containing gas are fed to a fluid bed reactor containing a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal, a promoter and a co-promoter, stickiness of the catalyst is reduced by limiting the amount of co-promoter to up to 6% by weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: Malonic esters of the general formula where R is C1-10-alkyl, C3-10-alkenyl or aryl-C1-4-alkyl, are prepared by reacting an alkali metal salt of malonic acid with a halide of the general formula R—X (II), where R is as defined above and X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, in the presence of water and a phase-transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing trimethylhydroquinone diacetate, with subsequent hydrolysis to give trimethylhydroquinone, the process including reacting 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexane-1,4-dione under oxidative conditions, in the presence of a sulfonating agent and a strong acid, and in the presence of an acylating agent.

Abstract: A process for the continuous recovery of (meth)acrylic acid from the reaction gases of a catalytic gas-phase oxidation by (I) absorption in a high-boiling solvent, (II) isolation of the (meth)acrylic acid from the mixture with the solvent and, if required, further purification of the (meth)acrylic acid isolated, (III) purification of the solvent and (IV) recycling of the purified solvent to absorption stage (I) is proposed, the temperature in each process stage not exceeding 155° C., in particular 140° C., preferably 120° C.

Abstract: The subject invention involves processes for making 2,4-difluoro-3-Q1-benzoic acid, wherein Q1 is derived from an electrophilic reagent, comprising the steps of: (a) treating 1-bromo-2,4-difluorobenzene with a strong, non-nucleophilic base; then treating with an electrophilic reagent which provides Q1, or a functional moiety which is then transformed to Q1, producing 1-bromo-2,4-difluoro-3-Q1-benzene; (b) treating the 1-bromo-2,4-difluoro-3-Q1-benzene with an alkali or alkaline earth metal or organometallic reagent; then treating with carbon dioxide, or with a formylating agent followed by oxidation, to produce 2,4-difluoro-3-Q1-benzoic acid. The subject invention also involves optional additional steps to further modify Q1, or to substitute a non-hydrogen moiety at the 5-position, at the 6-position, or at both, of the phenyl ring of the 2,4-difluoro-3-Q1-benzoic acid.

Abstract: The beta-ketoesters of formula I are useful as precursors for organoleptic compounds, especially for flavors, fragrances and masking agents and antimicrobial compounds.

Abstract: Novel aminobutyric acids derivatives and methods for protecting crops against fungal diseases by applying to the crops or their locus a composition containing an effective amount of said derivatives.

Abstract: The invention concerns anti-tumour agents of formula (I) wherein each of R1, R2 and R3 has the meanings defined in the specification including hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl, (3-4)alkenyl, (3-4C)alkynyl, amino, (1-4C)alkylamino and (1-4C)alkoxy; each of R4 and R5 is (1-4C)alkyl; each of R6 and R7 is hydrogen or (1-4C)alkyl; X is oxygen; m is 1 or 2 and each R8 is as defined in the specification; each of Y1 and Y2 is halogeno, (1-4C)alkanesulphonyloxy, benzenesulphonyloxy or phenyl-(1-4C)akanesulphonyloxy; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof; provided that at least one of R1, R2 and R3 is other than hydrogen; a process for preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in the production of an anti-proliferative effect.