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  • System and method for generating a genetically engineered configuration for at least one antenna and/or frequency selective surface
    Patent number: 7365701
    Abstract: An optimal configuration for at least one antenna and/or at least one frequency selective surface is generated. A configuration of elements is generated by selecting a simple configuration of at least one element and applying a genetic algorithm to the simple configuration to generate a configuration optimized for various characteristics. A stochastic process may be used to randomly select an arrangement of elements as the simple antenna configuration and to select elements that connect the randomly selected elements to produce a stochastic configuration to which the genetic algorithm is then applied. Alternatively, an iterated or semi-iterated process may be applied to the simple antenna configuration to produce a fractal or a semi-fractal configuration, respectively, to which the genetic algorithm is then applied. Also, the elements may be optimized independently.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 8, 2002
    Date of Patent: April 29, 2008
    Assignee: Sciperio, Inc.
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Pingjuan L. Werner, Kenneth H. Church, Michael John Wilhelm
  • Methods and systems for embedding electrical components in a device including a frequency responsive structure
    Publication number: 20030076276
    Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for embedding electrical components within a device including a frequency responsive structure, such as an antenna or a frequency selective surface. Electrical components are selected and locations for placing the selected components within the device are selected for optimizing performance characteristics of the structure. The selection may be performed by modeling the device with various electrical components embedded at various locations using, for example, a genetic algorithm. The selected components are embedded at the selected locations. The frequency responsive structure and the selected components embedded at the selected locations may be produced in the same manufacturing process. The selected electrical components may be embedded at the selected locations as contiguous and integral parts of the device and may be embedded within the frequency responsive structure.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 2, 2002
    Publication date: April 24, 2003
    Inventors: Kenneth H. Church, Robert M. Taylor, Michael John Wilhelm, Douglas H. Werner, Pingjuan L. Werner
  • Fractile antenna arrays and methods for producing a fractile antenna array
    Publication number: 20040135727
    Abstract: An antenna array comprised of a fractile array having a plurality of antenna elements uniformly distributed along Peano-Gosper curve.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 23, 2003
    Publication date: July 15, 2004
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Waroth Kuhirun, Pingjuan L. Werner
  • Synthesis of metamaterial ferrites for RF applications using electromagnetic bandgap structures
    Publication number: 20040140945
    Abstract: By configuring a high impedance frequency selective surface (HZ-FSS) structure for the appropriate values of surface impedance (surface resistance and surface reactance), a high frequency artificial ferrite metamaterial can be synthesized with almost any desired value of real and imaginary permeability. Materials with these properties have not previously been physically realizable at frequencies above 1 GHz.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 12, 2004
    Publication date: July 22, 2004
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Douglas J. Kern
  • Synthesis of metamaterial ferrites for RF applications using electromagnetic bandgap structures
    Patent number: 7256753
    Abstract: By configuring a high impedance frequency selective surface (HZ-FSS) structure for the appropriate values of surface impedance (surface resistance and surface reactance), a high frequency artificial ferrite metamaterial can be synthesized with almost any desired value of real and imaginary permeability. Materials with these properties have not previously been physically realizable at frequencies above 1 GHz.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 12, 2004
    Date of Patent: August 14, 2007
    Assignee: The Penn State Research Foundation
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Douglas J. Kern
  • High-selectivity electromagnetic bandgap device and antenna system
    Patent number: 7042419
    Abstract: An antenna system includes an antenna element and an electromagnetic bandgap element proximate the antenna element wherein the electromagnetic bandgap element is optimized for narrow bandwidth operation thereby providing radiofrequency selectivity to the antenna system. Preferably the electromagnetic bandgap element is tunable such as through use of a bias-alterable dielectric substrate or other tuning mechanism. The design approach also provides a means of creating an ultra-thin low-profile narrowband tunable channel selective antenna system suitable for low frequency applications.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 30, 2004
    Date of Patent: May 9, 2006
    Assignee: The Penn State Reserach Foundation
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Pingjuan L. Werner, Michael J. Wilhelm
  • Quantitative chemical sensors with radio frequency communication
    Patent number: 11761919
    Abstract: A system for low power chemical sensing can include a voltage shift unit which receives a voltage signal from a chemical sensor unit. The voltage signal can be determined by a concentration of an analyte. The voltage shift unit can transform the voltage signal to an input voltage signal, and send the input voltage signal to a plurality of frequency selective surface (FSS) units of an FSS array. The FSS array can communicate a radio frequency (RF) signal in an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) S band with a resonant frequency based on the input voltage to provide the concentration of the analyte.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 12, 2019
    Date of Patent: September 19, 2023
    Assignees: University of Utah Research Foundation, The Penn State Research Foundation
    Inventors: Benjamin R. Bunes, Leonard Cardillo, Douglas Later, Ling Zang, Douglas H. Werner, Ronald Jenkins, Micah D. Gregory
  • Multiband or broadband frequency selective surface
    Publication number: 20030142036
    Abstract: A frequency selective surface includes a pattern of electromagnetic material formed on a substrate suspendable over a ground plane for reflecting or transmitting electromagnetic waves at one or more particular frequencies. The frequency selective surface may include one or more meandering line inductors and/or one or more interdigitated capacitors formed within the pattern of electromagnetic materials for adjusting the frequencies at which the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted. The frequency selective surface may also or instead include one or more inductors and/or one or more capacitors arranged in series within the pattern of electromagnetic materials to adjust the frequencies at which the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted. In addition, the pattern of electromagnetic materials may be formed within the substrate in such a manner that the frequencies at which the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted are tunable.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 27, 2002
    Publication date: July 31, 2003
    Inventors: Michael John Wilhelm, Douglas H. Werner, Pingjuan L. Werner, Jeffrey S. Daniels, Lance D. Swann, William L. Warren
  • Fractile antenna arrays and methods for producing a fractile antenna array
    Patent number: 7057559
    Abstract: An antenna array comprised of a fractile array having a plurality of antenna elements uniformly distributed along a Peano-Gosper curve. An antenna array comprised of an array having an irregular boundary contour comprising a plane tiled by a plurality of fractiles covering the plane without any gaps or overlaps. A method for generating an antenna array having improved broadband performance wherein a plane is tiled with a plurality of non-uniform shaped unit cells or an antenna array, the non-uniform shaped and tiling of the unit cells are then optimized. A method for rapidly forming a radiation pattern of a fractile array employing a pattern multiplication for fractile arrays wherein a product formulation is derived for the radiation pattern of a fractile array for a desired stage of growth. The pattern multiplication is recursively applied to construct higher order fractile array forming an antenna array.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 23, 2003
    Date of Patent: June 6, 2006
    Assignee: Penn State Research Foundation
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Waroth Kuhirun, Pingjuan L. Werner
  • Antenna Apparatus and Communication System
    Publication number: 20150054696
    Abstract: An antenna includes a first body having an array of resonators; a spacer adjacent to the first body, and a second body adjacent to the spacer such that the spacer is between the first and second bodies. The first body can be configured as an artificial metasurface ground plane and the second body can be configured as a monopole.
    Type: Application
    Filed: August 19, 2014
    Publication date: February 26, 2015
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Zhihao Jiang
  • Antenna Apparatus and Communication System
    Publication number: 20170012351
    Abstract: An antenna includes a first body having an array of resonators; a spacer adjacent to the first body, and a second body adjacent to the spacer such that the spacer is between the first and second bodies. The first body can be configured as an artificial metasurface ground plane and the second body can be configured as a monopole.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 23, 2016
    Publication date: January 12, 2017
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Zhihao Jiang
  • Antenna apparatus and communication system
    Patent number: 9478852
    Abstract: An antenna includes a first body having an array of resonators; a spacer adjacent to the first body, and a second body adjacent to the spacer such that the spacer is between the first and second bodies. The first body can be configured as an artificial metasurface ground plane and the second body can be configured as a monopole.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 19, 2014
    Date of Patent: October 25, 2016
    Assignee: The Penn State Research Foundation
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Zhihao Jiang
  • Flat transformational electromagnetic lenses
    Patent number: 8699140
    Abstract: Examples of the present invention include methods and apparatus for modification of electromagnetic waves, including lenses with generally parallel flat surfaces. Lenses may comprise metamaterials, dielectric materials (such as glass), plastics, and the like. Lenses may have an index profile corresponding to a coordinate transformation for the desired effect on the electromagnetic waves.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 29, 2009
    Date of Patent: April 15, 2014
    Assignee: The Penn State Research Foundation
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Do-Hoon Kwon
  • FLAT TRANSFORMATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC LENSES
    Publication number: 20090296223
    Abstract: Examples of the present invention include methods and apparatus for modification of electromagnetic waves, including lenses with generally parallel flat surfaces. Lenses may comprise metamaterials, dielectric materials (such as glass), plastics, and the like. Lenses may have an index profile corresponding to a coordinate transformation for the desired effect on the electromagnetic waves.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 29, 2009
    Publication date: December 3, 2009
    Applicant: The Penn State Research Foundation
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Do-Hoon Kwon
  • Antenna apparatus and communication system
    Patent number: 9912045
    Abstract: An antenna includes a first body having an array of resonators; a spacer adjacent to the first body, and a second body adjacent to the spacer such that the spacer is between the first and second bodies. The first body can be configured as an artificial metasurface ground plane and the second body can be configured as a monopole.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 23, 2016
    Date of Patent: March 6, 2018
    Assignee: The Penn State Research Foundation
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Zhihao Jiang
  • Broadband monopole antenna using anisotropic metamaterial coating
    Patent number: 9837710
    Abstract: An antenna system is provided that includes an antenna having an elongated conducting segment, such as a metal rod. An anisotropic metamaterial surrounds the elongated conducting segment of the antenna. The presence of the metamaterial remarkably expands the VSWR <2. An example antenna is a monopole antenna, such as a quarter-wavelength monopole antenna, surrounded by the metamaterial.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 15, 2013
    Date of Patent: December 5, 2017
    Assignee: The Penn State Research Foundation
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Zhihao Jiang, Micah D. Gregory
  • BROADBAND MONOPOLE ANTENNA USING ANISOTROPIC METAMATERIAL COATING
    Publication number: 20140104136
    Abstract: An antenna system is provided that includes an antenna having an elongated conducting segment, such as a metal rod. An anisotropic metamaterial surrounds the elongated conducting segment of the antenna. The presence of the metamaterial remarkably expands the VSWR<2. An example antenna is a monopole antenna, such as a quarter-wavelength monopole antenna, surrounded by the metamaterial.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 15, 2013
    Publication date: April 17, 2014
    Applicant: The Penn State Research Foundation
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Zhihao Jiang, Micah D. Gregory
  • MULTI-SPECTRAL FILTERS, MIRRORS AND ANTI-REFLECTIVE COATINGS WITH SUBWAVELENGTH PERIODIC FEATURES FOR OPTICAL DEVICES
    Publication number: 20110085232
    Abstract: Example apparatus have a radiation-receiving surface configured to receive electromagnetic radiation, including a sub-wavelength grating supported by a substrate. The sub-wavelength grating has a side-wall profile that may be configured and optimized to obtain desired spectral properties.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 8, 2010
    Publication date: April 14, 2011
    Applicants: The Penn State Research Foundation
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Theresa S. Mayer, Clara R. Baleine
  • ANISOTROPIC METAMATERIAL GAIN-ENHANCING LENS FOR ANTENNA APPLICATIONS
    Publication number: 20120280872
    Abstract: Examples of the present invention include metamaterials, including metamaterial lenses, having material properties that approximate the behavior of a material with low (0<n<1) effective index of refraction. Metamaterials may be designed and tuned using dispersion engineering to create a relatively wide-band low-index region. A low-index metamaterial lens created highly collimated beams in the far-field from a low-directivity antenna feed.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 4, 2012
    Publication date: November 8, 2012
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Erik Lier, Bonnie G. Martin, Jeremiah P. Turpin, Qi Wu
  • METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCED COUPLING AND INTERFERENCE BETWEEN ANTENNAS
    Publication number: 20090201221
    Abstract: Examples of the present invention include antennas and scattering elements having a metamaterial cloak configured so as to reduce effects on the operating parameters of a nearby antenna. For example, an antenna has an antenna frequency, and a cloak is disposed around the antenna having a frequency range in which the cloak is operative. The antenna frequency can lie outside the frequency range of the cloak, whereas the frequency of a second antenna lies within the frequency range of the cloak. In this case, the antenna is cloaked relative to the second antenna.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 6, 2009
    Publication date: August 13, 2009
    Applicant: The Penn State Research Foundation
    Inventors: Douglas H. Werner, Do-Hoon Kwon
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