Abstract: There is provided an optical element having: a laminate including a reflective type polarizer for separating incident light into polarized light components through reflection and transmission, and a dichromatic polarizer, wherein a variation of hue between two points calculated by the expression: {(x2−x1)2+(y2−y1)2} is not larger than 0.06 when x1 and y1 express a hue at a point with a predetermined elevation angle and any azimuth angle, and x2 and y2 express a hue at another point with the same elevation angle and a changed azimuth angle in the case where transmitted light is obliquely viewed in the condition that the laminate is disposed on a planar light source so that the reflective type polarizer is located in an inner side. An illuminator having the above planar light source and laminate and including a reflection layers on its rear surface side, is disposed behind a liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: A digital camera includes a CPU. When a memory card is attached to the digital camera, the CPU determines as to a format formed on the memory card. If the format is a normal format, the CPU changes the normal format to an optimal format. However, where an image file is already stored in the memory card or a directory for a file other than the image file is formed, the CPU does not change the format.

Abstract: An internal intermediate pressure type two-stage compression rotary compressor (10) is provided with an electrically driven element (14) disposed within a sealed vessel (12), and first and second rotary compression elements (32, 34) driven by the electrically driven element (14), and is structured such as to discharge CO2 refrigerant gas compressed at a first stage by the first rotary compression element (32) within the sealed vessel (12) and compress the discharged refrigerant gas having an intermediate pressure at a second stage by the second rotary compression element (34) via an accumulator (106). The rotary compression elements (32, 34) include upper and lower cylinders (38, 40), upper and lower rollers (46, 48) eccentrically rotating within the cylinder and upper and lower vanes (50, 52) brought into contact with the rollers so as to section the inner portions of the upper and lower cylinders into high pressure chambers and low pressure chambers.

Abstract: An n-GaAs current blocking layer is formed on a p-AlGaInP first cladding layer, on sides of a ridge portion and in a region on the upper surface of the ridge portion above a window region. Raised portions are formed in a p-GaAs cap layer in regions in the vicinity of facets, while raised regions are formed in the regions of a first electrode in the vicinity of the facets. A second electrode having a thickness larger than the height of the raised regions is formed on the region between the raised regions of the first electrode.

Abstract: One of two images is selectively displayed on a single displaying screen of a display 11. The light of the displayed image is reflected from a mirror 13a and a half-mirror 13b toward a first reflective area 21a or second reflective area 21b of a translucent reflecting film 21 which is located in a field of view ahead of a driver's seat. An optical path is exchanged so that when the one image is displayed by the display, only the light of the one image reflected by the mirror 13a is incident on the first reflective area 21a, whereas when the other image is displayed by the display, only the light of the second image is incident on the second reflective area 21b. Two images are reflected from the translucent reflecting film 21 and visually recognized as a single virtual image ahead of a windshield 20 by a driver. In this configuration, a head-up display capable of displaying a larger image can be installed in a vehicle without being upsized.

Abstract: It is determined, in accordance with a signal supplied by a tuner and indicating a signal reception state of the tuner, whether or not signal reception has been performed normally. Then, power supply to the tuner is stopped when it is determined that signal reception has not been performed normally. Further, it is detected whether or not an antenna has been connected to the tuner apparatus. Then, power supply to the tuner is stopped when it is determined that the antenna has not been connected to the tuner apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus by which accurate correction values for thermal displacement is calculated even when the rotation of the main spindle is restarted after interruption. The apparatus has means 2, 3 for measuring the temperature near the main spindle 15, means 5 for estimating the thermal displacement of the main spindle 15 on the basis of the measured temperature and a predetermined thermal displacement calculation expression, means 7 for calculating the correction value, and means 6 which estimates the displacement delay in re-rotation caused by the interruption of the rotation of the main spindle 15, and calculates an adjusting displacement on the basis of the estimated displacement delay. The correction value calculating means 7 calculates a correction value on the basis of the thermal displacement estimated by the thermal displacement estimating means 5 alone when the main spindle 15 is started up and rotated.

Abstract: The bearing load measuring system of the present invention is a bearing load measuring system which uses a bearing cartridge as a load cell to measure the bearing load, wherein the abovementioned bearing cartridge is constructed as a double-cylinder type cartridge consisting of an inside cylindrical part that makes internal contact with the outer race in which the bearing balls, and an outside cylindrical part which is linked to the inside cylindrical part via a ring-form supporting member, and the bearing load is measured by strain gauges that are disposed on the surface of the abovementioned outside cylindrical part.

Abstract: A plate yoke has an upper surface formed with a projection and a guiding rail. A new magnet block is transported by sliding on the upper surface of the plate yoke, and is bonded side by side with the projection or a magnet block which is already fixed. During the above operation, a magnetic member is held above the plate yoke. Preferably, the new magnet block is transported toward a corner portion, with side surfaces of the magnet block held parallel to a side surface of the projection and a side surface of the guiding rail respectively. When the magnet unit and the column yoke is connected, the column yoke or the magnet unit is lowered so that a guiding rod attached to an end face of the column yoke is inserted into a hole formed in the magnetic unit. Further, the column yoke is guided by a guiding member disposed between a permanent magnet on the plate yoke and a position where the column yoke is to be connected on the plate yoke.

Abstract: There are provided the steps of forming a tunnel insulating film on a semiconductor substrate, forming a first semiconductor film constituting a lower portion of a floating gate on the tunnel insulating film, forming device isolation recesses by etching device isolation regions on the first semiconductor film, the tunnel insulating film, and the semiconductor substrate, forming an device isolation insulating film in the device isolation recesses and on the first semiconductor film, removing the device isolation insulating film from an upper surface of the first semiconductor film and thinning the device isolation insulating film on the device isolation recesses, growing selectively a second semiconductor film serving as an upper portion of the floating gate on the first semiconductor film and growing the second semiconductor film on the device isolation insulating film to extend in the lateral direction, forming a dielectric film on the floating gate, and forming a conductive film serving as a control gate on

Abstract: A heating device for heat-sealing containers by heating an end forming portion 13 of a tubular container having a rectangular to square cross section, the end forming portion 13 having four generally quadrilateral first to fourth panels 21 to 24 continuous with one another and each having a heating region 31, 32, 33 or 34 to be heated on an inner surface thereof. The heating device has a hot air nozzle 71 in the form of a bottomed tube and fittable into the container end forming portion 13 for heating an inner surface of the container.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of selecting ions in an ion storage device with high resolution in a short time period while suppressing amplitude of ion oscillation immediately after the selection. In a method of selecting ions within a specific range of mass-to-charge ratio by applying an ion-selecting electric field in an ion storage space of an ion storage device, the method according to the present invention is characterized in that the ion-selecting electric field is produced from a waveform whose frequency is substantially scanned, and the waveform is made anti-symmetric by multiplying a weight function whose polarity reverses, or by shifting a phase of the waveform by odd multiple of &pgr;, at around a secular frequency of the ions to be left in the ion storage space. It is preferable that the frequency of the waveforms is scanned in a direction where the frequency decreases.

Abstract: A connector with retainer members attachable to a panel from a direction of either a front or back wall face thereof, and easily removable from the panel. The connector comprises an insulating housing having a through hole therein with connector terminals fitted in the through-hole, flanges orthogonal to a direction of insertion and removal through the insulating housing and projected outwardly from at least one wall face of the insulating housing, comprising front and back wall faces, respectively, and a pair of retainer members having flexibility, fixedly attached to both side ends or both up-down ends of the insulating housing, respectively. The retainer members are provided with a pair of retainer stepped parts, facing each other, and there is a gap for allowing fixture of the panel between the front and back wall faces of the respective flanges and the respective retainer stepped parts of the retainer members.

Abstract: A ferroelectric capacitor adapted for a non-volatile semiconductor memory comprises a base substrate with an insulating surface, such as a semiconductor substrate formed with semiconductor elements and having a top insulator film, a lower electrode formed on the insulating surface, an oxide ferroelectric layer formed on the lower electrode, a first oxide upper electrode formed on and in contact with the upper surface of the oxide ferroelectric layer, and a second oxide upper electrode formed on the first oxide upper electrode, wherein one of the first and second oxide upper electrodes comprises SRO that laminating a first and a second oxide upper electrodes onto said oxide contains at least 0.1 at % additive and the other of the first and second oxide upper electrodes comprises IrOx. A non-volatile semiconductor memory or ferroelectric capacitor, having a PZT ferroelectric layer, excellent in characteristics, and capable of being manufactured efficiently, is provided.

Abstract: A fluid control apparatus comprises lines A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, B1, B2, B3 each removably attached to a substrate 1 by a plurality of brackets 8, 9, 18, 19, 20, and channel communication means 47, 48 which are removable upward.

Abstract: A leaf spring type coupling is described which is provided with a first leaf spring 9 and a second leaf spring 10 that absorb a deviation in the axial center of a first rotating axis and a second rotating axis via an intermediate member 8 provided between a first shaft connection member 6 and a second shaft connection member 7, wherein a second shaft coupling shaft 7 thereron is inserted and provided between a second leaf spring 10 and the intermediate member 8 so that a protrusion 7B of the second shaft connection member 7 passes through a through-hole 10B of the second leaf spring 10, and the first leaf spring 9 is inserted and provided between the intermediate member 8 and the first shaft connection member 6. Also, the intermediate member 8 and the second shaft connection members 7 are provided between the first leaf spring 9 and the second leaf spring 10, wherein the mounting angles of both of the member 7 and 8 are deviated by 90 degrees relatively to each other about their rotating axis.

Abstract: A thermosetting powder coating composition has an average particle diameter of entire particles is within a range from 5 to 50 &mgr;m, an average circularity of the particles is 0.90 or more, and a circularity of particles having a maximum number frequency in circularity distribution is within a range from 0.98 to 1.00, prepared by spray-drying an organic solvent solution containing, as a coating film forming component, an epoxy group-containing vinyl copolymer (A) having a glass transition temperature of 40° C. or higher, an epoxy group-containing vinyl copolymer (B) having a glass transition temperature of 0° C. or lower and a polycarboxylic acid (C) as an essential component.

Abstract: A checking method is described for a wiring harness having first sub-harnesses and second sub-harnesses in which the first sub-harness has a first press-fit terminal joined to each end of a first electrical cable, and the first sub-harness has a first isolator holding the first press-fit terminal and the second sub-harness has a second press-fit terminal, a crimp terminal, a connector housing for accommodating the crimp terminal, a second isolator supporting the second press-fit terminal and wherein a second electrical cable connects the second press fit terminal and the crimp terminal at opposite ends. The checking method, which is effective upon layering of the first and second isolators includes the conduct of decision steps for determining acceptance or rejection of the individual sub-harnesses after assembly thereof and a final decision step for determining acceptance or rejection of the completed wiring harness layering following of the isolators of the first and second sub-harness.

Abstract: A magnetic flux detector has a core member and an armature member. The core member generates a magnetic flux by an exciting coil receiving an excitation current controlled by an excitation current controller. The magnetic flux detector also has a search coil provided in a magnetic path for the magnetic flux, and a magnetic flux calculator, which determines the magnitude of the magnetic flux by measuring an electromotive force induced in the search coil by a change in the magnetic flux. The excitation current controller controls the excitation current to increase from zero to a predetermined value during a first predetermined time period and then to decrease to zero during a second predetermined time period. The magnetic flux calculator determines the magnitude of the magnetic flux based on the integrated electromotive forces during the first and second time periods.

Abstract: A catalyst for curing epoxy resins comprises a tetraalkylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate represented by Formula (1): wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each C1-C5 linear or branched alkyl and may be the same or different, and the halogen ion content in the tetraalkylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate is 20 ppm or less. An epoxy resin powder coating composition containing this catalyst exhibits a prolonged pot life and can be baked at decreased temperatures.