Abstract: The formation of toxic compounds such as acetaldehyde and monochlorofluoroethane generated by aerosol antiperspirant mixtures of ACH and 1,1-difluoroethane can be substantially reduced by the addition of one or more additives. Such additives include amino acids, their alkali metal, alkaline earth, ammonium and hydroxy aluminum salts, metal glycinates, hydrotalcite or analogues thereof, and complex aluminum buffering agents. The resultant mixtures are stable for at least two years under ambient storage conditions.

Abstract: Printing plates having a photoresist layer thereon that can be exposed by a computer controller laser have improved sensitivity and do not require a photomask step. We have found photoresists that include a film forming polymer, an organo azide and a photosensitive dye that absorbs light at the frequency of the patterning laser and converts it to heat energy. The heat energy in turn elevates the temperature of the organo azide above its dissociation temperature, destroying the azide in areas exposed to the light source, and solubilizing those regions.Flood exposure with ultraviolet light hardens the resist and can be performed prior to or after pattern exposure.

Abstract: Polynucleate metal hydroxide anionic compounds and method for their production. The compounds have the formula:M.sub.a N.sub.b (OH).sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.e Z.sub.f.(H.sub.2 O).sub.gwhereinM is a tri- or more valent metal ion;N is a divalent metal ion that forms a soluble salt with anions X, Y or Z;OH represents the level of basicity;X is a monovalent anion;Y is a divalent anion;Z is a trivalent anion;a is 1;b is from 0.15 to 2.0;c is from 0.3 to 5;d is from 0 to 3;e is from 0.1 to 2.25;f is from 0 to 1; andg is greater than 4 where the compound is in the form of an aqueous solution, or from 0 to 20 where the compound is not in the form of an aqueous solution. The compounds are useful for water treatment for removal of suspended solids and for various applications in the paper industry.

Abstract: The addition of an effective amount of a liquid modified diethanolamide to a calcium chloride composition, which can be a brine solution or a solid, reduces the amount of corrosion of metals by the resulting composition. The calcium chloride/diethanolamide composition can be used as a deicer composition.

Abstract: A railroad tank car can be filled with a slurry of a solid and a solvent therefor. The tank car is fitted with a feed distribution header that is provided with a plurality of predetermined spaced openings. The header is mounted in the car so that after the solids have settled, the solids are located below the distribution header and the supernatant liquid is above the distribution header. The supernatant liquid can then be withdrawn from the tank car through the distribution header and flows back to a storage tank from where it came. All of this can be accomplished with a single pump. Removing or unloading of solids from the car is effected by rendering the solids flowable with a liquor and pumping the solids from the car or dissolving them.

Abstract: The addition of an effective amount of a liquid modified diethanolamide which is suitably a reaction product of cocoamide and phthalic anhydride to a calcium chloride composition, which can be a brine solution or a solid, reduces the amount of corrosion of metals by the resulting composition. The calcium chloride/diethanolamide composition can be used as a deicer composition.

Abstract: Shrimp and other seafood can be preserved to extend their freshness shelf life by immersing them in an aqueous solution prepared by dissolving a dry mixture containing sodium metabisulfite with from 30 to 50% by weight of sodium sulfite. These solutions have excellent preservative action yet have very little or no odor of sulfur dioxide. The solutions are useful in a concentration of up to about 3% by weight.

Abstract: Alum process residues (APR) are used to remove colored contaminants from waste waters. In addition, in accordance with the invention, up to 0.1% by weight of alum and up to 5 ppm of a polyelectrolyte polymer is added to improve color removal, turbidity removal and the settling rate. The resultant APR-alum-polymer mixture together with contaminants in the waste water settles rapidly, reducing the costs of the color removal process.

Abstract: A topsoil composition comprising an alumina clay, an organic compost and sand effective to nurture and sustain plants. The proportions of the ingredients are chosen to provide good nutrients to plants, good water retention and good water drainage properties, and generally comprise at least 20 percent by volume of each ingredient, and typically comprises about 25 percent by volume of alumina clay, up to 30 percent by volume of compost and about 45 percent by volume of sand.

Abstract: The spa disposed outside the wall of the swimming pool is attached to the swimming pool, i.e., uses a part of the wall system of the swimming pool, by means of a special panel formed with an undercut or recessed portion that accepts a integrally formed at the top of the molded plastic spa. The result is a continuous flow of the wall system footing sad surrounding deck. The perimeter of the molded plastic modular spa shell is supported by panels that also incorporate the deck support system preferably an X-type brace support system used around the swimming pool. A continuous, homogenous concrete bond beam is poured around the entire perimeter of the pool and integrated spa. Operation of the pool and the spa (in either the spa spillway waterfall mode or spa mode) may be controlled by manually manipulating the valving system or by electronically activated motorized valves.

Abstract: A time-temperature indicator label for measuring the length of time to which a product has been exposed to a temperature above a pre-determined temperature is provided. The period of time of exposure is integrated with the temperature to which the indicator is exposed. The label is a composite of a plurality of layers adapted to be adhered at its underside to a product container. The label includes a printable surface layer, a longitudinal wicking strip that is adhered underneath the surface layer substantially at the opposite extremities only of the wicking strip and a lower substrate layer forming an envelope with said surface layer. A heat-fusible substance, which melts and flows above a pre-determined temperature, is applied on the surface of the wicking strip contiguous to at least one of the ends of the wicking member. When the heat-fusible substance is exposed to a temperature above the pre-determined temperature, the heat fusible substance flows along the length of the wicking member.

Abstract: A tube dryer system is used to remove moisture from solid commercial products. The present apparatus includes a condensate vessel that separates condensed steam from excess steam. The excess steam is passed through a thermocompressor and combined with incoming fresh steam to produce a combined steam feed stream having a higher flow rate at only slightly reduced pressure and reduced superheat content, resulting in increased dryer capacity and reduced steam losses with no increase in energy costs.

Abstract: A stable activated silica sol is made by reacting sodium aluminum sulfate and a solution of silica. This solution removes suspended particles from aqueous streams rapidly and effectively. The silica sol is stable for many days and thus can be prepared off-site and transported to the point of use. Further, the activated silica or colloidal silica sol solution of the invention can be continuously added to water and waste water streams, or paper making pulps, stocks and furnishes, without danger of solidifying in the transport systems.

Abstract: A cover devised to be positioned over and to overlay an opening contiguous to a swimming pool such as a stairwell opening. The cover is a preformed modular plastic unit. The cover may comprise a single molded piece or a plurality of pre-molded sections that are secured side-by-side to form a rigid unit. The cover is preferably slightly domed and provided with integrally formed strengthening ribs or channels. The dome shape facilitates flowing of water which may accumulate on the cover surface, to the rear and to the sides of the cover. Suitable means, such as pliable plastic water filled tubes, or other hold down means, function to retain the cover in place when in position, against undesirable dislocation from its covering position. The cover also facilitates the installation of a flexible vinyl liner in a swimming pool by providing means to hold the liner over, and to seal, the opening during the installation of the liner.

Abstract: The action of the bacterium Nitrobacter agilis to oxidize nitrite ions to nitrate ions in aqueous solutions is well known. We have found that if the nitrite ion concentration in solution is maintained at a level of at least 2.5 percent by weight and higher, that the activity of this bacterium is completely inhibited and the nitrite salt solutions remain stable over long periods of time.

Abstract: A face plate or framing member is thermoformed from a continuous length of longitudinal member which has a substantially flat cross section. The member is notched at predetermined locations along its length where the corners of the thermoformed face plate are situated. An enlarged opening at the apex of the notches facilitates and enhances the bending and corner forming of the longitudinal member as the member is bent along its longitudinal axis and along the the substantially flat of the member while maintaining the continuity of the longitudinal member. The thermoformed article prepared is of particular utility as a face plate or frame and may be used to cover and seal the connection such as that between a wall opening and a pre-formed stair module positioned in the wall opening of an inground swimming pool.

Abstract: An improved hydration method heat avoids clogging for the transfer, solvation, and storage of dry particulate matter for a sealed solvation hopper chamber in combination with a liquid driven eductor and equipped to be connected to a storage container. Specifically, the improvement resides in the steps of reducing the flow of the dry particular matter and flushing the solvating hopper with water automatically at predetermined periodic intervals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for intimately intermixing a first finely divided dry material into a second finely divided dry material to produce a dry blend of the two materials. In a specific application, the method and apparatus provide an improved means for introducing an homogeneously distributing a dry powdered lubricant into a dry powdered material (such as chlorine) which is to be shaped into a molded article. The means for forcibly introducing the powdered additive into the powdered material which is to be molded into a tablet form may comprise a mechanical device such as a screw type conveyer, e.g., an auger or other suitable mechanical means or it may comprise a pneumatic device which propels the powdered additive into the body of the dried, finely divided material to produce a dry blend.

Abstract: A cover devised to be positioned over and to overlay an opening contiguous to a swimming pool such as a stairwell opening. The cover is a preformed modular plastic unit. The cover may comprise a single molded piece or a plurality of pre-molded sections that are secured side-by-side to form a rigid unit. The cover is preferably slightly domed and provided with integrally formed strengthening ribs or channels. The dome shape facilitates flowing of water which may accumulate on the cover surface, to the rear and to the sides of the cover. Suitable means, such as pliable plastic water filled tubes, or other hold down means, function to retain the cover in place when in position, against undesirable dislocation from its covering position. The cover also facilitates the installation of a flexible vinyl liner in a swimming pool by providing means to hold the liner over, and to seal, the opening during the installation of the liner.