Abstract: A crystal-violet dye binding technique useful for the detection and differentiation of virulent plasmid-bearing strains of Yersinia enterocolitica. Virulent plasmid-bearing strains of the bacteria bind the crystal violet dye to form dark violet colonies while avirulent plasmidless strains fail to bind the dye and remain white in color. The method is simple, rapid, economical and highly reliable.

Abstract: Methods and mutant Bacillus thuringiensis strains are provided for controlling lepidopteran insects. Sporogenic, crystalliferous mutant strains for B. thuringiensis having the identifying characteristics of NRRL B-18195, NRRL B-18196 and NRRL B-18197 are provided for use as biocontrol agents. Said strains have the ability to produce a bypyramidal crystal composed of toxic protein and require a leucine and valine containing nutrient medium for growth, sporulation and crystal production.

Abstract: Herbicidal 1-aryl-1,2,4-triazolin-5(1H)-ones having a haloalkyl group (e.g. CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3 or CClF.sub.2) attached to the carbon atom at the 3-position of the triazolinone ring.

Abstract: A hybrid chemical/biological process which is highly effective to destroy the herbicide, Atrazine, in wasterwater solutions is herein disclosed. The process comprises subjecting the atrazine molecule in an aqueous carrier to ozone to produce the oxidized product, diamino-s-triazine and thereafter, metabolizing the diamine in soil having indigenous and selected microogranism capable of degrading the diamine to carbon dioxide. Also disclosed is a disposal system capable of preforming the process of the invention in a single system.

Abstract: A herbicidal compound which is a Q-substituted 1-phenyl-4-substituted-1,4-dihydro-5H-tetrazol-5-one in which the Q-substituent is bonded to the ring-carbon atom at the 5-position of the phenyl group and in which:Q is --CH(R.sup.2)C(R.sup.3) (R.sup.4)Q' or --C(R.sup.2).dbd.C(R.sup.4)Q';R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, or halogen;R.sup.4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;Q' is COOH, COOZ, COOR.sup.5, CON(R.sup.6) (R.sup.7), CN, CHO or C(O)R.sup.5 ;Z is a salt-forming cation;R.sup.5 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl;each of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 is, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, phenyl, benzyl or SO.sub.2 R.sup.8, or is one of said radicals substituted by halogen, alkyl or cyano, R.sup.8 being the same as R.sup.6 other than hydrogen or SO.sub.2 R.sup.8 ; said compound being one whose 5-Methoxy Analog and 5-Propargyloxy Analog are herbicides.

Abstract: Disclosed are herbicidal compounds, compositions containing them, and a method of use for the compositions in controlling undesired plant growth. The herbicidal compounds are compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which W is S or O and Z-Ph is a substituted phenyl group in which Z is -C(R).dbd.Q; R is H, lower alkyl, or aryl; Q is NR' or oxygen; R' is alkoxy, hydroxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonloxy, trialkylsilyloxy, arylalkoxy, aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or a group of the formula --SO.sub.2 R", --OCO.sub.2 R", OC(O)NHR", or --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 R"; and R" is lower alkyl or aryl. The phenyl moiety Ph is advantageously multisubstituted.

Abstract: Crops such as corn and other gramineous plants are protected from phytotoxic injury by the herbicide, 1-[2,4-dichloro-5-(N-methylsulfonylamino)phyenyl]-3-methyl-4-difluoromethy l-.DELTA..sup.2 -1,2,4-triazolin-5-one, by coating the seeds of the crops, prior to planting, with a nonphytotoxic quantity of 1,8-naphthalic anhydride. The crops are safened against phytotoxic injury when the herbicide is applied pre-emergent, post-emergent or in a pre-plant incorporated manner.

Abstract: Disclosed are herbicidal compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein W is sulfur or oxygen;X is Br, Cl, F, alkyl, or haloalkyl; Y is Br, Cl, F, methyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, nitro, or a radical of the formula --CH.sub.2 QR.sup.8 in which Q is O, S, S(O), or S(O).sub.2 and R.sup.8 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted phenyl; R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dialkylamino, carboxymethyl, hydroxy, or optionally substituted phenyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, benzyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, alkenyl, alkoxymethyl, cyanomethyl, hydroxycarbonylmethyl, alkoxycarbonylmethyl, or a group of the formula --SO.sub.2 R or --alkylene--SO.sub.2 R in which R is as defined above; or R and R.sup.1 together are a divalent alkylene radical; or a base addition salt of a compound as defined above in which R or R.sup.1 is or contains an acidic proton.

Abstract: Herbicidal utility for 2-aryl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-diones and sulfur analogs is disclosed and exemplified. Many of the disclosed compounds are novel. Methods for preparing the herbicidal compounds and intermediates therefor are also disclosed.

Abstract: Herbicidal 2-aryl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-diones, the corresponding 2-aryldihydro-1,2,4-triazine-3,5-diones and sulfur analogs of said diones.

Abstract: Novel attractants for the Mediterrean Fruit Fly, "Medfly," are disclosed. The attractants comprise isomeric blends of esters of iodo-trans-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. In use, the attractants are competitive in attraction with the "standard" Medfly attractant, Trimedlure, "TML," but are much more persistent than TML.

Abstract: A herbicidal compound which is a Q-substituted 1-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-5(1H)-one in which the Q-substituent is on the ring-carbon atom at the 5-position of the aryl group and in which: Q is(a) --CH(R.sup.1)ZR in which Z is O or S(O).sub.n and n is zero, one or two; or(b) --CH(R.sup.1)N(R.sup.4)(R.sup.5); or(c) --C(R.sup.9).dbd.NR.sup.

Abstract: A process of inhibiting enzymatic browning in mechanically injured, raw fruit and vegetable products, including juices, comprising treating the products with ascorbic acid-2-phosphate esters and ascorbyl-6-fatty acid esters, individually or in combination. The treatments may be applied in an aqueous carrier and may further comprise other browning inhibitors, polyphenol oxidase inhibitors, emulsifying agents, dispersing agents and complexing agents. Treatments tend to delay or prevent the onset of enzymatic browning or, once browning has begun, to limit the extent of enzymatic browning. Also disclosed are novel browning.

Abstract: A vaccine for immunization of swine against Trichinella spiralis "T. spiralis" wherein the immunogenic substance is inert newborn larvae of T. spiralis emulsified with a suitable adjuvant. The vaccine induces greater than 60% immunity in swine and offers a novel approach to the control of swine trichinosis. Preferably, the inert newborn larvae preparation is emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant.

Abstract: Novel lower alkyl esters of iodo-trans-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid are useful to attract the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, "Medfly," for prolonged periods of time. The esters are competitive in attraction with the current "standard" attractant, Trimedlure, but are much more persistent. The esters may be economically produced and possess the dual properties required for effective use in Medfly control programs.

Abstract: Synergistic herbicidal effect is obtained in the application of clomazone together with reduction in the rate of clomazone, by combining clomazone with a photosystem II (PS-II) inhibiting herbicide such as atrazine, cyanazine or linuron. Crops such as corn and other gramineous plants are rendered more tolerant to clomazone and to combinations of clomazone with a PS-II inhibiting herbicide by treatment of the crops or crop seeds with a safener such as 1,8-naphthalic anhydride.