Abstract: An entirely resilient or "soft" hair roller. Tubular netting surrounds a soft cylindrical member and has soft end tabs that are mutually adherent when juxtaposed in contact with one another. These hair rollers can be worn without discomfort even when the wearer's head is resting on a pillow because they lack rigid or semi-rigid elements that might press against the scalp.

Abstract: Alcohol/water mixtures, such as those produced by fermentation of biomass material, are separated by extraction of alcohol with a solvent especially suited to such extraction and to subsequent removal. Conventional distillation steps to concentrate alcohol and eliminate water are rendered unnecessary at a considerable reduction in heat energy requirement (usually met with fossil fuel). Addition of gasoline between the solvent extraction and solvent recovery steps not only aids the latter separation but produces alcohol already denatured for fuel use.

Abstract: A poach-resistant system enabling cable television subscribers to receive upon request certain programs otherwise unavailable (i.e., "secure") while precluding such reception by non-requesting subscribers as well as non-subscribers. Before transmission of such a secure program the roster of subscribers is scanned at a central control station having compiled subscribers' requests for that program, and a resulting string of pulses corresponding in sequence to the respective subscribers is punctuated with program command pulses timed to designate those subscribers who have requested the program. Transmission of the resultant program command signal string over the cable to junctions with leads to the respective subscribers' television sets results in unblocking of such junction for each of the requesting subscribers only.

Abstract: Spent aqueous liquor containing cyanide, as from ore treatment, is passed through a bed of suitable anion-exchange resin to segregate the cyanide, which is subsequently recovered in regeneration of the resin by weak alkaline solution. Both the eluted cyanide and the alkaline regenerant are recycled, if desired, for further ore treatment. A most important benefit of such procedure is nearly complete elimination of cyanide as a component of the treatment effluent. Free cyanide may be separated from complexed cyanides when present by using weak alkaline regenerant to elute the free cyanide from the resin and stronger alkaline regenerant to elute the complexed cyanides.

Abstract: Gravity flow of liquid in sewer pipes or similar conduits is determined in the absence of a weir, flume, or similar flow-rating device by sensing the depth of the liquid in the pipe, converting such depth to the corresponding rate of flow through the pipe in accordance with a known relationship of depth to flow and without performing any mental computation, and providing a readable indication of instantaneous flow rate, and/or optionally integrating the flow rate over time, recording such flow rate and/or the integrated flow, printing out one or the other, or both, etc. Apparatus for doing so includes a pressure sensor, a depth-to-flow converter, and usually a separate indicator/recorder. Unlike systems utilizing flumes or weirs, this apparatus and this method can accommodate sludge deposited in a pipe or other conduit to be monitored.

Abstract: An abrasive drill of small diameter or "micro" drill, on the order of tenths of a millimeter to about a millimeter in diameter, is provided with a concentric cored portion occupied by relatively non-abrasive material. The filled portion is small enough that during drill rotation all of the surface of a workpiece within the outline of the end of the drill is abraded sufficiently by some part of the rotating end of the drill to crumble away rather than leaving any solid core or large fragments of the workpiece. The drill composition comprises abrasive particles in a less abrasive metallic matrix. The drill is formed by deposition of matrix material entraining abrasive particles onto a taut filamentary mandrel. The mandrel may be metallic, such as copper wire or may be non-metallic, such as nylon or other synthetic polymeric textile fiber composition.

Abstract: A pressure-responsive instrument such as an indicator or recorder for use with a bubbler type of sensing probe for monitoring liquid depth or flow in a sewer pipe or the like. The instrument housing contains means for regulating the rate of bubble release to such probe and also contains means for diverting the bubble release temporarily to an adjacent bubble rate test location. The same housing also preferably carries a manifold for supporting bubble fluid containers and means for regulating the resulting bubble fluid pressure in the manifold, for connection to such probe.

Abstract: Flow velocity of a liquid stream in a sewer or water pipe or conduit is determined by injecting electrically conductive fluid transversely of the flow and measuring the time for the increased conductivity to be sensed at a given location downstream from the injection location. In conjunction with measurement of flow depth as by bubbling a gaseous fluid into the liquid stream and determining the back pressure applied thereto by the overlying liquid, highly accurate monitoring of flow rate and volume becomes feasible.

Abstract: Textile strands are bulked or crimped by lengthwise compression, accompanied by flow of propellant fluid, into a foraminous region in which the strand is confined laterally but the fluid may escape except where the strand is compressed into a compact mass. Lateral escape of the propellant fluid is utilized to control an operating condition, such as temperature of strand input into and/or speed of removal of strand from the chamber, for improved uniformity of bulking or crimping.

Abstract: A poach-resistant system enabling cable television subscribers to receive upon request certain programs otherwise unavailable (i.e., "secure") while precluding such reception by non-requesting subscribers as well as non-subscribers. Before transmission of such a secure program the roster of subscribers is scanned at a central control station having compiled subscribers' requests for that program, and a resulting string of pulses corresponding in sequence to the respective subscribers is punctuated with program command pulses timed to designate those subscribers who have requested the program. Transmission of the resultant program command signal string over the cable to junctions with leads to the respective subscribers' television sets results in unblocking of such junction for each of the requesting subscribers only.

Abstract: A probe adapted to fit an open end of a sewer or water pipe or conduit is provided with jets at an upstream portion and sensors at a downstream portion for detecting jetted fluid. In conjunction with timing means and with means for determining flow depth, such as a bubbler device, such probe provides highly accurate calculation of flow velocity by a rate computer. The velocity multiplied by the output of means for converting the flow depth to cross-sectional area of flowing liquid, provides the instantaneous flow, which integrated over time gives total flow.

Abstract: A method is provided for monitoring liquid flow in an open pipe or conduit wherein sensor means is located adjacent the invert or bed at the inside thereof and the depth of liquid is determined by the bubbler method. To minimize interferences with the liquid flow the bubble fluid is conducted from the exterior along the inside wall and to the vicinity of the flow bed in the pipe or conduit. The sensor means and the bubble fluid conductor are retainable in place by supporting means adapted to be expanded into secure frictional engagement with the inside wall of the pipe or conduit. The flow is determined by releasing the bubble fluid bubble-wise against the static pressure of the overlying liquid, sensing such pressure, indicating it in terms of liquid depth, and converting depth to flow by conventional methods.

Abstract: An abrasive drill of small diameter is provided with a cored portion that is eccentric, i.e., lacking a substantial concentric portion, relative to the longitudinal axis of the drill. The core, regardless of shape, is located so that during drill rotation all of the surface of a workpiece within the outline of the end of the drill is abraded by some part of the rotating end of the drill. The drill composition comprises abrasive particles in a less abrasive matrix, and the core is not hollow but comprises relatively non-abrasive material. The drill is formed by deposition of matrix material entraining abrasive particles onto a taut filamentary mandrel. The mandrel preferably comprises one or more round filaments, either straight or twisted together, alongside the longitudinal axis of the drill, and may be metallic, such as copper wire or may be non-metallic, such as nylon or other synthetic polymeric textile fiber composition. The drill diameter may be on the order of a millimeter or so or smaller.

Abstract: Liquid flow through a sewer or water pipe or conduit is measured by admitting the liquid into a confining region of known dimensions from an open end of the pipe or conduit at such rate as to maintain the liquid depth constant in the pipe or conduit and determining the volume of liquid entering the region within a given time period. The depth in the pipe or conduit is conveniently monitored as static pressure of liquid, as is the depth in the confining region. Air is educted from the confining region as necessary to ensure admission of the liquid thereinto at the desired rate for constant in-pipe depth.

Abstract: A probe adapted to fit in an open end of a sewer or water conduit is provided with a weir plate and with a bubble tube for sensing the depth of flow over the weir plate and, thus, determining the flow rate. A V-notch weir plate is made up of two like pieces flexibly joined at their apex, thereby enabling the probe to be compressed for ease of insertion into the open end and to be expanded therewithin for frictional retention against the inside wall of the conduit, to which the probe conforms. Except for the weir plate itself all parts of the probe lie along the wall for minimum disturbance of the flow. A gasket seals the weir plate to the inside wall of the conduit. A fisheye level on the probe facilitates vertical positioning of the weir plate.

Abstract: A probe adapted to fit into the end of a sewer or water pipe or conduit is provided with a weir plate and with a bubble tube for sensing the depth of flow over the weir and thus, determining the flow rate. A V-notch weir plate is made up of a pair of partially overlapping pieces individually joined to flexible supporting means, and one or both disjoined therefrom at the overlap. The angle of the V varies upon flexing of the supporting means, as when compressed for insertion into a pipe, and the apex of the V is at the beginning of the overlap, above the invert of the pipe when in place. The bubble tube has one or more bubble outlets at the apex level but preferably spaced upstream somewhat. Except for the weir plate itself all parts of the probe inside the pipe lie along the pipe wall for minimum disturbance of the flow.

Abstract: A standardized system of color or shade selection and application is provided for crown and bridge prosthodontia, especially involving composite metal-ceramic crowns and bridges, using commercially available dental porcelains. A prosthodontic shade guide holds removable shade selectors to present separately distinct gingival and incisal shades of dental porcelain in accordance with their appearance on metal crowns and bridges. Each gingival shade selector comprises a thin opaque backing layer overlain by a thicker tapering body layer on a concave support, while each incisal shade selector comprises a thick tapering convex layer suitably supported. In the instance of a crown, the tooth is reduced dimensionally corresponding to the shade selector thicknesses (both gingival and incisal), and the crown is fabricated to a basic thickness to accommodate the respective layers.

Abstract: Liquid flow in an open channel is monitored by sensing pressure of overlying liquid as depth thereof, transmitting changes in the sensed depth to means for characterizing depth as flow, and indicating the liquid flow so characterized. The pressure sensing and the transmittal of changes in sensed depth are accomplished pneumatically, via a bubbler tube and bellows plus self-balancing cam-and-valve means for controlling rotation of an air motor.