Abstract: In a method of synthesizing a mostly CHA-type silicoaluminophosphate sieve, a reaction mixture comprises sources of water, silicon, aluminum, phosphorus, and a template. In one aspect, the inorganic phosphorus and silicon sources are first combined to form a primary mixture that is aged. Then, the aluminum source is added, followed optionally by any organic phosphorus source, and then the template, to form the synthesis mixture. After heating at <10° C./hr to induce crystallization, in this aspect, both the crystallized sieve has an average crystal size ?1.5 ?m and/or is recovered in a yield of ?10.0 wt %. In another aspect, when the synthesis mixture Si/Al2 ratio is <0.33, crystallization is induced. Advantageously, the sieve so crystallized has a template efficiency of ?0.5 and/or is recovered in a yield of ?10.0 wt %. The molecular sieve from both aspects can be used in a hydrocarbon (oxygenates-to-olefins) conversion process.

Abstract: The present invention provides pyrolysis products that have greater stability than pyrolysis products obtained from conventional pyrolysis production processes. The invention involves pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of a basic metal oxide catalyst to produce a pyrolysis product. The pyrolysis product of the present invention can advantageously be particularly high in alcohol content.

Abstract: In a method of synthesizing a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve having 90+% CHA framework-type character, a reaction mixture is prepared comprising sources of water, silicon, aluminum, and phosphorus, as well as an organic template. In one aspect, the reaction mixture is heated at more than 10° C./hour to a crystallization temperature and is retained at the crystallization temperature or within the crystallization temperature range for a crystallization time from 16 hours to 350 hours to produce the silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve. In another aspect, the reaction mixture is heated at less than 10° C./hour to a crystallization temperature from about 150° C. to about 225° C. and is then retained there for less than 10 hours to produce the silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve. The molecular sieve can then be recovered from the reaction mixture and, preferably, used in a hydrocarbon conversion process, such as oxygenates to olefins.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for impregnating a molecular sieve primary catalyst with an aromatic co-catalyst, the method comprising contacting the small pore molecular sieve primary catalyst having a porous framework structure with a combination of from at least 50 wt % to about 99.9 wt % of an aromatic co-catalyst and from about 0.1 wt % to less than 50 wt % of a polar impregnation agent containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and boron, under conditions sufficient to impregnate the porous framework structure of the primary catalyst with the aromatic co-catalyst (and optionally also with the polar impregnation agent), thus forming an integrated catalyst system. Methods for converting oxygenates to olefins using said integrated catalyst system are also described herein.

Abstract: Methods for hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon feedstocks, including hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, using rejuvenated supported metallic catalysts are provided. The supported metallic catalysts comprised of a Group VIII metal, a Group VIB metal, are rejuvenated by a process making use of these metals, an organic complexing agent, and optionally an organic additive. The rejuvenation includes stripping and regeneration of a spent or partially spent catalyst, followed by impregnation with metals and at least one organic compound. The impregnated, regenerated catalysts are dried, calcined, and sulfided.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of treating a porous crystalline molecular sieve having a pore size less than or equal to about 5 Angstroms to decrease its coke selectivity in oxygenate to olefin conversion reactions. The method comprises contacting the molecular sieve with an acid having a kinetic diameter greater than or equal to that of acetic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for upgrading hydrocarbonaceous feedstreams by hydroprocessing using bulk bimetallic catalysts. More particularly, the invention relates to a catalytic hydrotreating process for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen from a hydrocarbon feed such as a fuel or a lubricating oil feed. The catalyst is a bulk catalyst containing a Group VIII metal and a Group VIB metal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for activating a hydroprocessing catalyst and the use of activated catalyst for hydroprocessing. More particularly, hydroprocessing catalysts are activated in the presence of carbon monoxide. The catalysts that have been activated by CO treatment have improved activity.

Abstract: In a method of synthesizing a silicoaluminophosphate or aluminophosphate molecular sieve comprising a CHA framework-type material, a synthesis mixture is provided comprising a source of aluminum, a source of phosphorus, optionally a source of silicon and at least one organic template of formula (I): [R1R2R3R4N]+ X???(I) wherein each of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is independently an acyclic alkyl group having at least one carbon atom, the total number of carbon atoms in said alkyl groups R1, R2, R3, and R4 is greater than 8 but less than 16, and X? is an anion. The synthesis mixture can then be crystallized to produce the desired molecular sieve.

Abstract: In a method of synthesizing an aluminophosphate or metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve, a synthesis mixture is provided comprising water, a source of aluminum, a source of phosphorus, optionally a source of a metal other than aluminum, a tertiary amine, and an alkylating agent capable of reacting with said tertiary amine to form a quaternary ammonium compound capable of directing the synthesis of said molecular sieve. The synthesis mixture is maintained under conditions sufficient to cause the alkylating agent to react with the tertiary amine to produce the quaternary ammonium compound and to induce crystallization of the molecular sieve.

Abstract: Catalysts for experimentation are produced having a controlled matrix pore structure. The manufacturing process utilizes tape casting in the drying procedure in which a catalyst slurry is cast on a substrate and dried at a temperature of between about 50° C. to 200° C. for a period of time of about 0.1 to 1.0 hour. The dried catalyst particles can be removed from the substrate by several techniques, including scraping, burning, and deforming the substrate material. The resulting catalytic particles can be produced in an amount of about ca. 3 g to 300 g from slurries with volumes between 5 cc to 500 cc, which are suitable for small scale FCC reactors and for high throughput experimentation.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve, the process comprising the steps of: (a) combining at least one silicon source, at least one metal source, at least one structure-directing-agent (R), at least one phosphorus source, and at least one aluminum source to form a mixture having a molar composition according to formula: (n)Si:Al2:(m)P:(x)R:(y)H2O:(z)M wherein n is in the range of from about 0.005 to about 0.6, m is in the range of from about 1.2 to about 2.4, x is in the range of from about 0.5 to about 2, y is in the range of from about 10 to about 60, and z is in the range of from about 0.001 to 1; and (b) submitting the mixture to crystallization conditions to form the metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve, wherein the metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve has an X-ray diffraction pattern having a FWHM greater than 0.10 degree (2?) and an AEI/CHA framework type ratio of from about 0/100 to about 40/60 as determined by DIFFaX analysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for forming mixed alcohols containing methanol and ethanol. The mixed alcohol can then be used as a feedstock for an oxygenate-to-olefin reaction system for conversion thereof to ethylene, propylene, and the like. In addition, the olefins produced by the oxygenate-to-olefin reaction can then be used as monomers for a polymerization of olefin-containing polymers and/or oligomers.

Abstract: A method for reducing the level of elemental sulfur from sulfur-containing hydrocarbon streams as well as reducing the level of total sulfur in such streams. Preferred hydrocarbon streams include fuel streams such as naphtha streams that are transported through a pipeline. The sulfur-containing hydrocarbon stream is contacted with a mixture of water, a caustic, a surfactant, at least one metal sulfide, and optionally an aromatic mercaptan. This results in an aqueous phase and a hydrocarbon phase containing reduced levels of both elemental sulfur and total sulfur.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for upgrading hydrocarbonaceous feedstreams by hydroprocessing using bulk bimetallic catalysts. More particularly, the invention relates to a catalytic hydrotreating process for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen from a hydrocarbon feed such as a fuel or a lubricating oil feed. The catalyst is a bulk catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a Group VIB metal.

Abstract: A method for maximizing the contact between solid catalyst particles and a feedstock while minimizing undesirable side reactions is provided. A plurality of feedstock jets are contacted with solid catalyst particles in a reactor having a non-homogenous contact zone and a unified flow contact zone.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a reactor and process for producing methanol. The reactor includes utilizes a plurality of beds of methanol synthesis catalyst in series to form methanol product from synthesis gas (syngas). A liquid layer continuously flows across the top of each catalyst bed, with one or more conduits (e.g., downcomers) that collect the flowing liquid and flow the collected liquid by gravity down to the next bed of catalyst in series. The downcomers are sealed so that vapor does not pass upwardly through the downcomers.

Abstract: The present invention provides various processes for producing C1 to C4 alcohols, optionally in a mixed alcohol stream, and optionally converting the alcohols to light olefins. In one embodiment, the invention includes directing a first portion of a syngas stream to a methanol synthesis zone wherein methanol is synthesized. A second portion of the syngas stream is directed to a fuel alcohol synthesis zone wherein fuel alcohol is synthesized. The methanol and at least a portion of the fuel alcohol are directed to an oxygenate to olefin reaction system for conversion thereof to ethylene and propylene.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods of shutting down reaction systems. The reaction systems are those that use catalysts that comprise molecular sieves, particularly metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, especially metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves which are susceptible to loss of catalytic activity due to contact with water molecules. The methods provide appropriate mechanisms of stopping feed to the reactor and unloading catalyst to protect against loss of catalytic activity that can occur due to contact with water molecules.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of synthesising silicoaluminophosphate and aluminophosphate molecular sieves using synthesis templates that contain at least one template of general formula R1R2N—R3, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and hydroxyalkyl groups having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R3 is selected from the group consisting of 4- to 8-membered cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted by 1 to 3 alkyl groups having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and 4- to 8-membered heterocyclic groups having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms, said heterocyclic groups being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 alkyl groups having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and the heteroatoms in said heterocyclic groups being selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S. In particular, the present invention relates to the synthesis of silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves of the CHA framework type having a low silicon to aluminium atomic ratio.