Abstract: A process for preparing dinitrobenzophenones which comprises reacting benzene with ethylene in the presence of an alkylation catalyst to obtain an alkylation product containing unreacted benzene, ethylbenzene, polyethylbenzenes, 1,1-diphenylethane and heavier products, separating benzene, ethylbenzene and polyethylbenzenes from said alkylation product, recovering from the remainder of said alkylation product a fraction whose boiling points fall within the temperature range of about 260.degree. to about 290.degree. C., reacting said fraction with nitric acid at a temperature within the range of about 130.degree. to about 210.degree. C., wherein the molar ratio of nitric acid to said fraction is in the range of about 3:1 to about 8:1, and thereafter reacting the total resulting reaction product with nitric acid in oleum to obtain a nitration product predominating in dinitrobenzophenones.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for the utilization of energy in gas of low heating value. The low heating value gas is preheated, mixed with an amount of air that will provide oxygen in an amount that will limit the maximum temperature rise in a catalytic combustion chamber to avoid excessive temperatures, and delivered into the catalytic combustion chamber at a temperature exceeding about 400.degree. F. that will cause ignition of the combustibles on contact with the catalyst. In a preferred embodiment, combustion is accomplished in two combustion chambers connected in series with a heat exchanger between the combustion chambers for cooling the combustion products discharged from the first combustion chamber before they are delivered to the next combustion chamber. Approximately fifty percent of the total combustion air is mixed with the combustible gas before delivery into each of the combustion chambers.

Abstract: Spent filter clay used in the removal of contaminating organic polar-type compounds from petroleum distillates is regenerated by flushing the spent filter clay with liquid methanol and recovering and recycling the contaminated wash methanol without distillation through the filter for additional flushing of the contaminants from the clay.

Abstract: A process for cracking high metals content feedstocks which comprises contacting said charge stock under catalytic cracking conditions with a novel catalyst composition comprising a solid cracking catalyst and a diluent containing antimony and/or tin.

Abstract: A process for cracking high metals content feedstocks which comprises contacting said charge stock under catalytic cracking conditions with a novel catalytic cracking composition comprising a solid cracking catalyst and a diluent containing a selected magnesium compound or a selected magnesium compound in combination with one or more heat-stable metal compounds.

Abstract: A novel catalytic cracking composition comprising a solid cracking catalyst and a diluent containing a selected magnesium compound or a selected magnesium compound in combination with one or more heat-stable metal compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a class of novel 1-benzoyl-3-thiosemicarbazides which are useful as plant growth regulants. The present invention is also directed to methods and formulations for plant growth regulation.

Abstract: Novel quaternary phosphonium tetrathiostannates and quaternary phosphonium hexathiodistannates are prepared by the reaction of a quaternary phosphonium salt with a tetrathiostannate or a hexathiodistannate salt.

Abstract: A novel cement composition for the preparation of a novel aqueous slurry useful in cementing casing in the borehole of a well comprising (1) cement, (2) (a) a hydroxyethylcellulose ether or (2) (b) a mixture of a hydroxyethylcellulose ether and a hydroxypropylcellulose ether, (3) a polysaccharide produced as a result of microbial action and (4) a dispersant.

Abstract: A novel cement composition for the preparation of a novel aqueous slurry useful in cementing casing in the borehole of a well comprising (1) cement, (2) (a) a hydroxyethylcellulose ether having a critical viscosity or (2) (b) a mixture of a hydroxyethylcellulose ether having a critical viscosity and of a hydroxypropylcellulose ether having a critical viscosity and (3) a dispersant.

Abstract: A process for preventing the formation of deleterious coke deposits on the walls of coal liquefaction reactor vessels involves passing hydrogen and a feed slurry comprising feed coal and recycle liquid solvent to a coal liquefaction reaction zone while imparting a critical mixing energy of at least 3500 ergs per cubic centimeter of reaction zone volume per second to the reacting slurry.

Abstract: Spent boron trifluoride catalyst is removed from organic liquids by contacting the liquid with polyvinyl alcohol. For example, boron trifluoride catalyst is removed from 1-olefin oligomer product by passing the liquid oligomer through a bed of granular polyvinyl alcohol. The boron trifluoride is recovered from the polyvinyl alcohol and is recycled for use as a catalyst.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons containing vanadium are converted to lower boiling fractions employing a zeolitic cracking catalyst containing a significant concentration of a calcium-containing additive as a vanadium passivating agent.

Abstract: C.sub.4 compounds including n-butanol and n-butanal are produced by reacting methanol, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide, in the presence of a cobalt catalyst selected from the group consisting of (a) a cobalt carbonyl, (b) a hydrido cobalt carbonyl and (c) a cobalt-containing material convertible to a cobalt carbonyl or a hydrido cobalt carbonyl, an iodine promotor and a thiol defined by the formula:RSHwherein R is selected from the group consisting of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain alkyl radicals having from one to 24 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals having from three to 40 carbon atoms, aryl radicals having from six to 20 carbon atoms, aralkyl and alkaryl radicals having from six to 40 carbon atoms and halogen substituted derivatives thereof. A high degree of selectivity towards the formation of butanol and butanal is provided by using the cobalt entity and the thiol in a molar ratio in the range of about 2:1 to about 10:1, based on elemental cobalt and sulfur.

Abstract: Paraffin wax is continuously extruded through an extrusion die into a sag-free ribbon of good surface characteristics by extruding the wax at a temperature within the range of about 2.degree. C. below and about 10.degree. C. above the solid state transition temperature of the wax.

Abstract: A catalyst particularly suitable for selectively producing aldehydes, particularly acetaldehyde, which comprises (1) cobalt, (2) iodine and (3) a ligand containing atoms from Group VB of the Periodic Table separated by a sterically constrained carbon-carbon bonding.

Abstract: Olefin oligomers suitable as lubricants are prepared with a catalyst comprising boron trifluoride and a mixture of an alcohol, a polyol and a ketone. 1-Decene is oligomerized to a liquid product having a high trimer to tetramer ratio using boron trifluoride and a mixture of n-butanol, ethylene glycol and methylethyl ketone.

Abstract: There is provided a solid, particulate, catalytic complex suitable for the stereospecific polymerization of olefins prepared by reducing TiCl.sub.4, contacting the resultant reduced solid with a complexing agent to obtain a treated solid and contacting the treated solid with TiCl.sub.4 in the presence of silica which has been treated with an alkylaluminum halide. When such a catalyst complex is combined with a suitable activator to polymerize olefins, a high degree of stereospecificity is attained, the activity of the catalyst complex is reduced for polymerization control and the efficiency of the titanium employed is enhanced.

Abstract: Boron trifluoride is removed from coordination compounds contaminating organic liquids by contacting the contaminated liquid with silica. For example, boron trifluoride is removed from a boron trifluoride-n-butanol coordination compound contaminating a 1-olefin oligomer product by passing the contaminated liquid oligomer through a bed of silica.

Abstract: New N-carbamylindolines which are useful in combating unwanted vegetation by both pre-emergent and post-emergent application are compounds having the structural formula ##STR1## in which R and R.sup.3 are hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or N,N-dimethylsulfamyl, N,N-diethylsulfamyl, N-methoxy-N-methyl-sulfamyl, bromo or chloro, X is hydrogen or fluoro and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or dimethylsulfamyl, with the provision that at least one and no more than two substituents represented by R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 and X are present.