Abstract: Non-dispersant poly (meth) acrylate copolymers comprising from about 5 to about 15 weight percent butyl methacrylate; from about 70 to about 90 weight percent of a C10-C15 alkyl (meth) acrylate; and from about 5 to about 10 weight percent of a C16-C30 alkyl (meth) acrylate provide excellent low temperature properties to lubricating oils.

Abstract: Hydrocarbonaceous fuels and additive compositions therefor which comprise: a) one or more fuel-soluble manganese carbonyl compounds; and b) one or more fuel-soluble alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing neutral or basic detergent salts. These compositions preferably contain, in addition to components a) and b) above, one or more of the following: c) one or more fuel-soluble ashless dispersants; d) at least one fuel-soluble demulsifying agent; e) at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amine; and f) at least one metal deactivator. The compositions possess improved combustion characteristics (e.g., formation of less soot, smoke, carbonaceous products and/or noxious emissions), and form on combustion carbonaceous products of reduced acidity. The deposition of sludge on critical engine or burner parts or surfaces is reduced and the fuels have improved stability and demulsibility characteristics. And the fuel compositions can result in decreased fuel consumption in diesel engines.

Abstract: Gear oils and gear oil additive concentrates of enhanced positraction performance are described. They comprise: (i) at least one oil-soluble sulfur-containing extreme pressure or antiwear agent; (ii) at least one oil-soluble amine salt of a partial ester of an acid of phosphorus; and (iii) at least one oil-soluble succinimide of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having an average of 8 to 50 carbon atoms, and each of R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or alkenyl group having an average of up to about 4 carbon atoms. These compositions preferably contain one, more preferably two, and most preferably all three of the following additional components: (iv) at least one amine salt of a carboxylic acid; (v) at least one nitrogen-containing ashless dispersant; and (vi) at least one trihydrocarbyl ester of a pentavalent acid of phosphorus.

Abstract: Multifunctional viscosity index improvers for lubricating oils based on a hydrocarbon polymer holding pendant functional groups containing phenothiazine, and pendant functional groups containing aromatic amine antioxidant.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrochemical process for the production of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid from aqueous sodium sulfate solutions, said process comprising the feeding of an aqueous sodium sulfate solution into a salt splitter device comprising at least three compartments including a middle feed compartment which is between an anode compartment and a cathode compartment, wherein the feed compartment is separated from the anode compartment by a chemically-functionalized anion exchange membrane, and wherein the feed compartment is separated from the cathode compartment by a chemically-functionalized cation exchange membrane. Specifically, the chemically-functionalized anion exchange membrane of the present invention is a perfluorohydrocarbon polymer material to which has been grafted a plurality of benzo-crown ether groups which have been complexed with a metal ion selected from sodium, potassium and lithium.

Abstract: A burner is operated by continuously feeding into its combustion zone while combustion is occurring therein, (a) a middle distillate burner fuel with which has been blended in any sequence or combination a minor combustion improving amount of fuel-soluble manganese polycarbonyl compound(s), and (b) a total amount of air above 100% of the stoichiometric amount required for complete combustion of all fuel being introduced into said zone but which is below 105% of such stoichiometric amount. Preferably at least alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergent and fuel-soluble dispersant have also been blended into the fuel being used. The efficiency of operation of blue and yellow burners is thereby improved, and emissions such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide can be reduced as compared to operation of the same burner on the same unadditized base fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fuel compositions containing a base fuel and a fuel additive, wherein the fuel additive comprises a mixture of calcium and either alkali metals, alkaline earth metals other than calcium or mixtures thereof. The present invention also relates to a method for reducing emissions in engines burning said fuel compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a breakaway link and a system for its use in conjunction with underwater gear, such as fishing nets, to prevent the prolonged entanglement and subsequent stress, harm to or death of cetaceans, including whales. The breakaway link system comprises underwater gear and at least one link which will rupture, break or experience calculated material failure upon receiving sufficient load induced by the force or struggling of the entangled cetacean. The breaking of the link frees the animal from the underwater gear, thereby reducing or eliminating the risk of severe stress, injury or death to the cetacean.

Abstract: The fluids have an oil-soluble boron content of about 0.001 to about 0.1%, an oil-soluble phosphorus content of about 0.005 to about 0.2%, and either no metal additive content or an oil-soluble metal content as one or more metal-containing additives of no more than about 100 ppm. Included in the fluids are: (a) at least 70 wt % of hydrogenated poly-.alpha.-olefin oligomer fluid with a viscosity in the range of 2-6 cSt at 100.degree. C.; (b) 2-20 wt % of acrylic viscosity index improver; (c) 4-25 wt % of oil-soluble dialkyl ester of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.14 .alpha.,.omega.-dicarboxylic acid with a pour point of -45.degree. C. or lower; (d) ashless dispersant; (e) friction modifier; and (f) oil-soluble inhibitors. The components are such that the fluid has (i) a KV of at least 6.8 cSt at 100.degree. C., (ii) a BV of 15,000 cP or less at -40.degree. C., (iii) a KV at 100.degree. C. of at least 6.0 cSt after 4 hours and at least 5.0 cSt after 20 hours in the Volkswagen taper roller bearing shear stability test.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of blends of diethanolamine derivatives and biodiesel as an additive for improving lubricity in low sulfur fuels and to fuels and additive concentrates comprising said lubricity additives.

Abstract: A lubricant composition for a wet clutch or a wet brake is disclosed, which comprises a base oil having added thereto an inorganic phosphorus compound which may contain sulfur atoms and/or oxygen atoms as its constituent elements, or an amine salt thereof, or having added thereto said inorganic phosphoric compound or an amine salt thereof, and an organic polyol compound having at least two hydroxyl groups in one molecule. The composition which exhibits excellent frictional properties in a wet clutch or a wet brake, in particular, provides a high .mu.d (dynamic friction coefficient) and a high .mu.s (static friction coefficient), shows good prevention of vibration in a lock-up clutch (which is imparted with good durability for preventing such vibration, has friction coefficients free from the temperature dependence, and is effective as a shock absorber oil, a power steering oil, a hydraulic suspension oil, etc.

Abstract: This invention concerns the utilization of polymeric compounds generated from Mannich base macromonomers as lubricant oil and fuel additives or intermediates to such additives. Requisite macromonomers are generated via Mannich reaction of high molecular weight alkyl phenols and unsaturated amines. Homopolymers of the Mannich base macromonomers or copolymers with activated unsaturated monomers, such as maleic anhydride, are of particular interest as crankcase dispersants. For example, functionalization of Mannich base macromonomer/maleic anhydride copolymers with amines affords effective crankcase dispersants. Such polymeric dispersants are designed to impart superior sludge protection and improved viscometrics to lubricant oils.

Abstract: A clean performing gear oil for use in transmission oils and axle lubricants is provided. The gear oil having a Brookfield Viscosity at -12.degree. C. ranging from about 1,000 to about 150,000 cP, comprises a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. ranging from about 4.0 to about 41.0 cSt. Combined with the base oil is preferably a dispersant pour point depressant and/or a dispersant viscosity index improver. In a further preferred embodiment, the gear oil is essentially devoid of carboxylic-type ashless dispersants (e.g., succinimide dispersants) and Mannich base dispersants, thus realizing a cost saving over conventional gear oils which are used as transmission and axle lubricants. Functionalized polymethylacrylates (PMA) are disclosed as agents that improve the properties of the gear oil and allow for the omission of conventional dispersants.

Abstract: This invention relates to antioxidant compositions comprising (A) at least one secondary diarylamine, (B) at least one sulfurized olefin and/or sulfurized hindered phenol, and (C) at least one oil soluble molybdenum compound. These antioxidant compositions are highly effective at providing oxidative stability to lubricating compositions, especially for highly saturated, low sulfur lubrication base oils.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the product(s) of the polymerization of specific combinations of acrylic monomers, and optionally vinyl and/or performance enhancing comonomers, in the presence of an anionic initiator to form copolymers having a narrow molecular weight distribution. Additionally, the invention relates to the use of these copolymers as pour point depressants in lubricating oil formulations.

Abstract: Oil-based functional fluid compositions formulated for use as automatic transmission fluid, fluid for a wet brake system, or a friction-depending lubricant are improved by including in the composition a minor amount of at least one alcohol or polyol having less than 12 carbon atoms in the molecule. This results in a desirable increase in the dynamic and/or static coefficients of friction of automatic transmission or other frictional surfaces contacted by the composition. Preferred for this use is a composition formed by heating at least one ashless dispersant containing basic nitrogen and/or at least one hydroxyl group with a combination of at least (i) an inorganic acid of phosphorus, (ii) a boron compound, and (iii) a polyol having less than 12 carbon atoms, so that a liquid composition is formed. The boron compound and the inorganic phosphorus acid are preferably co-present during the heating.

Abstract: Novel terpolymers are disclosed which comprise the reaction product of a high molecular weight olefin, such as polybutene or polypropylene, with an unsaturated acid reactant, such as maleic anhydride and a di-or polyunsaturated reactant. The terpolymers are useful as dispersants in lubricating oils and fuels and are also used to prepared polysuccinimides and other post-treated additives useful in lubricating oils and fuels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for monitoring light using a photosensitive mast mounted on a support or machine. A light signal, such as a laser, is detected by the photosensitive mast which has a plurality of optical fibers distributed longitudinally along and completely around the mast. The optical fibers are of lengths which differ by very small amounts, thereby creating any desired resolution of the photosensitive mast. The optical fibers are connected to a collecting device for gathering the light signals and determining the position of the light measuring device relative to the rotating laser light source.

Abstract: Lubricants containing overbased detergents with linear, alkyl substituted, aromatic component have superior water shedding and engine performance properties.

Abstract: An oil-soluble dispersant obtainable by reacting a polyalkenyl succinic acylating agent and N-(2-(4-morphinyl)ethyl)-1,2-ethane diamine.