Abstract: A vitreous bonded abrasive article, more particularly a grinding wheel, having improved grinding performance is provided wherein the open pores of the abrasive article contain an impregnant which comprises at least one water insoluble, sulfur bearing organic substance having at least one carbon to sulfur bond, at least about 5% by weight sulfur and a melting point of at least about 30° C. said melting point being at least 10° C. below the decomposition temperature of the substance and selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl and substituted heterocyclic sulfur bearing organic substances or a mixture of said substances grinding aid. The impregnant is free of a medium, other than the water insoluble, sulfur bearing substance, in which the substance or a mixture of such substances is dissolved or dispersed.

Abstract: A synthetic aqueous machining fluid admixture, that is free of sulfur containing and chlorine containing lubricants, and usable in heavy duty machining (e.g. stamping, punching and drawing) operations comprises a) water, b) a water soluble or dispersible fatty acid or water soluble or dispersible fatty acid salt, c) a water soluble or dispersible ethylene oxide propylene oxide copolymer having at least one terminal hydroxyl group or water soluble or dispersible derivative of an ethylene oxide propylene oxide copolymer and d) a water soluble or dispersible organic phosphate ester. Methods for heavy duty machining comprise the steps of applying a force to a workpiece by a tool contacting the workpiece and applying the synthetic aqueous fluid admixture to the interface between the tool and workpiece. The fluid exhibits safety and environmental advantages in use compared to prior art fluids comprising vanishing oils while providing equal or superior lubricity.

Abstract: Bonded abrasive articles are described wherein a metal boride modified, lead-free vitreous matrix binds abrasive grains, such abrasive articles demonstrate improved performance over vitreous bonded abrasive articles with known vitreous matrices. Vitreous bond precursor materials are described including admixtures comprising lead-free vitreous precursor material and powder of metal boride(s), and admixtures comprising metal boride modified, lead-free vitreous particles. Methods are described for producing vitreous bonded abrasive articles having abrasive grains bound by metal boride modified, lead-free vitreous matrices.

Abstract: A head is positionable close to a supported composite material. A compactor on the head is movable relative to the head by a fluid actuator. A programmable valve means ports air into the actuator at several different pressures to provide variable compaction force.

Abstract: An aqueous machining fluid admixture comprises water, a sulfurized oil and a water soluble salt of a dimercaptothiadiazole wherein the weight ratio of the sulfurized oil to the water soluble salt of dimercaptothiadiazole is in the range of from about 15:1 to about 45:1. A method employs the fluid by applying the fluid at the interface between tool and workpiece in shaping or working operations of metallic and solid non-metallic workpieces. The fluid is particularly effective in grinding operations to produce improved grinding ratios.

Abstract: A head is positionable close to a supported composite material. A compactor on the head is movable relative to the head by a fluid actuator. A programmable valve means ports air into the actuator at several different pressures to provide variable compaction force.

Abstract: An aqueous machining fluid composition having improved resistance to microorganisms is provided. The fluid composition comprises in admixture: a) water, b) a water insoluble organic lubricant, c) a surface active agent selected from the group consisting of nonionic, anionic having up to and including 12 carbon atoms, and cationic surfactants and mixtures thereof and d) a water soluble polyquaternary cationic biocide. Machining processes comprising the step of supplying said aqueous machining fluid to the interface between the tool and the workpiece are also provided.

Abstract: A simple, convenient method is provided for measuring the concentration of a constituent of an aqueous fluid composition (e.g. aqueous machining fluid composition) and for measuring total alkalinity thereof.

Abstract: A single-phase method for quantitatively measuring the anionic surfactant content of an aqueous machining fluid is provided. The method is carried out at a pH value of from about 1.5 to about 3.0 and from about 9.5 to about 10.6 and involves the addition of an excess of a standardized aqueous solution of 1,3-didecyl-2-methylimidazolium chloride to the sample of aqueous machining fluid and then back titrating the excess 1,3-didecyl-2-methylimidazolium chloride with a standardized aqueous solution of polyvinylsulfuric acid potassium salt in the presence of toluidine blue indicator. Values of the amount of 1,3-didecyl-2-methylimidazolium chloride amount corresponding to anionic surfactant concentration are produced by conducting the method using a series of standard aqueous solutions containing anionic surfactant at known concentrations.

Abstract: There is provided a metalworking process, such as for example a punching process, wherein a shaping tool (eg. punch) contacts and applies a non-chip forming shaping force to a metallic workpiece (eg. blank) and there is supplied to the interface between the shaping tool and the metallic workpiece an aqueous fluid composition, having an alkaline pH, comprising water, a tall oil fatty acid, sulfurized lard oil, a sulfurized olefin, an oxyethylene/oxypropylene random or block copolymer diol having an average molecular weight in the range of from about 1000 to 8000 and an organic phosphate ester such as for example poly (1,2-ethanediyl) alpha-isodecyl-omega hydroxy phosphate. Reduced forces, lower friction and improved tool life are observed.

Abstract: An improved process for making metallic pull tabs is provided. In accordance with the improved pull tab making process comprising the steps of feeding a strip of metal into a pull tab forming die and forming the metallic pull tab the step of forming the pull tab is carried out in the presence of an aqueous based lubricant composition comprising water, an alkaline pH producing substance selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, water soluble or dispersible aliphatic amines and water soluble or dispersible hydroxyl substituted aliphatic amines, an emulsifier, a water soluble or dispersible alpha (p-nonylphenyl) omega hydroxypoly (oxyethylene) phosphate ester and a water soluble or dispersible aliphatic diol.

Abstract: A method is provided that produces grinding wheels which exhibit improved burn reduction or prevention, lower power consumption and increased penetration of metalworking fluid into the grinding zone in high metal removal rate grinding operations such as for example creep feed grinding.

Abstract: An aqueous functional fluid composition free of formaldehyde and formaldehyde producing agents, more especially an aqueous metalworking fluid composition, having improved resistance to attack by microorganisms is provided. This fluid comprises a) water, b) a water soluble or dispersible functioning agent (e.g. water soluble or dispersible organic lubricant) and c) an antimicrobial effective amount of the combination of d) a water soluble or dispersible nitrogen bearing organic compound (e.g. monoethanolamine) and e) a water soluble or dispersible haloalkynylalkyl carbamate (e.g. 1-iodo-3-propynylbutyl carbamate).

Abstract: A segmented presser member for laying fiber tows and producing composite plastic articles has a plurality of presser element disks. The disks, stacked side-by-side, are independently movable and biased against a work surface such as a mandrel or mold. An elastic band is provided on the rotary outer periphery of each disk. Each band is unconnected to elastic bands on adjacent disks. The disks and their respective bands are radially movable during the laydown and compaction of the fiber tows over the changing contour of the workpiece surface. The elastic band has a low friction face, such as, for example, a (TEFLON) film, for engaging the fiber tows.

Abstract: Aqueous machining fluid compositions, especially aqueous metalworking fluid compositions, are provided that exhibit improved reduction of friction and forces in the mechanical shaping and working of metallic and solid non-metallic workpieces. These compositions comprise a) water, b) a sulfurized organic material selected from the group consisting of sulfurized unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms and salts thereof, sulfurized unsaturated esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, sulfurized polymerized unsaturated fatty acids and salts and esters thereof, and mixtures thereof, c) a sulfurized hydrocarbon and d) an aliphatic ester of a dialkyldithiocarbamic acid.

Abstract: The total alkalinity of an aqueous metalworking fluid is monitored and controlled by a continuous titration method that continuously supplies a stream of the metalworking fluid, at a known, controllable flow rate, to a flow through chamber having therein a static mixing element. Simultaneously and separately a stream of acid titrant, of known acid concentration is injected into the flow through chamber at a known controllable flow rate. The acid titrant and metalworking fluid mix and react in the chamber and the reacted metalworking fluid exiting the chamber passed over the tip of a pH electrode. The pH of the reacted metalworking fluid is continuously monitored and the output of the pH electrode used to adjust the flow of acid titrant to the chamber until an endpoint pH valve (typically a pH of 4) is reached.

Abstract: An improved tape laying machine, more particularly an improved tape laying head assembly is provided for laying plastic tape onto a work surface to produce a reinforced plastic structure. The improvement provides means for transferring the vertical movement of at least one segment of a stacked plate segmented shoe presser member, of the head assembly, as it engages the work surface to a non-terminal segment of the stacked plate segmented shoe and a sensor means, e.g. a linear variable differential transformer, sensing the movement of the non-terminal segment to produce a signal related to the movement of the non-terminal segment that can be employed to control and direct the movement of the head assembly and/or presser member. The improvement of the invention produces a smooth shimless transition of the presser member onto the work surface, from a work surface non-engaging position, in a tape laying operation.

Abstract: An improved tape laying machine for depositing and compacting composite plastic tape onto a work surface, for producing a plastic article, has a presser shoe member for applying and compacting a strip of composite plastic tape onto a work surface, and a tail compaction member for compacting the tail of the strip of composite plastic tape that are independently actuated, coordinately movable and linked to each other. The tail compaction member has a roller that engages the strip of tape substantially rearward of the point where the centerline of the presser shoe member intersects the compacted tape applied to the work surface as the presser shoe member is in compaction engagement with the tape. The tail compaction member roller then moves along a straight line path on the tape as the presser shoe member progressively retracts from compaction engagement with the composite plastic tape.

Abstract: An improved plastic tape laying machine is provided having a spring driven spool rotationally mounted on a stationary shaft and being coupled to a flexible skid member interposed between a presser member of a tape laying head of the machine and the plastic tape being applied to a work surface. The spool applies a movement restraining force to the skid member that restricts or prevents undesired movements of the skid that lead to misalignment, delamination and other defects in a produced plastic composite article while at the same time biasing the skid against the tape detruding portion of the presser member without significantly inhibiting the working motions of the presser member.

Abstract: A method for making vitreous bonded grinding wheels having a porosity of from 20 to 55% by volume is provided that reduces or prevent shrinkage. The method includes a step of mixing unclad, non-abrasive, non-metallic, particulate, inorganic solid shrinkage control agent with the abrasive grain, vitreous matrix precursor and other ingredients for producing the wheel. Non-abrasive hexagonal boron nitride is a preferred shrinkage control agent and may be used in amounts ranging for 1 to 10% by volume based on the volume of the grinding wheel. Reduced shrinkage of wheels made by the method over comparable wheels made without the shrinkage control agent is obtained.