Abstract: A device for sealing the gap or void between the outer circumference of a pipe and a hole in a wall the pipe passes through includes a sheet metal casing flexible enough to be bent around the pipe. The inside wall of the casing includes spaced apart inner directed radial projections for containing a swelling agent that is heat activated for filling the void between the housing and pipe in a manner overlapping the gap between the pipe and the wall.

Abstract: Process for making an alkyl-substituted salicylaldehyde wherein the alkyl substitution amounts to at least 8 alkyl carbon atoms per molecule, and preferably not more than 25, comprising ozonolizing an alkyl-substituted 2-hydroxy beta-methylstyrene wherein said alkyl substitution amounts to at least 8 carbon atoms per molecule. Upon oximation of the products, useful metal extractants are produced, particularly for the extraction of copper.

Abstract: More nearly consistent quality of the coatings formed by contacting a zinciferous surface with an aqueous liquid treatment composition comprising water, transition metal cations, and fluorometallate anions, and, optionally, acidity adjustment agents can be achieved by (I) measuring the pH value of and the concentrations of transition metal cations and of fluorometallate anions in the treatment composition as it is used, (II) removing a specified fraction of the treatment composition from contact with the remainder of the treatment composition, and (III) adding one or more suitable replenisher compositions to the treatment composition, in order to maintain the measured pH and concentration values within specified ranges.

Abstract: An improved, optimized industrial process has been found for the hydrogenation of organic nitrites into primary amines, which essentially consists of contacting a dried charge of at least one organic nitrile, aqueous alkali metal hydroxide, at least one Raney slurry hydrogenation catalyst, water and hydrogen for an effective time and at an effective temperature and pressure, wherein the improvements comprise eliminating the steps of drying the charge and adding water and reducing the required water to about 0.2%. Secondary and tertiary amine formation is low, as is moisture content and neither precious metals such as rhodium, nor strategic metals, such as cobalt nor ammonia gas nor solvents are required. Surprisingly, it has been found that water levels less than that taught in the prior art are effective at suppressing secondary and tertiary amine production, while still producing repeatable product on an industrial scale and with reduced cycle time, energy and catalyst charge.

Abstract: An emulsifier composition containing: (a) from about 7 to about 15% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside of formula I:R.sub.1 O(R.sub.2 O).sub.b (Z).sub.a (I)wherein R.sub.1 is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is a divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6; (b) from about 9 to about 17% by weight of an alkoxylated linear alcohol; (c) from about 11 to about 19% by weight of linear alkyl sulfonate; (d) from about 1 to about 5% by weight of a monoethanolamine; and (e) remainder, water, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: A pump for metering liquids out of a tank into a delivery line, includes, fitted on the output side, an air-purge device which is designed to separate off gas, in particular air, entrained by the pressurized liquid being conveyed and to lead the gas away into a gas-collection space which is at a pressure lower than that of the liquid. In order to ensure reliable purging, even with corrosive liquids, the pump is designed so that the purging device has a semipermeable membrane, on one side of which the pressurized liquid acts, the other side being in direct contact with the gas-collection space.

Abstract: Described is a process using a no-rinse technique for the production of a chromium-free conversion layer on the surface of aluminum and its alloys by treating with an aqueous solution having a pH between 1 and 3.5 and containing titanium and/or zirconium plus an organic film-forming agent. The process is characterized in that the surface is brought into contact with a solution containing a) 2.2 to 22.0 g/l of Zr(IV) and/or 1.4 to 14.0 g/l of Ti(IV), b) 2.4 to 24.0 g/l of orthophosphate, c) 3.0 to 30.0 g/l of fluoride, d) 0.15 to 1.5 g/l of a water-soluble or homogeneously water-dispersible organic film former and, after a contact time between 1 and 40 seconds, the wet surface is allowed to dry, without rinsing, at a temperature between 50.degree. and 125.degree. C. Also described are aqueous concentrates for use in the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of at least predominantly linear hydrocarbon compounds olefinically unsaturated in the alpha-position with flashpoints of at least about 80.degree. as the oil phase or as part of the oil phase of oil- or water-based free-flowing borehole servicing preparations. Particular significance is attributed to corresponding drilling fluids which, together with the alpha-olefins, contain other oil phases from the field of borehole servicing preparations and are distinguished by ecological compatibility, being degradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Suitable mixture components for the oil phase are, in particular, oleophilic alcohols, ethers and corresponding esters selected from carboxylic acid esters and/or carbonic acid esters.

Abstract: A process for producing detergent tablets containing more than 10% by weight of anionic surfactant wherein the detergent tablets contain detergent components which are at least partly in hydrated form and the anionic surfactant is present in the form of one or more compounds containing up to 95% by weight of surfactants, by exposing a mixture of the detergent components and the anionic surfactant to microwaves in the frequency range from 3 to 300,000 MHz.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of preferably polar oils are prepared by adding as emulsifiers or stabilizers 0.1 to 10% to weight, relative to the oil phase, of block polyesters of the general formula (I) R.sup.1 CO--(OR.sup.2 CO)y--(OC.sub.2 H.sub.4)--O--(COR.sup.2 O)z--COR.sup.1, in which R.sup.1 CO is an acyl group with 1-22 C-atoms or a hydroxyacyl group derived from a fatty acid with 16-22 C-atoms or a hydroxyacyl group (OR.sup.2 CO) derived from a fatty acid with 16-22 C-atoms, x is a number from 5 to 150 and y and z are numbers from 2 to 75, the group (OC.sub.2 H.sub.4) x making up 10 to 20% by weight of the total molecular weight.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for the post-treatment of washed laundry containing 0.1 to 30% by weight of a water-insoluble quaternary ammonium compound, 0.1 to 50% by weight of a water-soluble quaternary ammonium compound, 0 to 5% by weight of a terpene compound, 0.1 to 20% by weight of a water-soluble acid, and 0.1 to 20% by weight of an emulsifier.

Abstract: A process for preparing high detergency or surfactant alkyl polyglycoside compositions and a purified alkyl monoglycoside and to compositions employing the polyglycosides for various end use applications. The process involves removal of a substantial portion of the monoglycoside present in a reaction product mixture containing alkyl polyglycosides resulting from the reaction of an alcohol and saccharide at elevated temperatures in the presence of an acid catalyst. Separation of the monoglycoside from the reaction product mixture may be carried out by molecular distillation.

Abstract: A bed of particulate solids including some hydrated materials can be converted by controlled irradiation with subinfrared electromagnetic radiation into a unitary porous solid that is mechanically strong enough for easy handling. When the particulate solids include typical acid to alkaline cleaner materials, a block or tablet especially suitable for automatic cleaning machinery, with a very fast dissolution rate in water, can readily be obtained.

Abstract: A process for separating a multi-component mixture containing solid or liquid organic components by treating the mixture with a gaseous entraining agent comprising a superheated carrier fluid containing a lower monohydric alcohol or a lower monohydric alcohol and water to cause constituents of the multi-component mixture to become entrained in the gaseous entraining agent, and separating the gaseous entraining agent containing constituents of the multi-component mixture from the multi-component mixture.

Abstract: The invention is associated with a refill cartridge for a stick which applies product by rubbing onto a surface, comprising a tube-like element, which is designed to be tightly closed at both ends and of which one end is designed to fit tightly onto a tube element of the stick; a longitudinally displaceable plunger with a screwthreaded bore--onto which a screwthreaded spindle of the adhesive stick projecting from the tube element is designed to be screwed--being non-rotatably guided in the tube-like element; and the tube-like element being filled with a product which bears against the plunger at one end and, the product in an extension of the screwthreaded bore, is formed throughout with a bore in which the screwthreaded spindle engages when the refill cartridge is fitted onto the stick.

Abstract: A process for producing polycarboxylic acids or salts thereof by contacting a polysaccharide with nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide at a charging temperature in the range from the boiling point of nitrogen dioxide under a particular pressure to a temperature which is 50.degree. C. higher than said boiling point, oxidizing the primary alcohol groups of the polysaccharide at a temperature which is at least about 10.degree. C. above said charging temperature to convert the primary alcohol groups into carboxyl groups, and optionally, at least partially neutralizing the carboxylic acid groups formed.

Abstract: A disinfectant-containing hard surface cleaner composition having increased bacteria count-reducing efficacy is provided by adding thereto a mixture of an alkyl or alkenyl oligoglycoside and certain C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 alkyl ethers.

Abstract: The process of producing break-resistant and storage-stable detergent tablets comprising coating powdered or crystalline detergent components present in anhydrous form or having a low degree of hydration with a hydrophobicizing agent, and tabletting the resulting mixture under pressure to produce tablets having a breaking strength of at least 150 N.

Abstract: A method for reducing the COD of water containing an emulsion of organic material in water. The emulsion contains insoluble organic material and a surfactant. The COD is reduced by mixing a cationic polymer flocculent with the water and maintaining the temperature at from 37.degree. C. to 95.degree. C. for a sufficient length of time for an organic phase and water with reduced COD to form.

Abstract: The invention relates to textile softener concentrates based on pentaerythritol and/or dipentaerythritol fatty acid partial esters. The dispersibility of such softener concentrates in cold water can be significantly improved by addition of a special emulsifier combination of quaternary ammonium compounds and nonionic compounds. The quaternary ammonium compounds are quaternized alkoxylated alkylamines and/or esterquats. Ethoxylated and/or propoxylated fatty acids or fatty acid esters and end-capped fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers are suitable nonionic emulsifiers.