Abstract: Dielectric isolation regions are formed in a monocrystalline silicon substrate through forming trenches in the substrate by reactive ion etching after having etched openings in a layered structure of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride on the surface of the substrate. The walls of the trenches in the substrate are oxidized prior to depositing polycrystalline silicon on the substantially vertical side walls of the trenches in the substrate and on the substantially vertical walls defining the openings in the layered structure.

Abstract: A buried electrical contact is made to a substrate of monocrystalline silicon through a relatively thin layer of silicon dioxide without causing damage to the relatively thin layer of silicon dioxide. This is accomplished through depositing a thin layer of polycrystalline silicon over the relatively thin layer of silicon dioxide prior to forming the opening in the relatively thin layer of silicon dioxide for the electrical contact to the substrate. After the thin layer of polycrystalline silicon is deposited, an opening is formed therein so that the thin layer of polycrystalline silicon functions as a mask to etch a corresponding opening in the relatively thin layer of silicon dioxide. Then, a layer of polycrystalline silicon is deposited over the exposed surface of the substrate and the thin layer of polycrystalline silicon to form the electrical contact through the opening in the relatively thin layer of silicon dioxide to the substrate.

Abstract: A hollow body is in the shape of a tracheobronchial tree having a plurality of segments. The hollow body is supported in a carrying container so as to be hidden from view while having its entrance opening disposed to receive a bronchoscope operated by a trainee. The hollow body has forty openings at various locations for various segments of the tree with each opening having one end of a fiber optic bundle disposed therein. The other end of each of the fiber optic bundles is supported in an opening in a backing plate. A photographic print of a drawing of a tracheobronchial tree having the same segments as the model is secured to the upper surface of the backing plate. Each of the openings in the backing plate is aligned with an opening in the print so that a light from the probe of the bronchoscope illuminates the same segment of the tracheobronchial tree of the print as the segment of the hollow body having the probe of the bronchoscope inserted therein.

Abstract: A carrier has a pair of bodies mounted on a vehicle roof in spaced longitudinal relation. Each of the bodies is mounted on the roof by a strap extending through a transverse passage in the body and having a pair of gutter hooks, one fixed on the strap and the other adjustable on the strap, for engaging gutters on opposite sides of the vehicle. The upper wall of each of the bodies has a plurality of substantially parallel longitudinal passages to support skis therein. Each of the bodies has a plate disposed thereabove and resting on the skis disposed in the longitudinal passages with the plate having a slot in each end to receive opposite ends of the strap. Ski poles may be supported on the upper surface of each of the plates and retained by the strap when the ends of the strap are clamped to each other.

Abstract: A dethatching unit is mounted for attachment to the front end of a self-propelled lawn mower, for example, so that the dethatching unit is pushed by the lawn mower and thatches the ground prior to mowing thereof. The dethatching unit includes a frame having a caster wheel at its forward end and arms at its rear end for attaching to the mower. The wheel and the arms cooperate so that tines, which are mounted in two rows on the frame, do not carry any of the weight of the unit so that the bottom tip of each of the tines is slightly spaced from the ground in its rest position. Each of the tines in each of the rows is offset from each of the tines in the other row. Forward motion of the dethatching unit causes the bottom tip of each of the tines to deflect rearwardly and downwardly as it comes in contact with grass. In their deflected positions, the bottom tips of the tines contact the thatch layer to tear it loose from the soil and ultimately flip the thatched material to fall on the ground.

Abstract: A single print element of a typewriter has the characters thereon impact a record sheet at one of two velocities depending on the area of coverage of the character. Each character on the print element is selected for printing by movement of one of a plurality of interposers with each interposer selecting two characters. One of the two characters is selected by movement of the interposer when a pair of operatively connected shift levers is not depressed while the other of the characters is selected by the same interposer when the shift levers are depressed. A vane, which extends between the shift levers and is pivotally connected thereto, is disposed in the path of movement of all of the interposers. The vane has an opening for each interposer when the print element is to impact the record sheet at the higher velocity so that the vane is not engaged by the interposer during movement of the interposer.

Abstract: A plurality of rings is mounted on a shaft for rotation therewith with each ring having a plurality of equally angularly spaced bits mounted thereon to fracture material. Each of the rings has an insert mounted in a recess in its periphery between each adjacent pair of the bits. The insert has an angled edge to fracture, rather than crush, the material between the bits as the rings are rotated.

Abstract: Each ink droplet printed on a recording surface, which has relative movement along a first axis with respect to ink droplet producing means, forms part of a character, and may be disposed in any granular position in a second direction, which is substantially orthogonal to the first axis, relative to a single predetermined position, which is the gutter stream position. Information concerning the location on the recording surface of each printed droplet relative to the single predetermined position in the second direction and to the prior printed droplet or a margin along the first axis is stored in a read-only storage (ROS). The information concerning the location of the droplet in the second direction is a voltage applied to charging means with the magnitude of the voltage in conjunction with any induction created by prior adjacent droplets of the ink stream determining the deflection of the droplet.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transducer forms a wall of an ink cavity, which has a linear array of ink jet nozzles communicating therewith. The piezoelectric transducer is preferably an arcuate sector of a cylinder having an angle no greater than 180.degree. with its mean radius, wall thickness, and its arcuate angle selected so that the arcuate sector vibrates only in a selected symmetrical mode at a selected resonant frequency when a voltage is applied at that frequency. The length of the transducer is chosen to be longer than the length of the linear array of nozzles so that the periodic pressure waves produced in the ink cavity by the transducer vibrating at the selected resonant frequency will have substantially the same amplitude at the entrance of each of the nozzles to form droplets of substantially uniform size and at substantially the same break-off point. The applied voltage selected is that which is necessary to produce uniformly satellite free droplets from the array of ink streams.

Abstract: A paper feed system for a typewriter has its rear feed rollers formed to have minimum shingling and prevent treeing when a plurality of sheets of paper is fed between the platen and the rear feed rollers by rotation of the platen. Each of the rear feed rollers includes an annular outer portion, which is formed of an elastomeric material having a hardness of 30 to 35 Shore A durometer, supported on a hub, which is non-flexible so as to be relatively rigid, having a pair of flanges on opposite sides of the annular outer portion. Each of the annular outer portions has its thickness equal to or less than its width with the spacing between adjacent annular outer portions being greater than the width of each of the annular outer portions.

Abstract: An interactive ink jet printer prints characters of a language from left to right or right to left in accordance with the direction in which the language is normally written. The signals for the direction in which a motor, which moves ink droplet supply device relative to a recording medium, the signals from a grating, which indicates the direction of motion of the ink droplet supply device and its position relative to a reference position, and the signals for the location of the ink droplet supply device at the reference position are changed whenever the direction of character printing is to be reversed.

Abstract: A selected length of a strip of material is intermittently fed past a cutting position having cutting means. The cutting means is activated only after a selected number greater than one of the selected lengths of the strip of material has been intermittently fed past the cutting position. The selected number of the selected length of the strip is variable so as to cut the same number of the selected length of the strip each time or to cut a varying number of the selected length of the strip in a sequential pattern. The selected length, which is fed during each intermittent feeding, also is variable.

Abstract: A wire matrix print head has a first group of wires activated by a first group of electromagnetic means disposed on the circumference of a circle and substantially equally angularly spaced from each other. A second group of print wires is activated by a second group of electromagnetic means disposed on the circumference of a circle with each of the electromagnetic means of the second group having its longitudinal axis out of alignment with the longitudinal axis of each of the electromagnetic means of the first group. The print head includes guide means to transform the two groups of wires, which have their ends remote from the ends causing printing disposed on the circumferences of two circles, into a row and column matrix for causing printing.

Abstract: Pulsed light is applied through a plano concave lens to a thin metal film, which is evaporated on the concave side of the lens. The lens, which is formed of a high thermally insulating material such as glass, for example, and the film are disposed within a liquid such as water, for example. The pulsed light is absorbed by the metal film, which converts the thermal energy produced by the pulsed light into elastic waves in the form of acoustic waves and simultaneously focuses the acoustic waves on an object within the water at a selected focal plane. The metal film is as thin as possible, consistent with complete absorption of the light energy by the metal film, so as to utilize the high thermal expansion coefficient of the water.

Abstract: Resiliently biased dogs of a car shifting apparatus are automatically moved by double acting hydraulic cylinders to positions in which the dogs cannot engage any car moving along a predetermined path. When this occurs, movement of the dogs from these non-obstructing positions and movement of barneys, which have the dogs pivotally mounted thereon, along the predetermined path are prevented.

Abstract: A plurality of arms is pivotally mounted on a support so that the arms may be moved simultaneously towards a central axis to produce a continuously increasing and radially symmetrical force of substantially the same magnitude at each of a plurality of points around an area of the human body having scar tissue so that precisely controlled opposed forces are produced. The arms can have their force exerting plane changed through their mounting arrangement on a carrier, which is mounted for horizontal sliding movement above the patient. The carrier is mounted on support means, which can be moved vertically to move the engaging arms into engagement with the area having the scar tissue.

Abstract: An inner cylindrical tube has its outer cylindrical surface spaced from an inner cylindrical surface of outer means to have an ink cavity therebetween from which ink is supplied through one or more ink jet nozzles. At least the inner tube is a piezoelectric material so that the inner tube vibrates radially when electrically excited to produce vibrations at a desired operating frequency whereby a stream of ink droplets is supplied from each of the ink jet nozzles. The spacing between the inner surface, which has its longitudinal axis coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the inner cylindrical tube, of the outer means and the outer surface of the inner cylindrical tube is selected so that the ink cavity is resonant at the operating frequency of the inner cylindrical tube.

Abstract: An ink jet head has coaxially disposed inner and outer cylindrical tubes with the outer cylindrical surface of the inner cylindrical tube spaced from the inner cylindrical surface of the outer cylindrical tube to form an ink cavity therebetween from which ink is supplied through one or more arrays of ink jet nozzles. Only the outer tube is a piezoelectric material so that the outer tube vibrates radially when electrically excited to produce vibrations in the ink in the ink cavity whereby a stream of ink droplets is supplied from each of the ink jet nozzles. In embodiments having only multiple arrays of ink jet nozzles, if desired, only the inner cylindrical tube or both the inner and outer cylindrical tubes can be formed of a piezoelectric material. If both of the tubes are formed of a piezoelectric material, the operating frequencies, which are preferably resonant, of the two tubes must then be matched.

Abstract: For any selected total number of scanning heads and a required minimum spacing between the scanning heads, the scanning heads are arranged in one or more arrays to read or write substantially parallel lines on a medium or surface at closer distances than the center to center distance of adjacent scanning heads in the indexing direction. The scanning heads in any array do not have to be spaced uniform distances from each other. When the scanning heads are arranged in more than one array, each of the arrays is spaced an arbitrary distance from the adjacent array in the pass direction. To arrange the scanning heads for interlace scanning, they are initially arranged in a single line in the indexing direction with their centers spaced from each other the same distance as the centers of the parallel lines, which are being read or written.

Abstract: A body, which oscillates or vibrates at resonance, is suspended from a support structure so that it has spatially linear motion along an axis for a relatively short distance. The body has two connected portions spaced from each other along the axis of motion of the body with each portion connected by leaf springs to a separate intermediate frame. The two intermediate frames are preferably disposed on opposite sides of the axis of motion of the body and connected by additional leaf springs to a main frame, which is suspended by leaf springs from a normally stationary support. If desired, the two intermediate frames may be driven out of phase with each other with one in phase with the body so that the body has a predetermined path different than spatially linear motion without materially affecting the amplitude of motion of the body along its axis of motion.