Abstract: An additive concentrate for incorporation into wax containing petroleum fuel oil compositions to improve low temperature flow properties comprising an oil solution containing:(A) a C.sub.30 -C.sub.300 oil-soluble nitrogen salt and/or amide compound wax crystal growth inhibitor formed by reaction of alicyclic C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 carboxylic acid and long chain secondary amine;(B) an organic acid to improve the solubility of (A) in the oil, which acid includes non-linear carboxylic acids including branched or unsaturated fatty acids, aromatic acids, e.g. benzoic acid, phenols, and organic phosphorus containing acids; and(C) a copolymer of ethylene and an unsaturated ester, e.g. vinyl acetate.

Abstract: Oil soluble viscosity index improving ethylene copolymers, such as copolymers of ethylene and propylene; and ethylene, propylene and diolefin; etc., are reacted or grafted with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid moieties, preferably maleic anhydride moieties, and reacted with polyamines having two or more primary amine groups and a branched carboxylic acid component, preferably alkylene polyamine and branched monocarboxylic acid having 2 to 6 aliphatic hydrocarbon branches of 8 to 24 carbons each. Or the grafted ethylene copolymer can be reacted with already formed salts, and amides, etc. of said polyamine and branched acid component. These reactions can permit the incorporation of varnish inhibition and dispersancy into the ethylene copolymer while inhibiting cross-linking with resulting viscosity increase, haze or gelling.

Abstract: An additive combination for improving the cold flow properties of distillate fuels comprises a combination of:(A) a distillate flow improver which is an ethylene containing polymer, preferably a copolymer of ethylene with unsaturated esters, e.g. vinyl acetate;(B) a hydrocarbon polymer of C.sub.2 to C.sub.30 olefin of number average molecular weight of 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.6 or derivatized version thereof, for example copolymers of ethylene and propylene, or polyisobutylene, which are used as lubricating oil V.I. improvers; and(C) a polar oil soluble compound which includes amides, salts, carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, phenates and borates, having hydrocarbon solubilizing groups, for example salts and amides of polycarboxylic acid such as phthalic anhydride reacted with hydrogenated secondary tallow amine.

Abstract: An additive concentrate for incorporation into wax containing petroleum fuel oil compositions to improve low temperature flow properties comprising an oil solution containing:(a) 3% to 90 wt. % of a C.sub.30 -C.sub.300 oil-soluble nitrogen compound wax crystal growth inhibitor having at least one straight C8-C40 alkyl chain and partial esters,and(b) at least one mole per mole of (a) of an organic acid capable of hydrogen bonding with (a) to improve the solubility of (a) in the oil.

Abstract: Oil soluble viscosity index improving ethylene copolymers, such as copolymers of ethylene and propylene; and ethylene, propylene and diolefin; etc., are reacted or grafted with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid moieties, preferably maleic anhydride moieties, and reacted with polyamines having two or more primary amine groups and a carboxylic acid component, preferably alkylene polyamine and alkenyl succinic anhydride such as polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride. Or the grafted ethylene copolymer can be reacted with already formed salts, amides, imides, etc. of said polyamine and acid component, preferably imides of alkylene polyamine and alkenyl succinic anhydride. These reactions can permit the incorporation of varnish inhibition and dispersancy into the ethylene copolymer while inhibiting cross-linking with resulting viscosity increase, haze or gelling.

Abstract: An oil soluble copolymer, useful as a pour point depressant for lubricating oils, is a C.sub.22 -C.sub.40, preferably C.sub.32 -C.sub.36, branched alkyl ester based polymer. These alkyl esters of copolymers are essentially free of olefinic unsaturation and have a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 40,000, preferably 2,000 to 15,000, optimally 2,000 to 8,000.These alkyl ester copolymers are usefully admixed with lubricants in an amount of from 0.01 to 2 wt. % based on the total weight of the admixture and are of the class consisting of a C.sub.22 -C.sub.40 branched alkyl ester of a copolymer of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 1-olefin and maleic anhydride and di-(2-[C.sub.22 to C.sub.40 ] alkyl) fumarate-vinyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylate e.g. acetate copolymer.

Abstract: Dispersants and basic magnesium detergents tend to interact when mixed in additive concentrates and in bulk lubricants resulting in an undesirable increase in viscosity. It has been found that this problem may be significantly reduced if the dispersant is prereacted with a basic salt containing an alkali metal such as sodium, preferably in an amount corresponding to at least 0.001 gram atoms alkali metal per 100 grams dispersant. The reaction product may be used in concentrates containing basic magnesium detergents for use in lubricants.

Abstract: Improved dispersion of silicone antifoams in lubricating compositions is achieved by dissolving the antifoam in an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon of molecular weight below 330 and with a flash point above 140.degree. C.

Abstract: Oil-soluble, higher dialkyl amine derivatives, such as di-C.sub.16 to C.sub.40 alkyl amine amides and/or salts of ortho phthalic acid or anhydride are novel compounds useful as additives in distillate fuel oil.

Abstract: This invention relates to oil soluble, nitrogen containing sulfonated polymers useful as additives for lubricating oil and fuel oil, which are effective as dispersants and viscosity modifiers. The polymeric dispersant additives are ionic polymers which comprise a backbone substantially soluble in the fuel or lubricant, and pendant ionic groups which are sulfonic acid groups which may be nuetralized with an ammonium cation or an amine. Polymeric dispersant additives of this type may be made which are particularly useful in crankcase lubricating oils for imparting viscosity improvement, varnish inhibition, oxidation inhibition and detergency to the lubricant. These additives may also impart rust preventive properties to the oil or fuel, and as V.I. improvers they can be formed to have particularly good low temperature viscosity effects in lubricating oil.

Abstract: An additive combination for improving the cold flow properties of distillate fuels comprises a combination of:(A) a distillate flow improver which is an ethylene containing polymer, preferably a copolymer of ethylene with unsaturated esters, e.g. vinyl acetate;(B) a hydrocarbon polymer of C.sub.2 to C.sub.30 olefin of number average molecular weight of 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.6 or derivatized version thereof, for example copolymers of ethylene and propylene, or polyisobutylene, which are used as lubricating oil V.I. improvers; and(C) a polar oil soluble compound which includes amides, salts, carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, phenates and borates, having hydrocarbon solubilizing groups, for example salts and amides of polycarboxylic acid such as phthalic anhydride reacted with hydrogenated secondary tallow amine.

Abstract: This invention relates to oil soluble, metal containing sulfonated polymers useful as additives for lubricating oils or hydrocarbon fuels and which are effective as dispersants. Such polymers of high molecular weight are also useful as viscosity-index improvers for the lubricating oils. The polymeric dispersant additives are ionic polymers which comprise a backbone substantially soluble in the fuel or lubricant, and pendant ionic groups which are sulfonic acid groups neutralized with a metal compound. Polymeric dispersant additives of this type may be made which are also capable of imparting excellent viscosity improvement, varnish inhibition, oxidation inhibition and detergency to the lubricant. These additives may also impart rust preventive properties to the oil or fuel, and as V.I. improvers they can be formed to have particularly good low temperature viscosity effects in lubricating oil.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of lubricating oil and a viscosity index improving amount of an oil-soluble polymer composition comprising an ethylene copolymer, preferably an oxidatively and mechanically degraded ethylene copolymer, having an ethylene content of 26-79 weight percent (35-85 mole percent), a C.sub.3 to C.sub.18 higher alpha-olefin and from about 1-25 weight percent of an alkyl norbornene having from about 8 to 28 carbons, preferably ethyl norbornene and preferably at least a pour point depressing amount of a lubricating oil pour point depressant, e.g. an alkyl fumarate vinyl acetate copolymer, whereby superior low temperature viscometrics is provided to said lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: Oil compositions comprising a lubricating oil and an oil-soluble hydrocarbon polymeric viscosity index improver such as ethylene-propylene copolymers which contain an antihazing amount of an oil-soluble metal chelating compound having a nitrogen atom and a hydroxy group separated by 2 or 3 carbons and containing a total of 5 to 50 carbon atoms. The invention also relates to the process for preparing said compositions.

Abstract: Polymers of 1,000 to 50,000 number average molecular weight, comprising 3 to 40 molar proportions of ethylene per molar proportion of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, are prepared using an ester peroxide as the free radical initiator, in a solvent, for use as wax crystal modifying agents, e.g., pour depressants and flow improvers for middle distillate fuel oil.

Abstract: An alkanol fuel, particularly ethanol, for internal combustion engines is modified by the addition of at least a corrosion-inhibiting amount of a metal passivating fuel additive whereby the corrosion-inhibition and if desired carburetor-detergency activities of said fuel is improved.

Abstract: Highly basic magnesium phenates are prepared by a process in which a magnesium alkoxy-alkoxide is hydrolyzed in the presence of a sulphurized phenol and the mixture then carbonated in which the presence of free alkoxyalcohol in the reaction mixture is minimized prior to carbonation.

Abstract: Oil-soluble sulfonated polyols and oil-soluble, partially sulfonated polyol ester reaction products of C.sub.6 -C.sub.10,000 hydrocarbon substituted C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 dicarboxylic acid materials, e.g. alkenyl succinic anhydride, are useful as oil and fuel additives. The polyol esters of dicarboxylic acids have been readily produced under reaction conditions characterized by conducting said reaction in the presence of at least a sediment-reducing amount of a hydrocarbon soluble C.sub.12 -C.sub.80, preferably a C.sub.24 -C.sub.36, hydrocarbon substituted sulfonic acid whereby sediment resulting from said reaction is markedly reduced to less than 1 vol. % and filtration of the reaction product is facilitated.

Abstract: Substituted lactone acid materials are usefully incorporated into an automatic transmission fluid (ATF) in an at least friction modifying amount to provide the ATF with a reduced rate of torque change normally found in ATF formulations when subjected to oxidative conditions. The sulfur-bridged C.sub.6 -C.sub.30 alkyl lactone acids are preferred.

Abstract: A dispersant or dispersant mixture that is useful in fuel and lubricant compositions, and that is characterized by its derivation from a long chain dicarboxylic acid material and an amino alcohol, is stabilized against oxidation by sulfurization by reaction with sulfur or with a sulfur compound selected from the group consisting of carbon disulfide, sulfides of phosphorus including P.sub.2 S.sub.5 and P.sub.4 S.sub.3, and phosphosulfurized olefins. More particularly, the dispersant so treated will usually comprise a mono or bis-oxazoline prepared by reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 dicarboxylic acid or anhydride or ester thereof, having at least 50 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group, with a 2,2-disubstituted 2-amino-1-alkanol that has from two to three hydroxy groups and that contains from 4 to 8 total carbon atoms.