Abstract: A polymeric sheet structure consists of an adhesion-promoting coating on at least one surface of the substrate. The adhesion-improving coating is produced by treating this substrate surface with an electrical corona discharge between high voltage electrodes and a grounded counter-electrode while simultaneously spraying an aerosol into the corona discharge zone. The aerosol contains, for example, an aqueous emulsion of thermoplastic and/or crosslinkable components as an adhesion-promoting agent.

Abstract: The biaxially stretch oriented, corona-treated polyester film, in particular polyethylene terephthalate film, is suitable as a base film for magnetic coatings. It exhibits the following features: at least one of its two surfaces exhibits a surface tension of at least 43 mN/m without an adhesion promoter having been added; the modulus of elasticity in the machine direction and/or transverse direction is greater than 5800 N/mm.sup.2 ; and the refractive index perpendicular to the film plane is less than or equal to 1.4900.

Abstract: A self-supporting sheet-like structure comprises a coating, which reduces sliding friction, on at least one surface of the substrate. The slip-improving coating is produced by treating this substrate surface by means of an electric corona discharge between a high voltage electrode and a grounded counter-electrode while simultaneously spraying an aerosol into the corona discharge zone. The aerosol contains a film-forming agent as a slip agent, for example aqueous solutions or emulsions of monoesters of glycerol and long-chain fatty acids.

Abstract: A novel catalyst system, a process for using the novel catalyst system, and a product made from the process is described. The novel catalyst system is specific for producing polyethylene terephthalate made from reacting terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, wherein the catalyst system includes antimony; cobalt and/or zinc, and at least one of zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium. The antimony is generally present from about 150 ppm to about 650 ppm. The cobalt and/or zinc is usually present from about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, and the zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium, as the third component, is generally present from about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm. The amounts of all catalyst components are based on the theoretical yield of the polymer. Using the novel catalyst system to produce PET drastically reduces the polymerization time without sacrificing color and clarity of the polymer produced.

Abstract: A novel catalyst system, a process for using the novel catalyst system, and a product made from the process is described. The novel catalyst system is specific for producing polyethylene terephthalate made from reacting terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, wherein the catalyst system includes at least 650 ppm antimony; cobalt and/or zinc, and at least one of zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium. The antimony is generally present from about 650 ppm to about 1100 ppm. The cobalt and/or zinc is usually present from about 15 ppm to about 60 ppm, and the zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium, as the third component, is generally present from about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm. The amounts of all catalyst components are based on the theoretical yield of the polymer. Using the novel catalyst system to produce PET drastically increases the polymerization rate. In the process, the novel catalyst system can be introduced any time before the polycondensation stage of the manufacturing process.

Abstract: Oriented polymeric film coated with polyethyleneimine is disclosed, in which the polyethyleneimine is coated in-line, i.e., during the film manufacturing process for forming the polymeric film and before heat setting the film. In-line polyethyleneimine coated polymeric film, when used to make a laminate with other polymers such as polyethylene or ionomer type polymers, shows no signs of delamination between the polymeric film and the extrusion coated polymer after 2 hours in water at 121.degree. C. at 15 psi. In-line coating polyethyleneimine on the polymeric film can occur before any orientation of the polymeric film, during interdraw, with respect to biaxially oriented film, or after orienting the film, so long as the coating occurs before heat setting the film. The preferred polymeric film is polyethylene terephthalate.

Abstract: A novel catalyst system, a process for using the novel catalyst system, and a product made from the process is described. The novel catalyst system is specific for producing polyethylene terephthalate made from reacting terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, wherein the catalyst system includes at least 650 ppm antimony; cobalt and/or zinc, and at least one of zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium. The antimony is generally present from about 650 ppm to about 1100 ppm. The cobalt and/or zinc is usually present from about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, and the zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium, as the third component, is generally present from about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm. The amounts of all catalyst compounds are based on the theoretical yield of the polymer. Using the novel catalyst system to produce PET drastically increases the polymerization rate. In the process, the novel catalyst system can be introduced any time before the polycondensation stage of the manufacturing process.

Abstract: The process of the present invention is for the surface treatment on both sides of a substrate by means of electric corona discharge, while simultaneously treating both surfaces of the substrate with a carrier gas/aerosol mixture introduced into the corona discharge zone. The arrangement for carrying out this process comprises a corona discharge device, consisting of a generator, high voltage electrodes, to which alternating current is applied by the generator, as well as grounded counter electrodes, a device for the atomization of liquid into a suspendable aerosol, which is connected via a transport line for the aerosol to the corona discharge device, and a blower, which is connected to the atomizer device and conveys the carrier gas/aerosol mixture to the corona discharge device. The electrodes and counter electrodes together form a gap for the substrate to be treated.

Abstract: A novel catalyst composition, and a process for using the novel catalyst system to produce polyester is described. The novel catalyst composition is specific for producing polyester from a lower dialkyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid and glycol, wherein the catalyst composition includes from about 20 ppm to about 150 ppm manganese; from about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm lithium; from about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm cobalt; and from about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm antimony, all amounts being based upon the expected yield of the polyester. The process for using the novel catalyst composition to make polyester includes the step of employing an effective catalytic amount of manganese and lithium in an ester interchange reaction from a lower dialkyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid and glycol to produce monomer; and using an effective catalytic amount of cobalt and antimony in the polycondensation reaction to convert the monomer to polyester.

Abstract: A polyester film having a nodule surface is disclosed. The acrylic coating is preferably a crosslinked composition having a relatively high methyl methacrylate content and specific surfactants. The acrylic coating composition is applied as an aqueous dispersion to polyester film, preferably after corona treatment of the polyester film. The nodule surface reduces the coefficient of friction of the polyester film. The coating composition comprises from 60 to 90 mole percent methyl methacrylate; from 10 to 35 mole percent of at least one modifier selected from the group of ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and mixtures of these; and from 3 to 10 mole percent of a crosslinkable monomer or a self-crosslinking monomer selected from the group of N-methylol methacrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, acrylamide, methacrylamide, and mixtures of these; with from 2 to 15 weight percent of the nonionic surfactant and at least 0.1 percent by weight of the anionic surfactant.

Abstract: A polyester film having a nodule surface is disclosed. The acrylic coating is preferably a crosslinked composition having a relatively high methyl methacrylate content and specific surfactants. The acrylic coating composition is applied as an aqueous dispersion to polyester film, preferably after corona treatment of the polyester film. The nodule surface reduces the coefficient of friction of the polyester film. The coating composition comprises from 60 to 90 mole percent methyl methacrylate; from 10 to 35 mole percent of at least one modifier selected from the group of ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and mixtures of these; and from 3 to 10 mole percent of a crosslinkable monomer or a self-crosslinking monomer selected from the group of N-methylol methacrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, acrylamide, methacrylamide, and mixtures of these; with from 2 to 15 weight percent of the nonionic surfactant and at least 0.1 percent by weight of the anionic surfactant.

Abstract: The invention is a method of producing a polyester filament which has a superior combination of tensile, dyeability and shrinkage properties. The method comprises forming a polyester-polyethylene glycol copolymer from a mixture consisting essentially of a terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol, with the polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of between about 200 and 1500 grams per mole and being added in an amount sufficient to produce a polyester-polyethylene glycol copolymer in which the polyethylene glycol is present in an amount of between about 1.0 and 4 percent by weight of the copolymer formed; forming filament from the copolymer drawing the copolymer filament; and heat setting the drawn filament. The invention also comprises the enhanced fiber formed by the process.

Abstract: Oriented polyester films primer coated with a hydrolyzed amino silane are disclosed. These silanes in the unhydrolyzed state have the formula:XSi(R.sup.2).sub.a (R.sup.3).sub.bwherein X is a radical selected from the group consisting of H.sub.2 NR.sup.1 HNR.sup.1 --and H.sub.2 NR.sup.1 HNR.sup.1 HNR.sup.1 --; the R.sup.1 's are the same or different group selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl or phenyl; R.sup.2 is a hydrolyzeable group selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkoxy, an acetoxy group or a halide; R.sup.3 is a nonreactive, nonhydrolyzeable group selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl or phenyl; (a) is an integer ranging from 1 to 3; (b) is an integer ranging from 0 to 2, with the sum of (a) and (b) being 3.The hydrolyzed aminosilane is applied to the film as an aqueous solution at any suitable stage during manufacture of the film, i.e., before or during the stretching operation, or it may also be applied to the finished film.

Abstract: The present invention describes a polymeric support film coated with a primer coating composition and overcoated with a silicone release coating, thereby forming a silicone release film. Silicone release films are well known and serve as temporary supports for an adhesive or tacky surface such as for labels, pressure sensitive tape, etc. The primer coating composition, before dilution with water, comprises from about 25 to 75% by weight of a glycidoxy silane and from about 75 to 25% by weight of a copolyester. The copolyester comprises from about 65 to 98 mol percent isophthalic acid; from about 0 to about 30 mol percent of at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid; from about 2 to about 20 mol percent of at least one sulfonate group attached to a dicarboxylic nucleus; and about 100 mol percent of glycol having from about 2 to 11 carbon atoms. Typical glycidoxy silanes that can be employed in the primer coating composition include glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

Abstract: A novel catalyst system, a process for using the novel catalyst system, and a product made from the process is described. The novel catalyst system is specific for producing polyethylene terephthalate made from reacting terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, wherein the catalyst system includes at least 650 ppm antimony; cobalt and/or zinc, and at least one of zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium. The antimony is generally present from about 650 ppm to about 1100 ppm. The cobalt and/or zinc is usually present from about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, and the zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium, as the third component, is generally present from about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm. The amounts of all catalyst components are based on the theoretical yield of the polymer. Using the novel catalyst system to produce PET drastically increases the polymerization rate. In the process, the novel catalyst system can be introduced any time before the polycondensation stage of the manufacturing process.

Abstract: Oriented polyester films primer coated in-line with a hydrolyzed aminosilane are disclosed. These silanes in the unhydrolyzed state have the formula:XSi(R.sup.2).sub.a (R.sup.3).sub.bwherein X is a radical selected from the group consisting of H.sub.2 NR.sup.1 HNR.sup.1 --H.sub.2 NR.sup.1 HNR.sup.1 HNR.sup.1 --; the R.sup.1 's are the same or different groups selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl or phenyl; R.sup.2 is a hydrolyzable group selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkoxy, an acetoxy group or a halide; R.sup.3 is a nonreactive, nonhydrolyzable group selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl or phenyl; (a) is an integer ranging from 1 to 3; (b) is an integer ranging from 0 to 2, with the sum of (a) and (b) being 3.The hydrolyzed aminosilane is applied to the film in-line as an aqueous solution at any suitable stage during manufacture of the film, i.e.

Abstract: A reclaimable polyester film is disclosed which comprises an oriented polyester film which has been coated with an adhesion-promoting coating. The coating is applied to the film as an aqueous dispersion and is dried and crosslinked by the application of heat. The coating is prepared by the free-radical emulsion polymerizable of the following components:A) 1 to 99% by weight of a polymer having carboxy and epoxy groups in the form of an aqueous system with,B) 1 to 99% by weight of at least one copolymerizable .alpha.-.beta.-olefinic unsaturated monomer, each with reference to the total solids content of the components, andC) 0.01 to 10% by weight of at least one polymerization initiator, based upon the monomer proportion of the components B), andD) 0 to 20% by weight of anionic or nonionic emulsifiers or a mixture of both, or also of protective colloids, with reference to the proportion of component B).

Abstract: In an interstice 6 between a film reel 8 and a contact roll 3, two air displacement rollers 5a, 5b are arranged parallel to the film reel 8 and the contact roll 3. In comparison with the contact roll and the winding core 2, these two air displacement rollers have a smaller diameter of about 7.5 to 50 mm. The rollers squeeze out the air boundary layers 4 at the film web layers 1 moving into the interstice 6. The contact roll 3 and one of the air displacement rollers 5a have a smooth hard surface layer with an average peak-to-valley height Ra of less than 0.4 microns and a Brinell hardness HB of greater than 10 HB 2.5/62.5. The distance between the two air displacement rollers and the contact point of film reel with the contact roll is chosen so small that new air boundary layers on the film web sections within the interstice can form only to a slight extent.

Abstract: The invention concerns a polyester film with improved abrasion resistance, dimensional stability, drawability and slip properties. The film is characterized by the fact that it contains 0.005 to 5.0% by weight of organic, preferably hardened or crosslinked, particles with narrow particle size distribution in a range between 0.01 and 5 microns, as well as a nucleating agent in an amount from 0.01 to 10% by weight, both values related to the weight of the polymers which form the film.

Abstract: Moldings having a thickness of 1 to 60 mm and made of flexible webs or rigid sheet of plastic are passed through a corona discharge treatment system consisting of high-voltage electrodes and a counter-electrode and a high-frequency alternating current voltage of 20 to 25 kHz and 20 to 70 kV is applied to the high-voltage electrodes by a generator. A corona discharge forms in the gap between the high-voltage electrodes and the counter-electrode. An aerosol formed by atomizing a liquid is blown into the corona discharge zone by means of an air or gas stream. The aerosol modifies the surface of the sheet-like molding in the desired manner.