Abstract: Spent hemi caustic effluents from cold caustic extraction of cellulosic pulps are rendered utilizable as a source of sodium hydroxide for pulp processing by heating the effluents for a period of time and at a temperature sufficient to cause the hemicelluloses in the effluents to be degraded and to substantially eliminate precipitation of the hemicelluloses onto cellulosic materials when the effluents are used.

Abstract: Esters of sulfonyl dibenzoic acid of the formula ##SPC1##In which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected from the group consisting of allyl and methallyl. The compounds are useful as additives to accelerate the crosslinking of polymeric materials.

Abstract: A process and composition for drilling a well through shale formation in sea water with an aqueous drilling mud comprising a clay -- sea water slurry containing a potassium salt of lignosulfonate. The lignosulfonate is prepared by reaction of potassium hydroxide or a salt of sulfurous acid with spent sulfite liquor at elevated temperatures. A particularly effective drilling composition also contains hydroxy acids and up to 4%, based on total solids content of the lignosulfonate, of an iron complex.

Abstract: Spent sulfite liquor is converted into a nitrogen containing, water insoluble product useful as a soil conditioner and as a slow-release fertilizer. The spent sulfite liquor is reacted at a temperature of from 170.degree. to 250.degree.C with hexamethylenetetramine or with an ammonia-formaldehyde mixture. The weight ratio of hexamethylenetetramine or ammonia and formaldehyde to SSL solids should be greater than about 0.5:1 and preferably greater than 1:1.

Abstract: Selective digital signal receiver wherein the time distances between zero crossings of the input voltage are measured with a counter. The zero-crossing counter is preceded by a circuit which, when a zero crossing occurs, is changed to the "on" state, resulting in a counting pulse for the counter, and remains in this state for a dwell time which is only little shorter than the signal-frequency half cycle. Thus, interference pulses can no longer invalidate the counting result of each signal-recognition operation.

Abstract: Controls are provided for a space-division switching network with relay crosspoint matrices, each crosspoint having four switching coils or windings. A crosspoint relay is switched when two pairs of pulses are provided simultaneously, one pulse to each winding. The switch control arrangement (called the selection unit) for each row and column conductor includes two thyristors, one at each end of the row or column with rows and columns being paired, the pairing being with columns or rows in other planes of the stage.

Abstract: The diallyl ester of 4,4'-dicarboxydiphenyl ether acts as an accelerator for the crosslinking of fluorocarbon polymers. The crosslinked polymers are particularly useful as electrical insulation coatings.

Abstract: A derivative of coniferous tree barks is produced by reacting at elevated temperatures an alkaline polyphenolic solution of a coniferous bark extract in the proportion of from 0.1, and preferably from 0.5 to 8.0 moles of a carbonylactivated halocompound per mole of monomeric unit in the polyphenol of the formula ##EQU1## or with a cyano-activated halocompound of the formula ##EQU2## wherein R' is H, HC=O, or R--c=O where R is alkyl or aryl; X is halogen and R" is alkyl, OH, oxyalkyl, aryl or OM in which M is a metal. The starting materials are the alkaline extracts resulting from the digestion of coniferous tree barks with an alkaline aqueous solution or preferably the sulfonated acid extracts of such barks. The reaction products are etherified polyphenolic compounds which are watersoluble and possess chelating characteristics.

Abstract: A fungicide composition particularly effective for the control of leafspot and dollarspot comprising a mixture in granular form of (a) a phthalonitrile of the formula ##SPC1##Wherein each X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine and bromine with at least one X being other than hydrogen, (b) for each 1275 grams of the phthalonitrile, from about 200 to 1800 ml of octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol having 9 to 10 oxyethylene groups, and (c) a carrier to which the fungicide is adhered, the carrier having a bulk density of at least 20 lbs. per cubic foot.

Abstract: Polyphenolic components of coniferous tree barks are reacted with a concentrated aqueous solution containing ammonia and sulfur dioxide to produce aminated sulfite reaction products having high nitrogen contents. The products have a number of valuable applications including utility in the agricultural field. The reaction takes place at temperatures of 130.degree. - 190.degree.C., the ratio of NH.sub.3 /bark is within the range of 0.2 - 1.2 and ratio of SO.sub.2 /bark is within the range of 0.25 - 0.4, on a weight basis.

Abstract: A switching network provides interconnections for time division channels utilizing a folded space-time-space network. The network modifies the ratios of operation frequency between space division switches and time division switches to increase the efficiency of transmission while minimizing the total volume of equipment.

Abstract: A scanner-distributor for large electronic space-division exchanges is provided to operate from a logic address to scan a plurality of points in a number of junctors. A converter translates the logic address into a 1-out-of-x code and is followed by a distribution frame which translates the 1-out-of-x code address into a physical address. Thus, growth is possible in the exchange without disturbing the sequence of logic addresses, since new junctors may be coupled in the distribution frame without requiring that changes be made in either the prior existing logic addresses or the prior wiring in the distribution frame.

Abstract: The system employs a plurality of identical processors and a plurality of memory units to which the processors have access. A single chosen processor is allotted to perform specific functions, this processor being selected in advance. At least one other processor is coupled to the system to enable it to provide the same specific functions so that it can be substituted in case the chosen processor becomes disabled. In this way, failure of the chosen processor is prevented from disabling the system.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for directing orders to peripheral devices in a data processing system having duplicate central control units. In the event one of the central control units loses access to a peripheral device, and therefore cannot transmit orders to that peripheral device, the system enables an alternative route through the other central control unit to the same peripheral device.

Abstract: In a flow switch provided for connection in a fluid pipeline, a metering piston or other flow sensor is provided for placement in a pipe in the path of fluid flow. Fluid pressure above a certain minimum will cause the sensor to move, permitting fluid flow and moving the end of a pivot arm. The pivot arm transmits motion, through a flexible rubber-on-dacron seal, to a mechanical linkage which operates an electric switch. Means are provided to adjust the pressure response of the flow sensor and to vary the travel distance of an actuating plunger relative to the electric switch. Improved bearing means are provided for transferring motion between the pivot arm and the mechanical linkage.

Abstract: The pick-up of free moisture by particulate fertilizer compositions containing a ferrous salt is reduced by the addition to the compositions of relatively small amounts of anhydrous magnesium sulfate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stored program, computer controlled telecommunications system including as its sole switching network an end-marked, multiple stage matrix network with a line side and a supervisory side. Almost all control functions including line scan and rotary dialed digit storage are included in the computer program, this procedure being possible due to the lack of need for any in-network controls. Certain peripheral circuits have appearances on both the line and supervisory side, these including an auxiliary loop usable as an overflow path providing added possibilities for completion of a path through the matrix network. The auxiliary loop is only called in on calls on which a speaking path has been established and on which the original path through the matrix network has been dropped during a change in the nature of a call.

Abstract: A jacket of a submersible pump motor is provided with an internal partition wall to provide chambers through which dry air may be circulated in the event that cooling fluid into the pump runs out. When the pump turns, its impeller forces the air to circulate around the partition wall and carry heat from hot areas of the jacket adjacent to the pump motor to be dissipated through cool outer areas of the jacket.

Abstract: A multi-frequency receiver is provided as part of a system able to evaluate the presence of 2 out of 5 signals and which incorporates 5 channel paths each including a parallel resonant circuit each of which is tuned to a distinct one of the frequencies of the 5 signals. In each channel path a first and second detection circuit is coupled to the corresponding resonant circuit and reacts when the voltage at the coupling point is larger than a respective common first or second threshold voltage, the second of which is larger than the first one. When spurious signals are received, at least one of the first detection circuits will react and the 2 out of 5 evaluation circuit is blocked. When a second detection circuit in a channel path reacts, the effect of the first one in this channel path is inhibited. Only signals having a well determined frequency combination are evaluated.

Abstract: A shock absorber is provided for automotive vehicles in which the damping force is dependent upon the position of the piston in a cylinder and therefore dependent upon the load. The damping forces in both directions of movement of the piston in a cylinder are higher in a more compressed portion than in a more expanded position of the shock absorber. The damping action for different portions of the stroke can be adjusted readily from the outside and independently for both directions of movement.