Abstract: Reversible crosslinked polymer gels are prepared by adding a degelling agent precursor to a gelation solution during initial preparation. The precursor is integrated into the resulting gel and undergoes hydrolysis to transform into an active degelling agent which reverses the gel. The process has specific utility to hydrocarbon recovery applications where in situ gels are difficult to contact with conventional reversing agents.

Abstract: A process is provided for sand consolidation treatment in a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation in fluid communication with a hydrocarbon production well bore. An immature flowing gel is injected through the well bore into a treatment zone of the formation and followed by an overdisplacement fluid which displaces a portion of the immature gel from the zone. Displacement of a portion of the immature gel from the zone establishes flow pathways through the zone for subsequent hydrocarbon production while the gel remaining in the zone matures and effectively consolidates the sand therein.

Abstract: Degasification of liquid sulfur produced by the Claus process to remove hydrogen sulfide. The liquid sulfur is caused to flow continuously through a vessel where it is contacted by a counter-flowing inert gas, thereby stripping hydrogen sulfide from the sulfur. Nitrogen and air are preferred examples of inert gas which can be used in the method.

Abstract: An offshore submersible jacket assembly having bouyancy means at the lower portion of the jacket support legs. Relatively short pile sleeves are attached in a cluster to a support leg by shear plates extending generally along the length of the pile sleeves, each sleeve being connected to the leg by a pair of spaced shear plates. Upper and lower transverse plates seal off the ends of the spaced shear plates, creating airtight compartments.

Abstract: A process for in-situ enrichment of gas used in miscible flooding in a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir. A drive gas such as methane, lean natural gas, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or mixtures thereof is used to immiscibly displace formation hydrocarbons. After gas breakthrough the produced fluid is separated into oil and gas components. The separated gas, which has been enriched with intermediate hydrocarbon compounds extracted from the formation hydrocarbons, is mixed with the drive gas injected into the reservoir so as to enrich the injected gas sufficiently to cause miscible displacement of the formation hydrocarbons. When the drive gas is carbon dioxide, methane and/or nitrogen may be extracted from the separated gas prior to being mixed with the drive gas.

Abstract: Method and means for redistributing fluid flow through a catalyst bed in a reactor by applying uniform flow resistance. A mat to which a series of uniformly spaced disks are adhered is placed within the catalyst bed. The disks are formed of a material capable of withstanding the temperatures within the reactor, while the mat is formed of a material which is not. The mat is destroyed by the heat of the reactor, leaving the disks in place. Localized high flow rates are smoothed out by the flow resistance provided by the disks, with flow taking place between the disks. Since the disks are small relative to the opening used to dump the spent catalyst, special consideration for disk recovery and handling are not necessary as the disks flow out the opening with the spent catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for selectively plugging high permeability zones of a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation by enhancing the delay associated with the in situ formation of a polymer gel. The process comprises predetermining a gelation delay time based on a formation's temperature, permeability and porosity, the distance from the well bore a region to be plugged is located, and a volumetric rate of gelation fluid injection. A gelation solution is then prepared comprising polyacrylamide a polyvalent metal carboxylate crosslinking agent, a gelation delaying agent and a buffer with a pKa of about 3.5 to about 6.8. Gelation delays are achieved by selecting the polyacrylamide concentration, delaying agent concentration and type, and buffer concentration and type, for given formation conditions. Delay times can range from several hours to several weeks at formation temperatures near 176.degree. F. (80.degree. C.

Abstract: Undesirable fluid flow is inhibited between a near well bore interval and an underlying aquifer in fluid communication therewith. A permeability-reducing material is injected into the near well bore interval and a portion of the material is selectively overdisplaced out into the formation by means of a low density gas subsequently injected into the interval. The gas desirably restores hydrocarbon productivity or fluid injectivity to the interval while the permeability-reducing material remaining in the interval inhibits fluid communication between the interval and the aquifer.

Abstract: A method of gravel packaging a well penetrating and in fluid communication with a subterranean formation or zone by sealing the apertures of a gravel pack liner, except near the bottom of the liner, against entry of slurry fluid. This prevents gravel from clogging the apertures or bridging the annulus between the liner and the well bore. An immobile gel provides the sealing function, and a breaker eventually breaks the gel, thereby permitting removal of the gel and unblocking the apertures. The gel is formed from a suitable liquid composition containing the gel breaker, and may be applied to the liner prior to lowering the liner and wash pipe into the well bore.

Abstract: A method of determining a numerical index from a cored well that corresponds to the performance data of a portion of a reservoir and a method of extrapolating the performance of such portion of a reservoir to the entire reservoir through use of the numerical index. Selected variables which affect fluid flow in the reservoir are compared by a statistical analysis computer program to performance data of the computer simulated portion of the reservoir after both the data and variables have been normalized to dimensionless values. The resulting numerical index is computed for the cored wells both inside and outside the small reservoir area, and a contour or iso-index map is drawn. Well performance outside the simulated area can be compared to expected performance through the numerical index values.

Abstract: Selective permeability reduction is achieved in a heterogeneous treatment zone of a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation by initially placing a nonselective permeability-reducing material in the high and low permeability regions of the treatment zone. Thereafter, a permeability-restoring agent is placed in the regions behind the permeability-reducing material. The agent contacts all of the material in the low permeability region, reacting with it to restore permeability thereto. However, the agent is consumed by reaction before it contacts all of the material in the high permeability region, thereby leaving a sufficient amount of material in the high permeability region to achieve selective permeability reduction therein.

Abstract: A process for retorting oil shale in a vertical retort. Recycle gas containing steam and produced gas is separated from the retort off-gas and used to heat the oil shale. The steam is present in amount by volume of the recycle gas of at least 40% and preferably 70%. The minimum particle size of the oil shale is such that the particles are retained on a screen having 1/4 inch openings. The maximum particle size is such that the particles are capable of passing through a screen having 3 inch openings.

Abstract: A process for restoring the injectivity of a well penetrating and in fluid communication with a subterranean formation wherein an aqueous treating solution comprising a mixture of an aqueous solution having no more than 30 weight percent of hydrogen peroxide dissolved therein and a mutual solvent is injected via the well to contact polymer accumulation so as to degrade and disperse same. The mutual solvent comprises alcohol, aromatic hydrocarbon, and an alkyl or alkylaryl polyoxyalkylene phosphate ester surfactant.

Abstract: A valve which minimizes fluid turbulence. The valve body has inlet and outlet ports at the end of threaded counterbores. Threaded collars mounted on the ends of the conduits are locked in place in the counterbores. A flange such as a snap ring on the conduits is engaged by a transverse wall on the collars to prevent movement of the conduits away from the valve body. A sliding valve element containing a flow opening permits fluid to flow through the valve when in open position. The interior of the valve body, the opening in the sliding valve member, the inlet and outlet ports and the inside diameter of the conduits are the same dimension with no gaps therebetween, creating a smooth bore.

Abstract: An aqueous solution comprised of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and an ethoxylated alcohol, is injected into a subterranean hydrocarbon bearing formation via an injection well followed by injection of a drive fluid. The solution displaces hydrocarbons from formation pores and the drive fluid pushes the displaced hydrocarbon and the aqueous solution toward a production well enhancing hydrocarbon production. The ethoxylated alcohol decreases solution viscosity and increases solution screen factors resulting in improved injectivity, improved mobility control and ultimately improved hydrocarbon production.

Abstract: A composition for use as a road base or levee fill. The composition comprises catalytic cracking catalyst particles in the size range of 1 to 200 microns and a binder the type and amount of which depend on the end use. Hydrated lime is employed as the binder in road base construction while hydrated lime, portland cement, fly ash or mixtures of fly ash and portland cement can be used in levee construction. The catalyst particles are present in amounts of 80% to 96% and the binder is present in amounts of 4% to 20%,both percentage ranges being determiend according to the dry weight of the composition.

Abstract: A process for the enhanced recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation wherein natural gas which is immiscible with the liquid hydrocarbons is injected into the formation via a well. The well is shut in for a period of time to permit the natural gas to render the liquid hydrocarbons mobile and thereafter the mobilized liquid hydrocarbons are produced from the well.

Abstract: A motion absorbing docking assembly for use in subsea docking operations. A tubular docking pile receives a pile head assembly in which a retractable pile head is positioned. When the pile head is impacted by a docking guide on a jacket being lowered into place, axially spaced shock cells having a common central support member absorb the relative motion between the pile head and the docking pile. This arrangement provides for absorption of twice the distance that each individual shock cell is capable of absorbing by itself.

Abstract: A process for enriching a drive gas with intermediate hydrocarbon compounds to enhance the ability of the gas to mobilize hydrocarbons within a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation. The drive gas is contacted with oil containing intermediate hydrocarbons under conditions such that the gas strips intermediate hydrocarbons from the oil. The drive gas may be further enriched upon contacting the gas with stripped oil which has been enriched with intermediate hydrocarbons under conditions such that the gas strips intermediate hydrocarbons from the enriched stripped oil.

Abstract: A surfactant solution is injected into an oil-wet fractured formation and becomes the preferred wetting phase of the matrix blocks in the formation thereby displacing oil from the matrix blocks into the fracture network. The formation is then flooded with a hot aqueous fluid to displace the oil from the fracture network to the surface while returning the matrix blocks to an oil-wet condition. The injection cycle is repeated until the formation is depleted.