Abstract: A gas distribution grid for a slurry reactor includes a plurality of gas injectors horizontally arrayed across, and extending through, an otherwise gas and liquid impervious plate. The injectors have a throat open at both ends, with a gas pressure reducing bore at one end which is the entrance end and with the other end opening into an upward opening cone. Flow diverting means in the injectors prevents slurry solids from entering the throat and being attrited by the high velocity gas jet exiting the bore into the throat. It is preferred that the gas injectors not protrude above the top surface of the grid and flat space is eliminated by means such as angular fillers, to prevent solids accumulation top of the grid. A chamfer may be present at the junction of the bore and throat to prevent unrestricted expansion of the gas jet entering the throat. This is useful for injecting gas into a reactive hydrocarbon synthesis slurry in a slurry reactor, with reduced catalyst attrition and deactivation.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch derived distillate fraction is blended with either a raw virgin condensate fraction or a mildly hydrotreated virgin condensate to obtain a stable inhibited distillate fuel.

Abstract: A high VI and low pour point lubricant base stock is made by hydroisomerizing a high purity, waxy, paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbon fraction having an initial boiling point in the range of 650-750° F., followed by catalytically dewaxing the hydroisomerate using a dewaxing catalyst comprising a catalytic platinum component and an H-mordenite component. The hydrocarbon fraction is preferably synthesized by a slurry Fischer-Tropsch using a catalyst containing a catalytic cobalt component. This combination of the process, high purity, waxy paraffinic feed and the Pt/H-mordenite dewaxing catalyst, produce a relatively high yield of premium lubricant base stock.

Abstract: Sour natural gas is processed to remove the sulfur compounds and recover C4+/C5+ hydrocarbons by scrubbing the gas with an amine solution to remove most of the sulfur, followed cooling the gas to remove C4+/C5+ hydrocarbons and more sulfur compounds as liquid condensate to produce a gas having less than 20 vppm of total sulfur. The condensate is sent to a fractionator to recover the C4+C5+ hydrocarbons. The sulfur and hydrocarbon reduced gas is contacted first with zinc oxide and then nickel, to produce a gas having less than 10 vppb of total sulfur which is passed into a synthesis gas generating unit to form a very low sulfur synthesis gas comprising a mixture of H2 and CO. This synthesis gas is useful for hydrocarbon synthesis with increased life of the hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst and greater hydrocarbon production from the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor. Contacting the synthesis gas with zinc oxide further reduces the sulfur content to below 3 vppb.

Abstract: A premium synthetic lubricant having antiwear properties comprises a synthetic isoparaffinic hydrocarbon base stock and an effective amount of at least one antiwear additive. The antiwear additive is preferably at least one of a metal phosphate, a metal dialkyldithiophosphate, a metal dithiophosphate a metal thiocarbamate, a metal dithiocarbamate, an ethoxylated amine dialkyldithiophosphate and an ethoxylated amine dithiobenzoate. Metal dialkyldithiophosphates are preferred, particularly zincdialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). The base stock is derived from a waxy, Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbon feed fraction comprising hydrocarbons having an initial boiling point in the range of about 650-750.degree. F., by a process which comprises hydroisomerizing the feed and dewaxing the isomerate. The lubricant may also contain hydrocarbonaceous and synthetic base stock material in admxture with the Fischer-Tropsch derived base stock.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch derived distillate fraction is blended with either a raw gas field condensate distillate fraction or a mildly hydrotreated condensate fraction to obtain a stable, inhibited distillate fuel.

Abstract: HCN can be removed from HCN containing synthesis gas streams useful as Fischer-Tropsch feed by contacting the feed with a cobalt containing catalyst at conditions that do not promote or catalyze the Fischer-Tropsch process.

Abstract: A hydrodenitrogenation catalyst is prepared by decomposing a nickel (ammonium) molybdotungstate precursor and sulfiding, either pre-use or in situ, the decomposition product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a semicrystalline polymer composition with reinforced spherulite boundaries and interlamellar strength, comprising a major amount of a first semicrystalline polymer and a minor amount of a second semicrystalline homopolymer or a semicrystalline copolymer and a process of making the same.

Abstract: A gas conversion process including catalytic hydrocarbon synthesis from a synthesis gas comprising a mixture of H.sub.2 and CO, produces hydrogen from the synthesis gas and upgrades synthesized hydrocarbons by one or more hydroconversion operations which utilize this hydrogen. The hydroconversion also produces a hydrogen rich tail gas which is used in the process for at least one of (i) hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst rejuvenation, (ii) the hydrocarbon synthesis, and (iii) hydrogen production. In one embodiment the tail gas is used to hydrodesulfurize sulfur-containing hydrocarbon liquids recovered from the natural gas used to form the synthesis gas. The hydrogen production is accomplished by physical separation, such as PSA, with or without chemical means such as a water gas shift reaction.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst useful for conducting carbon monoxide conversion reactions, especially a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, use of the catalyst for conducting such reactions, especially Fischer-Tropsch reactions, and the composition produced by said process. In the preparation of the catalyst, a solution of a carbohydrate, or sugar, notably a monosaccharide or disaccharide, particularly sucrose, is employed to impregnate and disperse a compound or salt of a catalytic metal, or metals, e.g., copper or an Iron Group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel, or in a preferred embodiment both a compound or salt of rhenium and a compound or salt of a catalytic metal, or metals, e.g., copper or an Iron Group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel, onto a refractory inorganic oxide support, e.g., titania. The rhenium, when present only in small amount permits full and complete reduction of the catalytic metal, or metals, dispersed by the carbohydrate.

Abstract: Supports for Fischer-Tropsch catalysts with increased strength and attrition resistance are formed by incorporating both silica and alumina into a support comprised primarily of titania; whereupon Fischer-Tropsch active metals can be composited with the support; the catalysts being particularly useful in slurry reactions.

Abstract: Supports for Fischer-Tropsch catalysts with increased strength and attrition resistance are formed by incorporating both silica and alumina into a support comprised primarily of titania; whereupon Fischer-Tropsch active metals can be composited with the support; the catalysts being particularly useful in slurry reactions.

Abstract: Cyanide and ammonia are removed from a gas, such as a synthesis gas, by catalytically hydrolyzing cyanide in the gas to ammonia, water scrubbing the hydrolyzed gas to dissolve ammonia and at least a portion of remaining cyanide, and optionally, contacting the scrubbed gas with an adsorbent for cyanide and ammonia to form a clean gas containing less than 50 vppb of a combined total of cyanide and ammonia. The clean synthesis gas is then fed into a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor wherein it produces hydrocarbons with substantially reduced catalyst deactivation and cleaner hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: A gas conversion process comprising synthesis gas production, hydrocarbon synthesis and hydrogen production from the synthesis gas, also includes hydrodesulfurizing sulfur-containing hydrocarbon liquids separated from a mixture of natural gas and the liquids produced from a gas well. Hydrogen produced from the synthesis gas is used for the hydrodesulfurization, to remove at least a portion of the sulfur as H.sub.2 S and form desulfurized hydrocarbon liquid. The hydrogen is produced from the synthesis gas by one or more of (i) physical separation means such as pressure swing adsorption and (ii) chemical means such as a water gas shift reactor. The synthesized hydrocarbons are upgraded by hydroconversion. A portion of the hydrogen produced from the synthesis gas may also be used for at least one of (i) hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst rejuvenation and the hydroconversion.

Abstract: Very low sulfur content hydrocarbon gas is achieved by sequentially contacting the gas first with zinc oxide and then with nickel metal. This has reduced the total sulfur content of natural gas feed for a fluid bed syngas generator to less than 0.1 ppm and has resulted in greater syngas productivity. A zinc oxide guard bed downstream of the syngas generator reduces the total sulfur content of the syngas to less than 10 vppb and preferably less than 5 vppb. This very low sulfur content syngas is used for sulfur sensitive processes, such as hydrocarbon synthesis. The process is especially useful for natural gas which contains H.sub.2 S, COS, mercaptans and other sulfur bearing compounds.

Abstract: A lubricating base stock useful for forming lubricants such as a multigrade automotive oils, automatic transmission oils, greases and the like is prepared by hydroisomerizing a waxy hydrocarbon feed fraction having an initial boiling point in the 650-750.degree. F. range and an end point of at least 1050.degree. F., synthesized by a slurry Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis process. The hydroisomerization forms a hydroisomerate containing the desired base stock which is recovered, without dewaxing the hydroisomerate. The hydroisomerization is conducted at conditions effective to convert at least 67 wt. % of the 650-750.degree. F.+ waxy feed hydrocarbons to lower boiling hydrocarbons. When combined with a standard lubricant additive package, these base stocks have been formed into multigrade automotive crankcase oils, transmission oils and hydraulic oils meeting the specifications for these oils.

Abstract: Discloses environmentally friendly, low temperature base oils and drilling fluids, or drilling mud compositions useful in the production of oil and gas. The drilling fluid is constituted of one or more of weighting agents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, viscosifiers, fluid loss control agents, proppants, and other particulates such as used in a gravel pack, emulsified with a paraffinic solvent composition which forms a continuous oil phase, or water-in-oil invert phase. The solvent composition is constituted of a mixture of C.sub.10- C.sub.24 n-paraffins and isoparaffins having an isoparaffin:n-paraffin molar ratio ranging from about 0.

Abstract: Discloses novel biodegradable high performance hydrocarbon base oils useful as lubricants in engine oil and industrial compositions, and process for their manufacture. A waxy, or paraffinic feed, particularly a Fischer-Tropsch wax, is reacted over a dual function catalyst to produce hydroisomerization and hydrocracking reactions, at 700.degree. F.+ conversion levels ranging from about 20 to 50 wt. %, preferably about 25-40 wt. %, sufficient to produce a crude fraction, e.g., a C.sub.5 -1050.degree. F.+ crude fraction, containing 700.degree. F.+ isoparaffins having from about 6.0 to about 7.5 methyl branches per 100 carbon atoms in the molecule. The methyl paraffins containing crude fraction is topped via atmospheric distillation to produce a bottoms fraction having an initial boiling point between about 650.degree. F. and 750.degree. F. which is then solvent dewaxed, and the dewaxed oil is then fractionated under high vacuum to produce biodegradable high performance hydrocarbon base oils.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of recycling condensate from a hydrocarbon or alcohol synthesis, wherein the condensate comprises water and contaminants such as lower molecular weight hydrocarbons, alcohols, and other oxygenates. A hot gaseous mixture comprising CH4 and steam contacts the condensate so as to strip the contaminants from the condensate. The stripped contaminants, CH4, and steam are separately recovered as a gaseous stream from the remaining purified water. The recovered CH4-containing gaseous stream may be used in synthesis gas (CO/H2) generation processes with the generated synthesis gas then being used in a hydrocarbon synthesis process to produce heavy hydrocarbons.