Abstract: A four frequency laser gyroscope system having parallel processing of path length control and detection signals. Two output signal beams each containing components of two of the four waves circulating in the laser cavity are shone upon separate detector diodes. The output signals from the diodes contain both high and low frequency components which are separated in a crossover circuit. The low frequency component is processed to control the optical path length while the high frequency component is processed to produce a digital signal representing the amount of rotation of the laser gyroscope cavity.

Abstract: A high-frequency, high-power FET constructed upon a planar substrate with a repeated pattern of gate, source, and drain connections wherein any two are interconnected with metallization layers adjacent to and separated from the semiconductor substrate. The third element is interconnected with an overlay metallization layer separated from the lower two metallization layers by an insulating dielectric. The overlay layer is preferably grounded for minimum feedback capacitance.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to a body of substantially pure isotropic boron nitride in which individual anisotropic crystals of boron nitride are substantially randomly oriented and pyrolytically bonded to form a body having substantially improved electrical and mechanical properties compared with anisotropic boron nitride bodies in which individual boron nitride crystals are hot press bonded.

Abstract: A fusing technique whereby a fuse is fabricated upon a substrate by integrated circuit techniques. Three or more layers of chemically dissimilar metals are deposited upon the region where the fuse is to be formed. The top layers are then etched away from the region where the fusible link is to be formed leaving the lower two layers, the top one of which forms the actual fusible link. The lower layer is then etched away leaving the fusible link suspended from the underlying substrate. The current necessary to cause such a fuse to blow is consistent from fuse to fuse since the physical dimensions of the fusible link can accurately be controlled with the integrated circuit techniques used and, since the fusible link is not in contact with the substrate, the rate at which heat is conducted away from the fusible link cannot vary from fuse to fuse.

Abstract: A lithospheric electromagnetic telemetry system specifically adapted for telemetry of oil well drilling parameters from well bottom to surface of the earth. Sensors measure such parameters as pressure, temperature, salinity, direction of well bore, bit conditions, as well as the standard well logging parameters. The sensor outputs are converted to digital form and stored in a local memory until they are transmitted upon a triggering signal from a surface station. Transmission is accomplished by phase shift modulating an ELF (Extra Low Frequency) or ULF (Ultra Low Frequency) carrier, preferably in the range of 1-30 Hz. Repeater stations which delay and retransmit the signal are spaced along the oil well drill pipe as required. Both the well bottom station and repeaters are mounted inside the oil well drill pipe without substantially decreasing clearance for mud flow.

Abstract: An improved reliability microwave communications system combining discrete state modulation with diversity transmission and reception. Signals are transmitted and received in both horizontal and vertical antenna polarization using QPSK modulation techniques in the preferred embodiment. At the receiving terminal the received signal with the best quality as determined by predetermined receiver parameters is selected as the output data stream. Switching between received signals is accomplished using a hitless switch such that no data is lost when switching between received data streams. Redundant switching and transmitting circuitry may also be provided to further increase the reliability of the system.

Abstract: A stand-alone, interactive processor and display system for displaying, performing positioning, sizing, and performing supportive composition functions for newspaper ad layout. Interactive work stations position copy, edit and correct text, adjust style and point sizes, to accomplish accurate composition functions. A Bit Image Memory digitally stores all displayed patterns directly to minimize the response time of the system to operator inputs. An arithmetic unit and character generator are disclosed which produce lines and character which accurately represent the final copy.

Abstract: A stand-alone, interactive processor and display system for displaying, performing positioning, sizing, and performing supportive composition functions for newspaper advertising layout. Interactive work stations position copy, edit and correct text, adjust style and point sizes, to accomplish accurate composition functions. A Bit Image Memory digitally stores all displayed patterns directly to minimize the response time of the system to operator inputs. An arithmetic unit and character generator are disclosed which produce lines and characters which accurately represent the final copy. The arithmetic unit or processor includes a special purpose internally programmed arithmetic processor unit for controlling all display update operations in a newspaper advertising composition display system. Internal control is achieved through a Programmable Read-Only Memory in which all program operations are prestored. The arithmetic unit controls dot matrix character symbol representations in size and position.

Abstract: A synchronized power supply for use with display systems and data processing equipment in general in which information is displayed on a screen such as a cathode ray tube in which the power supply is synchronized to the display such that internal synchronization is maintained regardless of variation in external synchronization. A unique converter arrangement transfers regulated power to the loads at high efficiency such that both improved power supply and display operation result.

Abstract: A radio beacon navigation system wherein buoys placed at predetermined locations in a harbor or channel transmit identification signals. Every buoy is assigned a unique carrier frequency upon which is transmitted a signal capable of identifying the buoy. Each buoy is shown on harbor charts according to the unique properties of its signal. Radio receiving means carried aboard vessels navigating through the harbor or channel include means for determining the identity of the buoy from which signals are received and the direction from which the received signals emanate.

Abstract: A Read-type avalanche diode having a low noise measure and capable of attaining output signal powers of one watt or more. An effective injection current is defined as the conduction current in the avalanche zone in the absence of avalanche multiplication including therein any tunneling current. The noise measure of the diode is minimized by increasing the defined effective injection current with disclosed techniques. In one embodiment, the effective injection current is increased by the presence of traps located in the avalanche region. In another embodiment, a Schottky barrier contact having a low work function is provided. Surface states of the avalanche region are also varied to produce the desired increase. Increased effective injection current may also be produced in a device with preferred heat flow properties. The noise performance of both oscillator and amplifier circuits is improved with the invention.

Abstract: A method of energizing a laser source stimulating flash lamp directly from an AC power line. Uncontrolled diodes couple the anode and cathode of the flash lamp directly to the AC line. The lamp is triggered by a separate triggering circuit which produces its trigger pulse at a predetermined phase of the AC power source. The use of high current carrying controlled rectifiers and large energy storage devices is thereby eliminated.

Abstract: A plasma panel display device wherein a plasma forming gas is encapsulated in clear glass spheres which are sandwiched between two glass or plastic panels having transparent electrodes thereon. In some embodiments, the type of gas filling some of the spheres is varied to provide a multicolor display panel. A method for filling the small glass spheres with the preferred gas is also described.

Abstract: A temperature compensated acoustic surface wave device, such as a surface wave delay line is provided in which temperature compensation is provided by the deposition of an interdigital electrode structure on a substrate with an overlay film surface of piezoelectric material of a predetermined thickness. A double substrate arrangement is also disclosed in which the interdigital electrode structure is deposited upon the surface of a non-piezoelectric layer which in turn is placed upon the surface of a piezoelectric substrate.

Abstract: High accuracy function calculating apparatus using a minimum of components and storage locations. Second difference values of the function to be generated are stored in a read-only memory which is addressed by an incrementable and reversible address counter. A first accumulator circuit connected to the output of the read-only memory calculates the first difference values of the function. A second accumulator coupled to the output of the first accumulator calculates the values of the desired function. The apparatus is used to advantage in radar azimuth converter applications as well as in general purpose function calculating applications.

Abstract: A high-frequency, high-power FET constructed upon a planar substrate with a repeated pattern of gate, source, and drain connections wherein any two are connected with metallization layers adjacent to and separated from the semiconductor substrate. The third element is interconnected with an overlay metallization layer separated from the lower two metallization layers by an insulating dielectric. The overlay layer is preferably grounded for minimum feedback capacitance.

Abstract: A microwave semiconductor amplifier or oscillator system in which a semiconductor device has an avalanching region at a junction and a heat sink having a higher thermal conductivity than said avalanching region in close thermal contact with the said junction. The avalanching region has a width substantially less than 10 times the thickness of said avalanching region but a length substantially greater than said width. The heat sink is made substantially wider than that of the avalanching region so that heat generated in the avalanching region during operation of the system and moving into the heat sink will have a substantial component thereof moving parallel to the junction, thereby decreasing the thermal resistance between the heat source and the heat sink and hence permitting an increased power output from the system.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device of the beam lead type having a semiconductor interconnection substrate with apertures for integrated circuit chips therein and with metallization patterns having sharply pointed ends for penetrating oxide layers over the bonding pads of the chips and for making electrical connection thereto. Devices thus produced may be assembled and tested and failed chips replaced as necessary before the chips are ultrasonically welded to the interconnection metallization and before final fabrication of the device. The invention also includes a method for producing an interconnection substrate in which a plurality of conically shaped holes are etched into a semiconductor wafer having sharp points within the body of the wafer. A metal layer is deposited over the surface of the semiconductor wafer filling the etched holes. Sharp points are thus formed on the metal in the etched holes.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure having a surface insulating layer formed as a grid with charges implanted in the insulating material to prevent inversion and, hence, channeling between adjacent semiconductor regions, preferably for use in a non-blooming vidicon. The method of manufacturing such a structure uses ion implantation to create immobile positive charges in a grid pattern in an insulating layer in regions spaced from the interface between the insulating layer and the semiconductor body. The insulating layer is of sufficient thickness that substantially all of the charge sites in the insulating layer are separated from the outer surface of the insulator by a sufficient distance to effectively prevent a negative electric field from reaching into the silicon.

Abstract: A digital communications system with increased resistance to frequency selective fading. Digital signals to be transmitted are phase shift modulated upon a spectrum spreaded carrier. The carrier is generated by mixing the output of a band spread oscillator with a locally generated IF oscillator signal. The signal thus obtained is divided into transmission periods, each of which is longer than the maximum spreading time of the nonlinear transmission medium. The increased bandwidth occupancy thus obtained increases the immunity of the transmitted signals to frequency selective fades moving across the allocated bandwidth. The signals are received by a differentially adaptive receiver which automatically adjusts its response to the envelope of received signals.