Abstract: An electromagnetically actuator is disclosed having an electromagnet, a core element, the core element having a normally biased initial spaced apart first position distal from the electromagnet when the electromagnet is off and a second stop position proximal from the electromagnet when the electromagnet is on, a first resilient member adapted to bias said core element in the normally biased first position, and a second resilient member adapted to bias the electromagnet away from the core. The first resilient member is more resilient than the second resilient member. Therefore, the core approaches the electromagnet when the electromagnet is on until the core reaches the fixed stop position, and the electromagnet subsequently approaches the core to the fixed stop position. The actuator may further include an adjustment member that engages the electromagnet so as to control the pressure of the electromagnet against the second resilient member, whereby the axial position of the electromagnet is controlled.

Abstract: A piezoelectric vibrating device is disclosed. The device includes a case having a first compartment with a first compartment height. A bender element, fabricated from an piezoelectric material, is disposed within the first compartment. A motion limiter is disposed within the case for preventing damage to the bender. The motion limiter has a first portion that abuts against the case to prevent the first compartment height from compressing beyond a predetermined first compartment minimal height. The device further includes electronic controls for providing a signal to the bender element. The electronic controls further include an optimal wave form signal generator. The wave form may also be a square wave, pulse train, truncated wave or other type of wave depending on each particular application.

Abstract: An electromagnetically actuated valve is disclosed. The valve includes an upper electromagnetic element and a lower electromagnetic element in a mirrored and facing relationship to each other. The electromagnetic elements define a central channel that surrounds a vertical axis. The valve further includes an armature element that is disposed intermediate the upper and lower electromagnets. The armature element is pivotally mounted to an armature shaft. The armature shaft is perpendicular to the vertical axis. The valve further includes a coil disposed within the central channel of each of the electromagnetic elements.

Abstract: A piezoelectric speaker is disclosed. The speaker includes a rigid structure, a piezoelectric material bender, and a wave guide mounted to both the rigid structure and the bender and serving to interconnect the rigid structure and the bender. The wave guide is a fabricated from a rigid material and is mounted to the bender at approximately the geometric center of the bender. The bender is also encapsulating a case. The rigid structure may include a computer keyboard, a bicycle helmet or any other rigid structure.

Abstract: A compact staggered electromagnetically actuated valve assembly is disclosed. The assembly includes a first electromagnetic actuator defining an upper horizontal surface and an outer circumference and a second electromagnetic actuator defining a vertical axis and a lower horizontal surface. The second actuator lower horizontal surface is located vertically above the first actuator upper horizontal surface and the second actuator vertical axis is disposed outside of the first actuator outer circumference. An electromagnetically actuator for a valve having a valve stem exhibiting thermal expansion is further disclosed. The actuated valve includes an electromagnet and an armature element, the armature element having a normally biased spaced apart first position distal from the electromagnet when the electromagnet is off and a second position proximal from the electromagnet when the electromagnet is on. The valve includes seating springs that carry the electromagnet.